Xiaoliang Ding , Yongzhi Shi , Kaiyun Xu, Li Zhou, Wenjing Tong, Dongxiao Wang, Yingchun Lyu, Bingkun Guo
{"title":"A modification strategy for 4.6V LiCoO2: Uniform nano-coating and multi-level structure via high-temperature calcination","authors":"Xiaoliang Ding , Yongzhi Shi , Kaiyun Xu, Li Zhou, Wenjing Tong, Dongxiao Wang, Yingchun Lyu, Bingkun Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increasing the charge cut-off voltage is an effective means to boost the energy density of LiCoO<sub>2</sub>. However, high voltage induces severe interfacial side reactions and degradation of the layered structure in LiCoO<sub>2</sub>. The erosion of the interface by the by-product HF exacerbates this process, leading to battery failure. This study proposes suppressing the agglomeration of surface nano-coatings through applying a carbon source in combination with high-temperature calcination and forming a spinel-like transition layer to prevent the shedding of the nano-coating. Consequently, a multi-level modified structure comprising a Ta-O rock-salt phase nano-coating and Ta-Mg-Al gradient co-doped spinel phase is constructed. The uniformly coated Ta-O nano-coating serves as a physical barrier to effectively resist interfacial side reactions and HF corrosion. Additionally, Ta-Mg-Al co-doping that inhibits harmful phase transitions also enhances interfacial transport kinetics. The Ta element doped in the bulk phase inhibits the harmful H1-3 phase transition and stabilizes lattice oxygen. Therefore, the modified LiCoO<sub>2</sub> exhibits excellent electrochemical performance at 4.6 V, with a capacity retention rate of 92.8 % after 100 cycles at 0.5C and a discharge specific capacity of 143.0 m h g<sup>−1</sup> at 10 C. This work provides new ideas for the optimization of lithium-ion batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"660 ","pages":"Article 238477"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenxing Jiang , Qiqi Wan , Endao Zhang , Yingying Liu , Junbo Hou , Min Yang , Xiaodong Zhuang , Changchun Ke
{"title":"Direct methylhydrazine fuel cell enabled by a three-dimensional hierarchical Pd-Ni(OH)2/NF anode","authors":"Wenxing Jiang , Qiqi Wan , Endao Zhang , Yingying Liu , Junbo Hou , Min Yang , Xiaodong Zhuang , Changchun Ke","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a novel direct methylhydrazine fuel cell (DMHFC) utilizing a hydrothermally synthesized Pd-Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub> composite catalyst supported on nickel foam (Pd-Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>/NF) as the anode. The Pd-Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>/NF features a three-dimensional hierarchical architecture with dispersed Pd nanoparticles (0.08 mg cm<sup>−2</sup>) chemically anchored via Pd-O-Ni bonds in the Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub> nanosheet matrix, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analyses. The electrode demonstrates superior electrocatalytic activity for the methylhydrazine oxidation reaction (MHOR), attributed to enhanced active site accessibility, charge transfer efficiency, and optimized mass transport. Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) reveals complete oxidation of hydrazine fragments to N<sub>2</sub> with suppressed NH<sub>3</sub> byproduct formation relative to Pd/C. Systematic optimization of operating conditions yields a peak power density of 30.5 mW cm<sup>−2</sup> (oxygen as the oxidant, 80 °C) and 110 mW cm<sup>−2</sup> (hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant, 80 °C), with performance trade-offs observed between reaction kinetics and fuel crossover. This work validates the feasibility of DMHFC technology, highlighting the potential of methylhydrazine as a high-energy-density fuel for portable systems, while providing insights into electrode design and performance optimization for advanced energy conversion devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"660 ","pages":"Article 238369"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yubo Zou , Dongchuan Yang , Guocong Liu , Jingyi Huang , Chunhua Wang , Shanxing Wang , Shahid Iqbal
{"title":"Confined templated-synthesized graphene/polyaniline hydrogel cathode integrated with aramid nanofiber hydrogel electrolyte toward high-performance Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors","authors":"Yubo Zou , Dongchuan Yang , Guocong Liu , Jingyi Huang , Chunhua Wang , Shanxing Wang , Shahid Iqbal","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZIHCs) have attracted significant attention because of their affordability, battery-like capability and environment friendliness. However, their low specific capacity and irreversible dendrite growth have hindered the practical applications. Herein, graphene/polyaniline hydrogel (GPH5) cathode and aramid nanofiber/ZnSO<sub>4</sub> (ANF/ZnSO<sub>4</sub>) hydrogel electrolyte are respectively fabricated <em>via</em> confined template polymerization in graphene/MnO<sub>2</sub> hydrogel and solvent exchange/immersing process in 2 M ZnSO<sub>4</sub> solution. The confined template strategy using MnO<sub>2</sub> as sacrificial template effectively avoids uneven aniline adsorption in graphene networks. The resulting GPH5 cathode presents rich electrochemical active sites and strong 3D crosslinked network with polyaniline nanofibers and nanofelts tightly anchoring on graphene sheets, achieving favorable specific capacity achieving 456.7 F g<sup>−1</sup> and high rate performance reaching even 84.5 % (1–20 A g<sup>−1</sup>). As-prepared ANF/ZnSO<sub>4</sub> hydrogel electrolyte exhibits high ionic conductivity (3.02 S m<sup>−1</sup>) and mechanical strength, enhancing the ion transport efficiency. Consequently, assembled ZHSCs efficiently suppress Zn dendrite growth and deliver outstanding specific capacity (311.3 F g<sup>−1</sup> or 147.0 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 1 A g<sup>−1</sup>), high energy density (125.0 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup>) and excellent power density (reaching 17000 W kg<sup>−1</sup>). The results reveal ZHSCs consisting of GPH5 cathode and ANF/ZnSO<sub>4</sub> hydrogel electrolyte are promising in new electrochemical storage systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"660 ","pages":"Article 238485"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Early state of Li7La3Zr2O12/Li heterointerface in all-solid-state battery: causality dilemma between crack formation and Li-rich nanodendrites","authors":"Oana Cojocaru-Mirédin , Yucheng Zhou , André Weber , Alexandre Mussi , Dagmar Gerthsen , Bai-Xiang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It has been argued that the Li<sub>7</sub>La<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>12</sub>/Li hetero-interface in all-solid-state batteries is prone to decomposition and degradation during synthesis and cycling, leading to the formation of Li dendrites and their propagation inside the Li<sub>7</sub>La<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>12</sub> bulk. However, the exact formation mechanism of these dendrites, as well as their chemical composition, remains not fully understood until now due to the difficulty of quantifying the Li concentration within the battery materials.</div><div>Therefore, in this work, we employed atom probe tomography in conjunction with advanced transmission electron microscopy to investigate the Li<sub>7</sub>La<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>12</sub> bulk in the vicinity of the Li<sub>7</sub>La<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>12</sub>/Li heterointerface, a region prone to crack formation and propagation. We discovered that numerous Li-nanodendrites are present inside the LLZO bulk close to the Li/LLZO interface and that these nanodendrites appear similar to cracks being filled by Li. Therefore, this study raises a possible dilemma of causality between the crack formation and Li segregation in LLZO grains.</div><div>Interestingly, advanced microscopy investigations prove the existence of a high density of dislocations within LLZO for some grains. Moreover, the finite element modeling suggests that the dislocations’ cores can act as nucleation sites for strong Li segregation, leading to an increase in hydrostatic stress. This implies that this strong Li segregation at the dislocation cores and the resultant high hydrostatic stress might be the cause for the crack formation. Subsequently, Li can be further accumulated at the cracks, forming the Li-nanodendrites.</div><div>It is without doubt that the presence of such microscopic Li-rich nanodendrites in the as-deposited state will lead to the growth and propagation of the well-known macroscopic Li dendrites during cycling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"659 ","pages":"Article 238443"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simultaneous measurements of transient water concentration and voltage response under low-humidity and load-change operation using fiber-optic laser spectroscopy","authors":"Kosuke Nishida , Naoki Yamaya , Toyofumi Umekawa , Masahiro Kawasaki","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective mitigation of membrane dehydration and voltage undershoot in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) under low humidity and load fluctuation requires a detailed understanding of internal water transport. This study employs fiber-optic tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) to simultaneously measure the anode-side water vapor concentration and cell voltage response in a PEFC under such operating conditions. The investigation also evaluates how inlet gas humidification, applied current range, and electrode compression affect water dynamics across the membrane and related voltage behaviors. Findings reveal a close link between voltage transients and water concentration within the anode. A rapid increase in current density causes momentary water loss and voltage drop due to electro-osmotic drag and membrane drying. Enhancing humidification and increasing compression were found to improve water retention, suppress voltage drop, and promote stable operation under these demanding conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"660 ","pages":"Article 238496"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
El Houcine Lahrar, Abdechafik El Harrak, Abdessamad Faik
{"title":"Electrochemical hydrogen storage: Critical parameters and performance drivers","authors":"El Houcine Lahrar, Abdechafik El Harrak, Abdessamad Faik","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrochemical hydrogen storage has emerged as a promising route for safe and reversible hydrogen storage under ambient conditions. However, its performance is highly sensitive to the interplay of electrode design, electrolyte composition, and applied current density. This review systematically evaluates chronopotentiometry studies published from 2010 to 2025, highlighting how experimental parameters govern kinetics, reversibility, and gravimetric capacity. The analysis reveals that over 70 % of high-performing systems employed Ag/AgCl or saturated calomel electrodes, with alkaline electrolytes in the range of 6–7 M KOH offering high ionic conductivity and stability. The reported current densities ranged from 50 to 600 mA/g, with asymmetric charge-discharge protocols improving power output and extending cycle life. Under optimized conditions, gravimetric storage capacities approaching 2.5 wt% were achieved, corresponding to 1500–14000 mAh/g depending on the active material, which is comparable to intermetallic hydrides under milder operating conditions. In addition to the well-known effects of current density and electrolyte concentration, factors such as electrode coating, mixing methods, and cell design can modify storage capacity by more than 20 % in otherwise similar systems. By linking material design, electrolyte selection, and system parameters, this review presents a quantitative roadmap to guide the optimization and future development of electrochemical hydrogen storage solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"658 ","pages":"Article 238481"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rajkiran D. Shivade , Priyanshi Pandey , Manjusha V. Shelke
{"title":"Enhanced oxygen electrocatalysis in zinc-air batteries via a bifunctional bimetallic organic framework","authors":"Rajkiran D. Shivade , Priyanshi Pandey , Manjusha V. Shelke","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst, a nickel-iron metal organic framework (NF-MOF) grown within three-dimensional (3D) nitrogen doped porous carbon (NPC) collectively referred as NF-MOF@NPC, is developed as high performance electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The synergistic effect of bimetallic active sites coupled with conductive nitrogen doped porous carbon matrix, provides chemical stability, abundant active sites, enhanced electron transfer, and improve catalytic activity. NF-MOF@NPC exhibits OER onset potential of 1.60 V at current density of 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> with Tafel slope of 126 mV dec<sup>−1</sup> and ORR half wave potential of 0.81 V with electron transfer number of 3.91. A zinc-air battery fabricated using NF-MOF@NPC shows peak power density of 102 mW cm<sup>−2</sup> and specific capacity of 741 mAh g<sup>−1</sup><sub>Z</sub><sub>n</sub>. It also exhibits remarkable cycling stability for 120 h at current density of 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> highlighting its promise as alternative for conventional platinum on carbon (Pt/C) and ruthenium dioxide (RuO<sub>2</sub>) electrocatalysts demonstrating its potential for next generation energy storage devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"659 ","pages":"Article 238465"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Buse Sert , Ersan Harputlu , Engincan Eroglu , Fatih Tezcan , Mine Ince , Cihan Gecgel , Kasım Ocakoglu
{"title":"Architecting 3D carbon networks: A binder-free route to high-performance energy storage","authors":"Buse Sert , Ersan Harputlu , Engincan Eroglu , Fatih Tezcan , Mine Ince , Cihan Gecgel , Kasım Ocakoglu","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving high capacitance, fast charge-discharge capability, and cycle stability simultaneously in supercapacitor electrodes remains a critical challenge for next-generation energy storage. Here, we present a three-dimensional (3D) reduced graphene hydrogel (RGH) architecture directly bonded to nickel foam (NF) via an optimized simple reduction process without the use of a binder. The resulting RGH/NF electrode exhibits the highest specific surface area (2424.5 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>) reported to date for graphene-based systems, forming interconnected ion channels and a continuous conductive network at the RGH-NF interface. This unique structure provides a record-breaking specific capacitance of 1.208 F/g at 5 mV s<sup>−1</sup>, significantly outperforming conventional graphene electrodes. It demonstrates exceptional durability with a capacitance retention rate of 94.6 % after 10.000 cycles at 3 A g<sup>−1</sup>. When configured as a symmetric supercapacitor, the device achieves an unprecedented combination of energy density (145 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup>) and power density (1.09 kW/kg), outperforming most reported carbon-based systems. These results position 3D RGH, which grows directly on metal frameworks, as a scalable and highly effective strategy for high-performance energy storage technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"660 ","pages":"Article 238472"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emerging strategies on structural and constitutional modifications of zinc anode for enhanced performance in aqueous zinc-ion batteries","authors":"Aliya Toleuova , Dana Kurmangaliyeva , Dauren Batyrbekuly , Kamila Maratova , Nurzhan Umirov , Akbar Dauletbay , Seung-Taek Myung , Zhumabay Bakenov , Aishuak Konarov","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are becoming increasingly popular as an efficient way to store energy due to their low cost, safety and environmental friendliness. Theoretical advantages of aqueous ZIBs are hindered to a large extent by Zn anode issues including dendrite formation and side reactions delaying its large-scale application. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest achievements and prospective advances in the development of anode material for the improved operation of aqueous ZIBs. The review begins with fundamental concepts behind aqueous ZIBs operation with the focus on key challenges that lead to anode deterioration and hence, overall poor performance. Recently, attempts have been made to improve the performance of aqueous ZIBs using various strategies. This study examines effective technological solutions in three main areas of aqueous ZIBs optimization: physical and chemical changes of Zinc anode interface modifications, and electrolyte optimization. There is a lack of thorough assessment of the physical changes of the anode, despite the fact that electrolyte additives and phase interface modifications have attracted a lot of attention and have been thoroughly studied recently. Therefore this article focuses on strategies and justifications for the anode structural modifications that have achieved excellent performance by suppressing dendrite formation and increasing battery efficiency, especially in terms of mechanisms of action. An overview of electrolyte additives and phase interface modifications is also provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"658 ","pages":"Article 238454"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jingran Yang , Zhiqi Zhu , Zhiqin Zhu , Pengyuan Chen , Zhencong Liu , Xiang Zhu , Fang Yi , Santosh K. Tiwari , Sumanta Sahoo
{"title":"Circular economy, challenges and solutions in lithium-ion battery electrolyte and separator recycling","authors":"Jingran Yang , Zhiqi Zhu , Zhiqin Zhu , Pengyuan Chen , Zhencong Liu , Xiang Zhu , Fang Yi , Santosh K. Tiwari , Sumanta Sahoo","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrolytes and separator materials play crucial roles in lithium-ion battery (LIB), providing ion conduction channels and ensuring effective isolation between electrodes to maintain battery safety and stable energy transfer. With the rapid growth of global battery LIB, especially in the fields of electric vehicles and renewable energy storage systems, the recycling of these materials has become particularly important. Recycling LIB electrolytes and separator materials can not only reduce the dependence on rare resources such as lithium and cobalt but also significantly reduce the environmental pollution caused by waste LIBs. However, current recycling technologies have many limitations, such as low recycling efficiency, complex separation and purification processes, high costs, and high energy consumption. This paper discusses these technical challenges in detail and introduces the latest technological progress, including supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> extraction, electrochemical recycling, and new purification processes. These methods show the potential to improve recycling efficiency and reduce environmental impacts. In addition, this paper looks forward to future development directions and emphasizes promoting the LIB industry to move towards a circular economy and sustainable development through technological innovation to simplify the process flow, reduce costs, and improve resource reuse rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"659 ","pages":"Article 238457"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}