Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism最新文献_第6页

Proceed with caution: on the use of computational linguistics in threat assessment 谨慎行事：论计算语言学在威胁评估中的应用

Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism Pub Date : 2023-01-18 DOI: 10.1080/18335330.2023.2165137

Isabelle van der Vegt, Bennett Kleinberg, P. Gill

{"title":"Proceed with caution: on the use of computational linguistics in threat assessment","authors":"Isabelle van der Vegt, Bennett Kleinberg, P. Gill","doi":"10.1080/18335330.2023.2165137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18335330.2023.2165137","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Large-scale linguistic analyses are increasingly applied to the study of extremism, terrorism, and other threats of violence. At the same time, practitioners working in the field of counterterrorism and security are confronted with large-scale linguistic data, and may benefit from computational methods. This article highlights the challenges and opportunities associated with applying computational linguistics in the domain of threat assessment. Four current issues are identified, namely (1) the data problem, (2) the utopia of predicting violence, (3) the base rate fallacy, and (4) the danger of closed-sourced tools. These challenges are translated into a checklist of questions that should be asked by policymakers and practitioners who (intend to) make use of tools that leverage computational linguistics for threat assessment. The ‘VISOR-P’ checklist can be used to evaluate such tools through their Validity, Indicators, Scientific Quality, Openness, Relevance and Performance. Finally, some suggestions are outlined for the furtherance of the computational linguistic threat assessment field.","PeriodicalId":37849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism","volume":"18 1","pages":"231 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48086563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Counter-terrorism, intelligence and policing in Sri Lanka: a case study of the 2019 easter terror attacks 斯里兰卡的反恐、情报和警务:以2019年复活节恐怖袭击为例

Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism Pub Date : 2023-01-03 DOI: 10.1080/18335330.2022.2153613

Ryan Shaffer

引用次数: 2

Keeping our wits about us: introducing a bespoke informant interview model for covert human intelligence source (CHIS) interactions 保持我们的智慧:为隐蔽的人类情报来源(CHIS)互动引入定制的线人访谈模型

Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism Pub Date : 2022-12-07 DOI: 10.1080/18335330.2022.2153614

Lee Moffett, Gavin E. Oxburgh, Paul Dresser, F. Gabbert, S. Watson

{"title":"Keeping our wits about us: introducing a bespoke informant interview model for covert human intelligence source (CHIS) interactions","authors":"Lee Moffett, Gavin E. Oxburgh, Paul Dresser, F. Gabbert, S. Watson","doi":"10.1080/18335330.2022.2153614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18335330.2022.2153614","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The covert use of civilian informants leaves law enforcement agencies open to accusations of unethical conduct. The use of a structured interview protocol is a recognised method of promoting ethical interactions between police and public citizens, however, there is no known interview model specifically designed to meet informant handler objectives. The current study adopts a holistic view of the interaction between ‘informant’ and ‘handler’ to develop a bespoke informant interview model (RWITS-US: Review and Research, Welfare, Information, Tasking, Security, Understanding Context, Sharing). This model is compared to the PEACE model of interviewing as part of a novel experimental paradigm using mock-informants (N = 19), measuring levels of motivation, rapport, cooperation and intelligence gain. Results indicate that the RWITS-US model generated significantly greater levels of self-reported rapport without having any detrimental effect on the other measured variables. Whilst the results are encouraging, we suggest that the RWITS-US model should be tested in handler training environments before being recommended for widespread use in the field.","PeriodicalId":37849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism","volume":"18 1","pages":"333 - 352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43558940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Victims’ experiences of crime, police behaviour and complaint avenues for reporting police misconduct in Nigeria: an interpretative phenomenological analysis 尼日利亚受害者的犯罪经历、警察行为和举报警察不当行为的投诉途径：一种解释性现象学分析

Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism Pub Date : 2022-12-07 DOI: 10.1080/18335330.2022.2150091

T. Ike, D. Jidong

引用次数: 0

A vector-autoregression-intervention analysis of PKK terrorism and Turkey’s counterterrorism PKK恐怖主义与土耳其反恐的向量自回归干预分析

Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism Pub Date : 2022-09-04 DOI: 10.1080/18335330.2022.2117568

Ali Ozdogan, Zeliha Ozdogan

引用次数: 0

The Terrorist Radicalization Assessment Protocol-18 (TRAP-18) in Australia: face validity, content validity, and utility in the Australian context 澳大利亚的恐怖主义激进化评估协议-18 (TRAP-18):在澳大利亚背景下的面孔效度、内容效度和效用

Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism Pub Date : 2022-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/18335330.2022.2117993

E. Corner, N. Pyszora

{"title":"The Terrorist Radicalization Assessment Protocol-18 (TRAP-18) in Australia: face validity, content validity, and utility in the Australian context","authors":"E. Corner, N. Pyszora","doi":"10.1080/18335330.2022.2117993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18335330.2022.2117993","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Efforts to develop scientifically rigorous and operationally relevant research on the assessment of individuals who present as at risk of radicalisation to violent extremism and/or grievance-fuelled violence remain underdeveloped. The Terrorist Radicalization Assessment Protocol (TRAP-18) has been used across some jurisdictions in Australia to assess whether individuals are radicalising to violent extremism. A number of research publications suggest that the TRAP-18 may provide a valid assessment in radical individuals and may also have some predictive power to identify individuals who escalate to violence. However, to date, there has been no formal assessment of the usability of the TRAP-18. That is, it’s effectiveness in its aims (face validity), or user agreement of included factors (content validity). This work attends to this, and conducts empirically informed, practitioner-oriented research to examine whether the TRAP-18 is a valid and practical assessment tool for the CVE arena across Australia. We conduct a number of focus groups with both practitioners and academic experts. Overall, the results highlight that the TRAP-18 shows promise for use in Australia.","PeriodicalId":37849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism","volume":"17 1","pages":"246 - 268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41801214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Justice and risk assessment: the subjectivity of pre-emptive screening of radicalisation processes 正义和风险评估:激进化过程的先发制人筛选的主观性

Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism Pub Date : 2022-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/18335330.2022.2124123

A. van de Weert

{"title":"Justice and risk assessment: the subjectivity of pre-emptive screening of radicalisation processes","authors":"A. van de Weert","doi":"10.1080/18335330.2022.2124123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18335330.2022.2124123","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In recent years, the fight against (violent) extremism has focused more on anticipating the threats that they pose. Therefore, early detection of undemocratic ideas by local professionals has become an important part of the preventive approach in counter terrorism radicalisation. Frontline workers who operate in the arteries of society are encouraged to identify processes toward violent behaviour at an early stage. To date, however, little is known about how these professionals take on this screening task at their own discretion. The analysis of 55 interviews with youth workers, municipality civil servants, and community police officers, show that they tended to be insufficiently equipped in general to detect radicalisation towards (violent) extremism at the local level in the Netherlands. Firstly, this is due to varying contents and qualities of training courses which are not suited to building up solid expertise. Secondly, and most importantly, the recognising of deviant behaviour is presumably carried out with a one-sided focus on personal norms and values rather than structured judgements about pathways towards risky behaviour. Various value systems seem to influence the norm for early detection, which means that there is, in practice, a lack of clear indicators.","PeriodicalId":37849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism","volume":"17 1","pages":"287 - 300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41897573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Guest Editorial: special issue on violent extremist risk assessment 客座编辑：关于暴力极端主义风险评估的特刊

Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism Pub Date : 2022-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/18335330.2022.2144422

Adrian Cherney, Michele Grossman, L. Khalil

{"title":"Guest Editorial: special issue on violent extremist risk assessment","authors":"Adrian Cherney, Michele Grossman, L. Khalil","doi":"10.1080/18335330.2022.2144422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18335330.2022.2144422","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Violent extremist risk assessment is an evolving field of knowledge and practice, one informed by both empirical research and practitioner field experience. Such assessments have now become a central part of counterterrorism (CT) and countering violent extremism (CVE) responses. It offers structured professional insights and guidance on risk levels at various points on the continuum of those who are, or have, radicalised to violence, from diversion at earlier stages of violent extremist pathways to considerations of risk for post-release terrorist offenders. Any tools that rely on human judgement will necessarily raise questions and debates relating to their validity, structural properties, ability to discriminate between different types of extremists and interrater reliability. While such questions are important, an equally critical but underexamined consideration is the availability of research on the actual practice of violent extremist risk assessment, including how such tools are used across jurisdictions and institutional settings, challenges in their application, and how differing contexts of radicalisation may inform judgements about risk. This special issue, arising from a 2021 AVERT Research Network conference on violent extremism risk assessment, includes contributions from a mix of academics and practitioners who address and explore a number of these research gaps.","PeriodicalId":37849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism","volume":"17 1","pages":"235 - 245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43591177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Violent extremism risk assessment in the Australian courts; professional and ethical challenges for the expert witness in post sentence preventative detention cases 澳大利亚法院的暴力极端主义风险评估;判刑后预防性拘留案件中专家证人面临的职业和道德挑战

Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism Pub Date : 2022-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/18335330.2022.2117566

N. Pyszora, K. Mischel, M. Doroc, N. Prince

引用次数: 1

Violent extremism risk assessment and screening analysis: applicability, challenges, and new developments 暴力极端主义风险评估和筛查分析：适用性、挑战和新进展

Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism Pub Date : 2022-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/18335330.2022.2117567

D. Pressman, Natalie Davis

{"title":"Violent extremism risk assessment and screening analysis: applicability, challenges, and new developments","authors":"D. Pressman, Natalie Davis","doi":"10.1080/18335330.2022.2117567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18335330.2022.2117567","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article reviews knowledge related to violent extremism risk assessment, discusses challenges in its use and identifies new developments. Several violent extremism risk assessment tools have been developed over the past decade. The application of such tools in national security, forensic and community practice as well as court proceedings has been documented. The benefits, constraints and interpretation of violent extremism risk assessments are considered. The advantages of a less complex approach to supplement the current time intensive in-depth risk assessment have been identified. Benefits include the early identification and screening of relevant populations including those in the pre-crime space. The way court appointed experts benefit from the included risk indicators and structured professional judgment methodology is also clarified. The paper identifies how risk assessment approaches can be used to inform individualised intervention programs, assess rehabilitation program efficacy as well as identify the risk and threat status of an individual. The new short analytical approach referred to as the Violent Extremism Screening Analysis (VESA) is introduced, developed by the article authors and based on their insights and experience in violent extremism risk assessment. A recommendation is the need to pilot the newly developed short screening approach to clarify applicability and relevance.","PeriodicalId":37849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism","volume":"17 1","pages":"301 - 313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41782953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1