Crime SciencePub Date : 2021-05-17DOI: 10.1186/s40163-021-00145-w
Damian Weekers, Gohar Petrossian, Lauric Thiault
{"title":"Illegal fishing and compliance management in marine protected areas: a situational approach","authors":"Damian Weekers, Gohar Petrossian, Lauric Thiault","doi":"10.1186/s40163-021-00145-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40163-021-00145-w","url":null,"abstract":"Protected Areas (PAs) are spatially representative management tools that impose various levels of protection for conservation purposes. As spatially regulated places, ensuring compliance with the rules represents a key element of effective management and positive conservation outcomes. Wildlife crime, and in particular poaching, is a serious global problem that undermines the success of PAs. This study applies a socio-ecological approach to understanding the opportunity structure of illegal recreational fishing (poaching) in no-take zones in Australia’s Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. We use Boosted Regression Trees to predict the spatio-temporal distribution of poaching risk within no-take Marine National Park zones. The results show that five risk factors account for nearly three quarters (73.6%) of the relative importance for poaching in no-take zones and that temporally varying conditions influence risk across space. We discuss these findings through the theoretical lens of Environmental Criminology and suggest that law enforcement strategies focus on reducing the negative outcomes associated with poaching by limiting the opportunity of would-be offenders to undertake illegal activity.","PeriodicalId":37844,"journal":{"name":"Crime Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138531296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crime SciencePub Date : 2021-04-28DOI: 10.1186/s40163-021-00143-y
Wim Bernasco, Remco van Dijke
{"title":"Retraction Note to: Do offenders avoid offending near home? A systematic review of the buffer zone hypothesis","authors":"Wim Bernasco, Remco van Dijke","doi":"10.1186/s40163-021-00143-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40163-021-00143-y","url":null,"abstract":"This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40163-021-00143-y","PeriodicalId":37844,"journal":{"name":"Crime Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2021-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138531249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crime SciencePub Date : 2021-04-13DOI: 10.1186/s40163-023-00185-4
P. Hartel, R. van Wegberg
{"title":"Going dark? Analysing the impact of end-to-end encryption on the outcome of Dutch criminal court cases","authors":"P. Hartel, R. van Wegberg","doi":"10.1186/s40163-023-00185-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40163-023-00185-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37844,"journal":{"name":"Crime Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2021-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43619175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crime SciencePub Date : 2021-02-05DOI: 10.1186/s40163-021-00140-1
Oliver K. Hutt, Kate Bowers, Shane D. Johnson
{"title":"The effect of GPS refresh rate on measuring police patrol in micro-places","authors":"Oliver K. Hutt, Kate Bowers, Shane D. Johnson","doi":"10.1186/s40163-021-00140-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40163-021-00140-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the increasing prevalence of police interventions implemented in micro hot-spots of crime, the accuracy with which officer foot patrols can be measured is increasingly important for the robust evaluation of such strategies. However, it is currently unknown how the accuracy of GPS traces impact upon our understanding of where officers are at a given time and how this varies for different GPS refresh rates. Most existing studies that use GPS data fail to acknowledge this. This study uses GPS data from police officer radios and ground truth data to estimate how accurate GPS data are for different GPS refresh rates. The similarity of the assumed paths are quantitatively evaluated and the analysis shows that different refresh rates lead to diverging estimations of where officers have patrolled. These results have significant implications for the measurement of police patrols in micro-places and evaluations of micro-place based interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":37844,"journal":{"name":"Crime Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2021-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138531295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crime SciencePub Date : 2021-01-29DOI: 10.1186/s40163-021-00139-8
Sabine E. M. van Sleeuwen, S. Ruiter, W. Steenbeek
{"title":"Right place, right time? Making crime pattern theory time-specific","authors":"Sabine E. M. van Sleeuwen, S. Ruiter, W. Steenbeek","doi":"10.1186/s40163-021-00139-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40163-021-00139-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37844,"journal":{"name":"Crime Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40163-021-00139-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65836738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crime SciencePub Date : 2021-01-06DOI: 10.1186/s40163-020-00138-1
Dorothea Delpech, Herve Borrion, Shane Johnson
{"title":"Systematic review of situational prevention methods for crime against species","authors":"Dorothea Delpech, Herve Borrion, Shane Johnson","doi":"10.1186/s40163-020-00138-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40163-020-00138-1","url":null,"abstract":"Illegal activities concerning terrestrial species (TS) are responsible for a variety of health, environmental, economic and security issues. The majority of academic research associated with species relates to conservation, with few publications specifically investigating the scale of crimes impacting species or how they can be prevented. This article systematically reviews the available evidence about what works to prevent crime against terrestrial species. Of over 29,000 documents that were returned in the first stage of the review, these were filtered to just over 100. The remaining documents were partially or fully read to identify the most relevant documents to include in the final qualitative synthesis. The review results show there is a significant lack of primary research in this area, as only five articles were found that met the study inclusion criteria. The identified articles focus on the effects of two types of situational crime prevention interventions: community outreach and ranger patrol frequency. Community outreach was shown to have a significant impact on local poaching levels, while for patrolling the evidence suggests a positive impact on the discovery of poachers, animal carcasses and poaching paraphernalia, however, the quality of these studies varied greatly. To prevent the further decline of species numbers internationally, more effort should be invested in publicising existing research into the effectiveness of prevention strategies that have not reached the wider scientific audience, as well as the funding and promotion of research into alternate methods of crime prevention.","PeriodicalId":37844,"journal":{"name":"Crime Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140882441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crime SciencePub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1186/s40163-021-00142-z
Samuel Langton, Anthony Dixon, Graham Farrell
{"title":"Six months in: pandemic crime trends in England and Wales.","authors":"Samuel Langton, Anthony Dixon, Graham Farrell","doi":"10.1186/s40163-021-00142-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40163-021-00142-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Governments around the world have enforced strict guidelines on social interaction and mobility to control the spread of the COVID-19 virus. Evidence has begun to emerge which suggests that such dramatic changes in people's routine activities have yielded similarly dramatic changes in criminal behavior. This study represents the first 'look back' on six months of the nationwide lockdown in England and Wales. Using open police-recorded crime trends, we provide a comparison between expected and observed crime rates for fourteen different offence categories between March and August, 2020. We find that most crime types experienced sharp, short-term declines during the first full month of lockdown. This was followed by a gradual resurgence as restrictions were relaxed. Major exceptions include anti-social behavior and drug crimes. Findings shed light on the opportunity structures for crime and the nuances of using police records to study crime during the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40163-021-00142-z.</p>","PeriodicalId":37844,"journal":{"name":"Crime Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40163-021-00142-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10262346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crime SciencePub Date : 2021-01-01Epub Date: 2021-10-24DOI: 10.1186/s40163-021-00160-x
Joanna J J Wang, Thomas Fung, Donald Weatherburn
{"title":"The impact of the COVID-19, social distancing, and movement restrictions on crime in NSW, Australia.","authors":"Joanna J J Wang, Thomas Fung, Donald Weatherburn","doi":"10.1186/s40163-021-00160-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40163-021-00160-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The spread of COVID-19 has prompted Governments around the world to impose draconian restrictions on business activity, public transport, and public freedom of movement. The effect of these restrictions appears to vary from country to country and, in some cases, from one area to another within a country. This paper examines the impact of the COVID-19 restrictions imposed in New South Wales (NSW) by the State Government. We examine week-to-week changes in 13 categories of crime (and four aggregated categories) from 2 January 2017 to 28 June 2020. Rather than using the pre-intervention data to make a forecast and then comparing that with what is actually observed, we use a Box-Jenkins (ARIMA) approach to model the entire time series. Our results are broadly in accord with those of other studies, but we find no effect of the lockdown (upward or downward) on domestic assault.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40163-021-00160-x.</p>","PeriodicalId":37844,"journal":{"name":"Crime Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8542413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39579849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crime SciencePub Date : 2021-01-01Epub Date: 2021-03-02DOI: 10.1186/s40163-021-00141-0
Jerry H Ratcliffe
{"title":"Policing and public health calls for service in Philadelphia.","authors":"Jerry H Ratcliffe","doi":"10.1186/s40163-021-00141-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40163-021-00141-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This contribution outlines various spatial and temporal aspects of medical or public-health related calls for service from the public to police in Philadelphia in 2019. These incidents comprise about 8% of the police department's workload that originates from the public. Calls appear to be highly concentrated in a few areas, and specifically the Center City and Kensington neighborhoods. They are also more likely to occur late afternoon and evening. The article shows that some medical or public health activity initially masquerades as crime or other policing work and some events eventually determined to be police/crime activity can initially appear to be public health related. About 20% of activity in this area does not appear predictable from the initial call type as handled by police dispatch.</p>","PeriodicalId":37844,"journal":{"name":"Crime Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40163-021-00141-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25446951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crime SciencePub Date : 2021-01-01Epub Date: 2021-06-30DOI: 10.1186/s40163-021-00147-8
Jose Roberto Balmori de la Miyar, Lauren Hoehn-Velasco, Adan Silverio-Murillo
{"title":"The U-shaped crime recovery during COVID-19: evidence from national crime rates in Mexico.","authors":"Jose Roberto Balmori de la Miyar, Lauren Hoehn-Velasco, Adan Silverio-Murillo","doi":"10.1186/s40163-021-00147-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40163-021-00147-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The existing empirical evidence suggests a reduction in aggregate crime as a consequence of the COVID-19 lockdown. However, what happens when lockdown measures are relaxed? This paper considers how the COVID-19 pandemic affects crime rates throughout Mexico when the stay-at-home orders end. We use national crime data from Mexico's <i>National Public Security System</i>, which reports municipality-level rates on assault & battery, theft & property crime, fraud, drug crimes & extortion, and homicides. Our results show that the majority of crimes follow a U-shaped trend-when the lockdown ends-crimes rise back to pre-pandemic levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":37844,"journal":{"name":"Crime Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8243050/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39154178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}