World Development Perspectives最新文献

{"title":"Ministerial musical chairs: Does leadership turnover undermine the effectiveness of World Bank education aid?","authors":"Biniam Bedasso","doi":"10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Government ministers can play such a significant role in the implementation of development projects under their portfolio that a high turnover of ministers may have implications for aid effectiveness. This paper examines the link between ministerial continuity in borrower governments and the performance of World Bank education projects implemented between 2000 and 2017 in 114 countries. I use a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods to trace the link between number of ministers during project implementation and project outcome ratings. There is a statistically significant and qualitatively meaningful negative correlation between ministerial turnover and project performance. Delays caused by transition and reshuffling of senior managers by new education ministers are shown to constitute possible causal mechanisms. There is some evidence that strong supervision by World Bank staff could mitigate the negative implications of ministerial turnover on project outcome.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37831,"journal":{"name":"World Development Perspectives","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100572"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452292924000092/pdfft?md5=0c140a8dbc79bed74be5bbcde1543dbb&pid=1-s2.0-S2452292924000092-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139718346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Which rights matters: Girls’ education at the expense of their sexual and reproductive rights?","authors":"Linn Lövgren","doi":"10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Globally, girl’s education is seen as a human right and means through which to achieve gender equality and is frequently championed by the international development community as the ultimate empowerment of girls (Desai, 2016; Khoja-Moolji, 2018; Robinson, 2021; Tarabini, 2011). Along the same lines, girls’ sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) is also presented in international development discourse as a fundamental right and precondition for achieving gender equality (UNFPA, 2021). However, the relationship between girls’ right to education and girls’ right to sexual and reproductive health has not been adequately explored. In the context of Tanzania, the prevalence of teenage pregnancies is high and one of the leading causes of girls' attrition from school (Centre for Reproductive Rights, 2013). Therefore, pregnancy in school has been prohibited by the Tanzanian government, and as a response many schools have practised a number of regulations aimed at preventing girls from becoming pregnant in the first place (ibid.). While many studies<span>³</span> have focused on the different factors leading to teenage pregnancy in Tanzania and how education serves as an antidote to it, this paper explores the relationship between girls’ right to education and girls’ sexual and reproductive health and rights by specifically looking at how girls’ bodies and sexuality are regulated through secondary school in Tanzania. Based on semi-structured online interviews with Tanzanian women, I argue that girls’ secondary education in Tanzania is gained at the expense of their sexual and reproductive rights. In doing so, this paper sheds light on girls’ education and the “trade-off” that emerges between, on the one hand, girls’ right to education, and on the other hand, girls’ sexual and reproductive health and rights.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37831,"journal":{"name":"World Development Perspectives","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100571"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139714018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling effects of cash transfers on poverty and social cohesion in conflict-affected zones: Insights from ex-FATA, Pakistan","authors":"Saima Nawaz,&nbsp;Sajid Hussain","doi":"10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study assesses the impact of the Benazir Income Support Program (BISP) on poverty and social cohesion in conflict-affected areas of ex-FATA, Pakistan. Using multidimensional analysis and data from 600 households, we employ propensity score matching (PSM) to examine BISP's effects. Results reveal significant reductions in poverty measures, including livestock ownership, living standards, and economic well-being. Cash transfer recipients strategically invested in livestock and agricultural tools, boosting daily income and resilience. However, BISP cash transfers have negatively affected social cohesion within the study areas. This outcome suggests the potential for alienation among non-beneficiaries. The study contributes to policy formulation by navigating the complex interplay between cash transfers, poverty, and social dynamics in conflict-affected settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37831,"journal":{"name":"World Development Perspectives","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100570"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139675179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women’s education through empowerment: Evidence from a community-based program","authors":"Pragya Bhuwania ,&nbsp;Arnab Mukherji ,&nbsp;Hema Swaminathan","doi":"10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Poor educational outcomes for women can adversely impact economic and social outcomes. Gender-based education disparity, often attributed to social norms, led to the development of a unique program, the Mahila Samakhya (MS), in India. This program aimed to develop women’s agency and voice to help them negotiate unequal gender norms. We explore the long-term impacts of MS on educational outcomes in India using the program’s phased rollout to address potential endogeneity concerns in several ways. We use the program’s implementation design to control for the pattern of expansion, district and birth year fixed effects to account for unobserved heterogeneity, and a triple difference estimator to capture the faster rise in educational outcomes of women than men on account of the MS program. Our estimates suggest that women who were 0–6 years of age at the time of MS rollout saw the largest gains over men of similar ages by 1.18 additional years. An important policy implication from our work is that broad-based empowerment programs can address gender disparities even within the context of large national programs with decentralized governance and implementation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37831,"journal":{"name":"World Development Perspectives","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100568"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452292924000055/pdfft?md5=ac4d7f4d1884727bdbaede210555f3ca&pid=1-s2.0-S2452292924000055-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139653334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feminisation of adaptation interventions in Bangladesh: An intersectional analysis","authors":"Md. Masud-All-Kamal ,&nbsp;Melissa Nursey-Bray","doi":"10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Community-based adaptation to climate change seeks to build the adaptive capacity of the most vulnerable people in developing countries. Primarily implemented by non-governmental organisations, these initiatives are often operationalised by organising ‘poor women’ in order to empower them to address community risks associated with climate change. Yet, there is little known about how women experience these adaptation initiatives and whether such interventions empower them. Drawing on a qualitative case study, this article reports on the experiences of poor women in Bangladesh who participated in group-based adaptation interventions designed to enhance both individual and collective agency to respond to climate change. We found that women faced constraints from their own families and communities, which undermined their potential to be empowered and to exercise agency in both private and public spheres. Gender norms intersected with social class, age and marital status to impede women who remained bound by societal norms and undermined their adaptive capacity. We argue that the trend to feminise adaptation interventions is not a panacea for addressing societal barriers to climate adaptation; in fact, it can exacerbate local vulnerabilities. We suggest that future adaptation interventions must adopt cultural pathways aligned with societal norms to effectively build local capacities to address climate change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37831,"journal":{"name":"World Development Perspectives","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100567"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139436034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of innovation processes in agriculture","authors":"Zhandos Taishykov ,&nbsp;Madina Tolysbayeva ,&nbsp;Kassymkhan Zhumanazarov ,&nbsp;Saule Ibraimova ,&nbsp;Zhamilya Mizambekova","doi":"10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Agriculture is one of the most critical sectors of the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Therefore, the development of its innovativeness in the formation of public policy needs new methods of its formation is one of the most discussed issues among scientists and politicians. Thus, it is relevant to consider methods of management of innovation processes in agriculture as an integral part of the effectiveness of innovation in enterprises and the </span>industry<span> as a whole and to determine which of them can be used most effectively in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The primary method of the study was modelling, given the number of built and analysed models shown in the work; other methods worth mentioning are analysis, formalisation, forecasting, the historical method, and others. Thus, the research considered some basic models describing the management of innovation processes in agriculture. It was highlighted that they all have their strengths and weaknesses in one way or another. Nevertheless, there are universal principles for building models of innovation process management that should be followed. For example, the interaction between the subjects of the model should be effortless and transparent. At the same time, they should receive sufficient amounts of qualitative information from the external environment. Considering them, as well as addressing the general features of the development of the Republic of Kazakhstan and its agricultural sector, it is possible to achieve significant success in solving the described problems. The research also analyses some methods of building management models of innovation processes. The work brings new knowledge to the theory of management as well as provides an opportunity to find methods to improve the management of innovation processes in agriculture.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":37831,"journal":{"name":"World Development Perspectives","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100566"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139107915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A responsible mining approach to the economic modeling of small-scale gold mining","authors":"Oswaldo Menta Simonsen Nico,&nbsp;Carlos Henrique Xavier Araujo,&nbsp;Deborah Goldemberg,&nbsp;Giorgio de Tomi","doi":"10.1016/j.wdp.2023.100561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2023.100561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Artisanal mining, known as “<em>garimpo</em>” in Brazil, is a legal activity predicted in the Brazilian mining code. However, society's concern over the sustainable development of the Amazon rainforest and media coverage of illegal gold extraction have had the effect of marginalizing and condemning the sector as a whole. Known in the international literature as small-scale and artisanal gold mining (ASGM), this sector involves millions of miners across the world and hundreds of thousands in Brazil, who make a living from it, feed their families, and foster local economies. However, ASGM miners use techniques and operating procedures that, if not controlled, mitigated and eventually replaced, could lead to significant social and environmental impacts. There are growing concerns over ASGM activities, and buyers, investors, and industrial sectors are willing to pay more for a product created in a responsible manner. However, questions remain as to how much the transition to a responsible operation would cost, and whether buyers would really be willing to pay for it. This research presents a proposal for the economic modeling of ASGM operations based on immersive work in three cooperatives of legal ASGM miners in Brazil. The proposed approach considers the SDGs (United Nations Sustainable Development Goals) of the 2030 agenda, as applied to small-scale mining, and the corresponding actions that are needed, based on a detailed survey of the costs of the analyzed operations, with the aim of guiding small-scale mining activities towards greater responsibility and sustainability. In the proposed model, the average profit obtained from mining operations is guaranteed and the size of the bonus reverts to the responsible areas surveyed. A financial analysis based on our responsible model, which was developed for the cash flow for a hypothetical operation over 10 years, yields an IRR of 54 % and a payback of 2.54 years, thus demonstrating its economic viability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37831,"journal":{"name":"World Development Perspectives","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100561"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139100534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Household air pollution could make children grow shorter in sub-Saharan Africa; but can households help stem the tide on their own?","authors":"Michael Larbi Odame ,&nbsp;Kwame Adjei-Mantey","doi":"10.1016/j.wdp.2023.100562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2023.100562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recently, there has been growing research interest in the influence of household air pollution on child health. Despite the increasing advocacy for households to switch from the use of polluting cooking fuels due to climate change and health-related concerns, the practice is still prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The intensity of household air pollution exposure and its influence on child stunting and wasting of children is an important, but understudied, cause for public health concern. Identifying the health effects of polluting fuels, for instance, could stimulate a speedy transition to clean energy. This study, therefore, examines the association between the intensity of household air pollution exposure and child stunting and wasting of children using data from the most recent demographic and health surveys (DHS) from 33 countries in SSA using linear probability modeling. Results show that high levels of intensity of air pollution within households are associated with increased stunting probability of 2.9% − 3.2%. The findings highlight a potential negligible cost measure households can adopt to limit the intensity of pollution they are exposed to and consequently, to reduce the faltering growth in children.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37831,"journal":{"name":"World Development Perspectives","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100562"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452292923000784/pdfft?md5=c282ab231f0437b8ea98bd86217ff78c&pid=1-s2.0-S2452292923000784-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139033509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making specialty coffee and coffee-cherry value chains work for family farmers’ livelihoods: A participatory action research approach","authors":"Johanna Jacobi ,&nbsp;Derly Lara ,&nbsp;Sebastian Opitz ,&nbsp;Sabine de Castelberg ,&nbsp;Sergio Urioste ,&nbsp;Alvaro Irazoque ,&nbsp;Daniel Castro ,&nbsp;Elio Wildisen ,&nbsp;Nelson Gutierrez ,&nbsp;Chahan Yeretzian","doi":"10.1016/j.wdp.2023.100551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2023.100551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Coffee provides a livelihood to millions of smallholder farmers, but comes with serious challenges as incomes are often meagre and the climate crisis threatens most coffeegrowing areas. Specialty coffee markets reward quality, which can increase farm-gate prices, and may enhance shaded and diversified coffee-farming systems. In origin countries such as Colombia and Bolivia, specialty coffee is typically exported, whereas lower-quality coffee is marketed for domestic consumption. Local demand for specialty coffee is growing, however, and coffee-cherry products are increasingly traded and consumed. This bears potential for retaining more value in origin countries and among farmers. However, how farming families can better profit from specialty coffee and its by-products, such as dried coffee cherries (also known as cascara or sultana), remains poorly understood. We applied a value-chain analysis combined with institutional analysis and the Participatory Market-Chain Approach (PMCA) to investigate the impact of specialty coffee and coffee-cherry products on farming families’ livelihoods in Colombia and Bolivia. We embedded the research in an institutional analysis and development framework to identify actors and value chains, costs and benefits for farmers, and livelihoods. Then, we adopted an action research approach to bring the different actors together and co-create value-chain improvements for green coffee, roasted coffee, and coffee cherries. Our approach included: (1) interviews, surveys, participant observation, and document analysis; and (2) events, videos, courses, competitions, and a recipe collection for coffee-cherries. We found that direct sale of green coffee to international customers, and sale of roasted coffee in local markets or in farmer-owned coffee shops were the most beneficial value-chain models for coffeegrowing families. The action research approach generated tangible results in terms of product development, value-chain organization, and educational organization. Government and private-sector support should consider the functioning of the entire sector and the social-ecological outcomes from production to consumption.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37831,"journal":{"name":"World Development Perspectives","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100551"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S245229292300067X/pdfft?md5=e8eb924eb14c986479515b8c8177fbe3&pid=1-s2.0-S245229292300067X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138633456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geography of inequality, geography of development: Water politics in India","authors":"Sruthi Herbert","doi":"10.1016/j.wdp.2023.100550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2023.100550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Based on fieldwork conducted in Kerala, India, in this article, I focus on the micropolitics of water – both its infrastructure creation and management strategies. I argue that water becomes a means of social control through its role in reproducing existing social hierarchies. Focusing on Jalanidhi, a world-bank-led water management program and connecting this to the history of development in my fieldsite, I show that structural inequalities of caste and gender are inscribed on development and infrastructure geographies. The article highlights the limitations of both left-led and neoliberal ideas of development and necessarily trouble the dominant narrative about Kerala being an alternative to mainstream ideas of development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37831,"journal":{"name":"World Development Perspectives","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100550"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138633455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}