World Development Perspectives最新文献_第6页

Fertility responses to cash transfers in Uruguay 乌拉圭对现金转移的生育反应

IF 1.9

World Development Perspectives Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100574

Cecilia Parada

{"title":"Fertility responses to cash transfers in Uruguay","authors":"Cecilia Parada","doi":"10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs have been the most used tool to reduce poverty and inequality in developing countries in the last decades. In addition to the objectives pursued by these programs, it has been shown that they can have unintended effects on different dimensions. Particularly, they can have an impact on fertility due to an increase in the household's income. This paper examines the relationship between non-labor income and women's childbearing behavior in a developing country. The assignment mechanism of the Uruguayan cash transfer program Asignaciones Familiares – Plan de Equidad (AFAM-PE) alters non-labor incomes across the applicant’s households. I estimate the impact of this program on women's fertility and teenage pregnancy. The identification strategy exploits the discontinuity present in the program eligibility criteria. I combined longitudinal vital statistics provided by the Ministry of Public Health and administrative data to assemble a panel of AFAM-PE applicants aged between 15 and 49 (in 2008 and 2009). The study finds no statistically significant impact of AFAM-PE on fertility rates or teenage pregnancy. These results are robust to different specifications and women samples. This provides evidence against the idea that transfer programs targeting disadvantaged individuals generate a direct effect on fertility.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37831,"journal":{"name":"World Development Perspectives","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100574"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139993236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ministerial musical chairs: Does leadership turnover undermine the effectiveness of World Bank education aid? 部长级音乐椅：领导层更替是否会削弱世界银行教育援助的有效性？

IF 1.9

World Development Perspectives Pub Date : 2024-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100572

Biniam Bedasso

{"title":"Ministerial musical chairs: Does leadership turnover undermine the effectiveness of World Bank education aid?","authors":"Biniam Bedasso","doi":"10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Government ministers can play such a significant role in the implementation of development projects under their portfolio that a high turnover of ministers may have implications for aid effectiveness. This paper examines the link between ministerial continuity in borrower governments and the performance of World Bank education projects implemented between 2000 and 2017 in 114 countries. I use a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods to trace the link between number of ministers during project implementation and project outcome ratings. There is a statistically significant and qualitatively meaningful negative correlation between ministerial turnover and project performance. Delays caused by transition and reshuffling of senior managers by new education ministers are shown to constitute possible causal mechanisms. There is some evidence that strong supervision by World Bank staff could mitigate the negative implications of ministerial turnover on project outcome.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37831,"journal":{"name":"World Development Perspectives","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100572"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452292924000092/pdfft?md5=0c140a8dbc79bed74be5bbcde1543dbb&pid=1-s2.0-S2452292924000092-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139718346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Which rights matters: Girls’ education at the expense of their sexual and reproductive rights? 哪些权利重要？女孩的教育是否牺牲了她们的性权利和生殖权利？

IF 1.9

World Development Perspectives Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100571

Linn Lövgren

{"title":"Which rights matters: Girls’ education at the expense of their sexual and reproductive rights?","authors":"Linn Lövgren","doi":"10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Globally, girl’s education is seen as a human right and means through which to achieve gender equality and is frequently championed by the international development community as the ultimate empowerment of girls (Desai, 2016; Khoja-Moolji, 2018; Robinson, 2021; Tarabini, 2011). Along the same lines, girls’ sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) is also presented in international development discourse as a fundamental right and precondition for achieving gender equality (UNFPA, 2021). However, the relationship between girls’ right to education and girls’ right to sexual and reproductive health has not been adequately explored. In the context of Tanzania, the prevalence of teenage pregnancies is high and one of the leading causes of girls' attrition from school (Centre for Reproductive Rights, 2013). Therefore, pregnancy in school has been prohibited by the Tanzanian government, and as a response many schools have practised a number of regulations aimed at preventing girls from becoming pregnant in the first place (ibid.). While many studies<span><sup>3</sup></span> have focused on the different factors leading to teenage pregnancy in Tanzania and how education serves as an antidote to it, this paper explores the relationship between girls’ right to education and girls’ sexual and reproductive health and rights by specifically looking at how girls’ bodies and sexuality are regulated through secondary school in Tanzania. Based on semi-structured online interviews with Tanzanian women, I argue that girls’ secondary education in Tanzania is gained at the expense of their sexual and reproductive rights. In doing so, this paper sheds light on girls’ education and the “trade-off” that emerges between, on the one hand, girls’ right to education, and on the other hand, girls’ sexual and reproductive health and rights.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37831,"journal":{"name":"World Development Perspectives","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100571"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139714018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The influence of large scale land acquisition on smallholder farming productivity - the case of Zambia 大规模征地对小农生产率的影响--赞比亚案例

IF 1.9

World Development Perspectives Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100565

Mintewab Bezabih , Hailemariam Teklewold , Samuel A. Zewdie

引用次数: 0

Unveiling effects of cash transfers on poverty and social cohesion in conflict-affected zones: Insights from ex-FATA, Pakistan 揭示现金转移对受冲突影响地区的贫困和社会凝聚力的影响：巴基斯坦前联邦直辖部落地区的启示

IF 1.9

World Development Perspectives Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100570

Saima Nawaz, Sajid Hussain

引用次数: 0

Women’s education through empowerment: Evidence from a community-based program 通过赋权促进妇女教育：来自社区计划的证据

IF 1.9

World Development Perspectives Pub Date : 2024-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100568

Pragya Bhuwania , Arnab Mukherji , Hema Swaminathan

{"title":"Women’s education through empowerment: Evidence from a community-based program","authors":"Pragya Bhuwania , Arnab Mukherji , Hema Swaminathan","doi":"10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Poor educational outcomes for women can adversely impact economic and social outcomes. Gender-based education disparity, often attributed to social norms, led to the development of a unique program, the Mahila Samakhya (MS), in India. This program aimed to develop women’s agency and voice to help them negotiate unequal gender norms. We explore the long-term impacts of MS on educational outcomes in India using the program’s phased rollout to address potential endogeneity concerns in several ways. We use the program’s implementation design to control for the pattern of expansion, district and birth year fixed effects to account for unobserved heterogeneity, and a triple difference estimator to capture the faster rise in educational outcomes of women than men on account of the MS program. Our estimates suggest that women who were 0–6 years of age at the time of MS rollout saw the largest gains over men of similar ages by 1.18 additional years. An important policy implication from our work is that broad-based empowerment programs can address gender disparities even within the context of large national programs with decentralized governance and implementation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37831,"journal":{"name":"World Development Perspectives","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100568"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452292924000055/pdfft?md5=ac4d7f4d1884727bdbaede210555f3ca&pid=1-s2.0-S2452292924000055-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139653334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Global corporations and local dependencies: Resource redistribution and the reconfiguration of dependency relations in Sierra Leone 全球企业与地方依附关系：塞拉利昂的资源再分配和依附关系重组

IF 1.9

World Development Perspectives Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100569

Robert Jan Pijpers

{"title":"Global corporations and local dependencies: Resource redistribution and the reconfiguration of dependency relations in Sierra Leone","authors":"Robert Jan Pijpers","doi":"10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dynamics of resource redistribution, local entanglement, and processes of dis/empowerment are crucial elements in the development effects of corporate resource extraction. This article critically speaks to these debates by examining the entanglements of a global mining company in Sierra Leone and its effects on local patronage and dependency networks. Crucially, rather than foregrounding processes of detachment and the reproduction of inequality, the analysis brings home forms of corporate attachment and quests for local empowerment. Three domains of resource redistribution are placed centre stage: 1) the co-production of contemporary corporate patronage by corporations and communities; 2) the politics and practices of competing elites in channelling resource flows between corporations and communities; and 3) employees’ engagement in the informal redistribution of resources. The practices of demanding, accessing, controlling, and distributing resources in these three domains not only create forms of corporate attachment, but also enable different actors to (attempt to) strengthen their positions within their multilayered dependency networks, and to pursue empowerment. Such processes and practices are key to understanding how development and change are imagined, pursued, and negotiated in the context of corporate resource extraction in Sierra Leone and elsewhere.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37831,"journal":{"name":"World Development Perspectives","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100569"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452292924000067/pdfft?md5=e4f2aa33a291845cefb541878acd73ce&pid=1-s2.0-S2452292924000067-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139493932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Feminisation of adaptation interventions in Bangladesh: An intersectional analysis 孟加拉国适应措施的女性化：交叉分析

IF 1.9

World Development Perspectives Pub Date : 2024-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100567

Md. Masud-All-Kamal , Melissa Nursey-Bray

{"title":"Feminisation of adaptation interventions in Bangladesh: An intersectional analysis","authors":"Md. Masud-All-Kamal , Melissa Nursey-Bray","doi":"10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Community-based adaptation to climate change seeks to build the adaptive capacity of the most vulnerable people in developing countries. Primarily implemented by non-governmental organisations, these initiatives are often operationalised by organising ‘poor women’ in order to empower them to address community risks associated with climate change. Yet, there is little known about how women experience these adaptation initiatives and whether such interventions empower them. Drawing on a qualitative case study, this article reports on the experiences of poor women in Bangladesh who participated in group-based adaptation interventions designed to enhance both individual and collective agency to respond to climate change. We found that women faced constraints from their own families and communities, which undermined their potential to be empowered and to exercise agency in both private and public spheres. Gender norms intersected with social class, age and marital status to impede women who remained bound by societal norms and undermined their adaptive capacity. We argue that the trend to feminise adaptation interventions is not a panacea for addressing societal barriers to climate adaptation; in fact, it can exacerbate local vulnerabilities. We suggest that future adaptation interventions must adopt cultural pathways aligned with societal norms to effectively build local capacities to address climate change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37831,"journal":{"name":"World Development Perspectives","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100567"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139436034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Public and common interest in sustainable contract farming 可持续订单农业的公共利益和共同利益

IF 1.9

World Development Perspectives Pub Date : 2024-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100564

Kim Van der Borght , Jorge Freddy Milian Gómez

{"title":"Public and common interest in sustainable contract farming","authors":"Kim Van der Borght , Jorge Freddy Milian Gómez","doi":"10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research article uses a multidisciplinary view to address the issue of public and common interest in contract farming schemes. Humanity is at a crucial point where food systems and institutions must offer a radical change to guarantee people's right to food. Contract farming today, influenced by the commodification of food, nature and the land, and neoliberal ideology, must be restructured into a more sustainable model. In a sustainable vision, redesigned contract farming can be a factor of change, particularly in the agricultural sector development, and therefore positively impact the general welfare of farmers. This article addresses the role of contract farming within the process of neoliberal globalisation and commodification of food, as well as ways to reformulate these contracting schemes based on the public and common interest. It reviews the use of this legal tool from its beginnings in the US South to the current ideological battles. This essay addresses the conceptual elements of contract farming, as can be seen in its definition, based on a comparison between English and Spanish literature. The research employs legal and social methods such as the legal-doctrinal, comparative legal, document analysis, historical and, in a certain way, some legal-empirical approaches. We show the importance of reconfiguring contract farming based on sustainable schemes under public and common interest principles. Thus, the results show an updated and multidisciplinary view of contract farming and some ways to reformulate it, considering the general guidelines of the common and public interests. This article, therefore, provides a comparative, historical and current analysis of the components underlying contract farming and how to move towards a more sustainable variant based on a more humanistic and balanced approach for farmers and agribusiness.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37831,"journal":{"name":"World Development Perspectives","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100564"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139111760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Management of innovation processes in agriculture 农业创新过程的管理

IF 1.9

World Development Perspectives Pub Date : 2024-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100566

Zhandos Taishykov , Madina Tolysbayeva , Kassymkhan Zhumanazarov , Saule Ibraimova , Zhamilya Mizambekova

{"title":"Management of innovation processes in agriculture","authors":"Zhandos Taishykov , Madina Tolysbayeva , Kassymkhan Zhumanazarov , Saule Ibraimova , Zhamilya Mizambekova","doi":"10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Agriculture is one of the most critical sectors of the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Therefore, the development of its innovativeness in the formation of public policy needs new methods of its formation is one of the most discussed issues among scientists and politicians. Thus, it is relevant to consider methods of management of innovation processes in agriculture as an integral part of the effectiveness of innovation in enterprises and the </span>industry<span> as a whole and to determine which of them can be used most effectively in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The primary method of the study was modelling, given the number of built and analysed models shown in the work; other methods worth mentioning are analysis, formalisation, forecasting, the historical method, and others. Thus, the research considered some basic models describing the management of innovation processes in agriculture. It was highlighted that they all have their strengths and weaknesses in one way or another. Nevertheless, there are universal principles for building models of innovation process management that should be followed. For example, the interaction between the subjects of the model should be effortless and transparent. At the same time, they should receive sufficient amounts of qualitative information from the external environment. Considering them, as well as addressing the general features of the development of the Republic of Kazakhstan and its agricultural sector, it is possible to achieve significant success in solving the described problems. The research also analyses some methods of building management models of innovation processes. The work brings new knowledge to the theory of management as well as provides an opportunity to find methods to improve the management of innovation processes in agriculture.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":37831,"journal":{"name":"World Development Perspectives","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100566"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139107915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0