Bioprinting最新文献

{"title":"Direct ink writing of 3D scaffold polymeric-bioceramic from sand lobster shells (Panulirus homarus) waste as a sustainable resouce for enhancing in vitro bioactivity","authors":"I Kadek Hariscandra Dinatha ,&nbsp;Juliasih Partini ,&nbsp;Hevi Wihadmadyatami ,&nbsp;Bondan Ardiningtyas ,&nbsp;Yusril Yusuf","doi":"10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Allografts and autografts methods for bone fracture healing remain challenging due to infection and disease transmission risk. Bone grafts from calcium-phosphate bioceramics such as hydroxyapatite (HA; (Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂)) are widely applied in clinical use because HA is the largest compound that makes up bone. However, commercial HA has brittle mechanical properties and lacks inorganic minerals in native bone. Apart from that, conventional methods for bone graft preparation, such as porogen leaching, freeze drying, and foaming, produce inhomogeneous scaffold designs. In this study, we successfully fabricated the 3D printing scaffold composite direct ink writing (DIW) from polymer polycaprolactone (PCL) and bioceramic hydroxyapatite from sand lobster shell (SLS; <em>Panulirus homarus</em>) waste (HA-SLS) which can produce precise pore shapes and scaffold designs. Using new biogenic waste sources from sand lobster shells has a natural Mg ion content of 6.93 % in the form of β-tricalcium-magnesium phosphate (β-TCMP), which can increase its bioactivity. 3D PCL/HA-SLS was varied at 0 %, 10 %, 30 %, and 50 %, and then biomineralization in SBF solution and cell responses to rabbit bone marrow stem cells (rBMSCs) were conducted to evaluate the effect of HA-SLS on scaffold bioactivity. The results show that incorporation of HA-SLS into the PCL can release the bioactive ions Ca, P, and Mg, which provide good biological responses to the rabbit bone marrow stem cells (rBMSCs) for cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenesis differentiation. A higher concentration of HA-SLS can stimulate osteogenesis differentiation of rBMSCs, which is marked by increased alkaline phosphate activity, alizarin red, and bone-related gene expression compared to pure PCL, which can promote bone regeneration. Polymer-bioceramic composites can also improve their mechanical properties by hindering brittle fracture and increasing the toughness and resistance to fracture in the final compression state, so this strategy can obtain good mechanical properties and bioactivity responses in bone tissue engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37770,"journal":{"name":"Bioprinting","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article e00404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics and osteogenic potential of scaffolds with controlled pore geometry obtained by FDM 3D printing technology from resorbable bioplastics","authors":"Galina A. Ryltseva ,&nbsp;Alexey E. Dudaev ,&nbsp;Sergei Y. Lipaikin ,&nbsp;Konstantin A. Kistersky ,&nbsp;Ekaterina I. Shishatskaya ,&nbsp;Tatiana G. Volova","doi":"10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the field of tissue engineering, the architecture of a scaffold plays a critical role in determining how cells behave and how new tissue structures are formed. In this study, we have for the first time developed and compared four different types of 3D printed scaffolds made from biodegradable polymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate). These scaffolds varied in terms of their internal channel topologies, which included triangular, square, and hexagonal geometry, as well as a configuration based on the Hilbert curve. The scaffolds were fabricated via the process of 3D printing using the method of fused deposition modeling, based on pre-designed computer models. The investigation into the proliferation, metabolic activity, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) revealed a substantial impact of scaffold architecture on the dynamics of channel closure. Initially, MSCs tended to adhere and proliferate in regions of high curvature, such as corners of triangular channels or bends of the Hilbert curve-shaped channels. The cells on the scaffolds with a triangular structure of pores exhibited a higher level of metabolic activity and a faster rate of channel closure compared to other structures. At the later stages of cultivation, all types of channels were fully colonized by cells, with no indication of a decrease in metabolic activity. Analysis of osteogenic differentiation revealed that all scaffolds facilitate the differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts; however, on day 14 of cultivation, slightly lower alkaline phosphatase activity was observed on scaffolds with square-shaped channels. On day 28 of cultivation, the scaffolds with the Hilbert curve geometry of channels demonstrated the highest degree of mineralization. Our research is a step forward in the exploration of the design and 3D printing of polyhydroxyalkanoate-based scaffolds with different cell-stimulating geometries for restoration of critical-size bone defects. This research contributes to the development of innovative functional materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37770,"journal":{"name":"Bioprinting","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article e00414"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sterilizing bioinks: Understanding the impact of techniques on 3D bioprinting materials","authors":"Lakshmi Menon ,&nbsp;Dhruv Sanjanwala ,&nbsp;Shivansh Sharma ,&nbsp;Parul ,&nbsp;Ratnesh Jain ,&nbsp;Prajakta Dandekar","doi":"10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural polymers, such as alginate, chitosan, gelatin, and their derivatives, are widely used in formulating bioinks for 3D bioprinting of tissue engineering scaffolds. Due to their natural origin and biodegradable nature, these polymers are highly susceptible to microbial contamination, making effective sterilization crucial. This research paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the effects of various sterilization methods, namely, ultraviolet radiation, autoclaving, ethylene oxide treatment, membrane filtration, and lyophilization, on the physical and chemical properties, bioprinting performance, mechanical strength, and biocompatibility of these polymers. Additionally, experiments have been conducted to assess the impact of sterilization on commonly used viscosity enhancers, such as pectin, xanthan gum, and guar gum, bioactive nanofillers like montmorillonite and hydroxyapatite, and crosslinking agents like calcium chloride, citric acid, glutaraldehyde, and Irgacure 2959, which are other critical components in bioink formulations. The findings highlight that the choice of sterilization method should be tailored to the specific component, considering their physicochemical properties, applications, and practical convenience. This study involves a comprehensive examination of different sterilization techniques for several bioink components, highlighting the importance of selecting an appropriate method to ensure bioink stability. Unlike previous research, it offers a more extensive evaluation by covering a wide range of commonly used bioink constituents and examining the impact of diverse sterilization methods on their stability, thereby offering new insights into optimizing sterilization protocols for enhanced and reproducible bioprinting outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37770,"journal":{"name":"Bioprinting","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article e00399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional meltblowing as a high-speed fabrication process for tendon tissue engineered scaffolds","authors":"Kentaro Umemori ,&nbsp;Benham Pourdeyhimi ,&nbsp;Dianne Little","doi":"10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rotator cuff tears continue to be a critical challenge for successful repair due to the formation of fibrotic scar tissue during healing. Tendon tissue engineering seeks to improve these outcomes using nonwoven fabrication methods to produce biomimetic scaffolds. Meltblowing has several advantages over other nonwoven approaches including non-toxic fabrication processes and being high-throughput and economical, while accurately producing fiber diameters comparable to native tendon microstructure. Recently 3D meltblowing (3DMB) introduced high degrees of tunability to the core process, allowing for production of highly aligned fiber mats at anatomically relevant dimensions. Here, we evaluated 3DMB scaffolds fabricated using poly-L-lactic acid (PLA) and poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) by characterizing scaffold properties before and after culture with human adipose stem cells (hASCs). Mechanical and fiber characterization of 3DMB scaffolds closely resembled tendon microarchitecture by exhibiting high fiber alignment and mechanical anisotropy. hASC-seeded 3DMB scaffolds after 28 days of culture proliferated and deposited aligned tendon-like extracellular matrix. Furthermore, cell culture enhanced the Young's modulus of PLA 3DMB scaffolds and improved yield stress, yield stretch, and stiffness of both 3DMB scaffolds. The proteome of cultured 3DMB scaffolds increased expression of tendon-related proteins after 28 days of culture, but polymer-dependent differences in glycoprotein composition was observed. Together, 3DMB is a promising method for tendon tissue engineering, by showing improved fiber and mechanical properties compared to meltblown scaffolds. However, while an improvement on prior iterations, continued development of this 3DMB technology is needed to better mimic the mechanical properties and biologic composition of native tendon.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37770,"journal":{"name":"Bioprinting","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article e00409"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cryopreservation of vascularizable tissue with temperature-controlled-cryoprinting","authors":"Linnea Warburton ,&nbsp;Angie Cheng ,&nbsp;Boris Rubinsky","doi":"10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Advancements in regenerative medicine have made it possible to fabricate complex, engineered tissues which closely mimic <em>in vivo</em> tissue. As with <em>in vivo</em> tissue, vascularization is crucial for supplying cells in the engineered tissue with nutrients. However, cryopreserving engineered tissues remains challenging due to their large 3D volume. Without effective cryopreservation techniques, it is difficult to use vascularized tissues at scale for drug development or to create banks for patient transplantation. Previously, our group developed Temperature-Controlled-Cryoprinting as a novel technology for simultaneously fabricating and cryopreserving 3D bioprinted tissue. During Temperature-Controlled-Cryoprinting, a cell-laden bioink is printed and frozen layer-by-layer under optimal cooling rates. In this study, we demonstrate that this approach can be used to cryopreserve the cell types which are most sensitive to cryopreservation: primary cells and stem cells. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were encapsulated in a collagen bioink and cryoprinted. The tissues were stored at −80 °C, and then thawed at 37 °C. After thawing, the HUVECs and hMSCs naturally self-assembled into hollow capillaries, creating vascularized tissue. Analysis with Fiji found that vascular network formation was not impeded by cryopreservation and resembled that of a non-cryopreserved tissue. The ability to cryopreserve vascularizable tissue is an important advance, as it allows these tissues to become a shelf-stable product that can be shipped or stored long-term.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37770,"journal":{"name":"Bioprinting","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article e00411"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural macromolecule-based bioinks for 3D bioprinting: A systematic review of composition, physicochemical characterization, and biomedical applications","authors":"Tatiana Muñoz-Castiblanco ,&nbsp;Juan P. Moreno-Marín ,&nbsp;Marlon Osorio","doi":"10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is an advanced technology that enables the precise fabrication of tissue-like structures using bioinks, offering advantages such as enhanced customization, scalability, and the potential to revolutionize fields like regenerative medicine, drug testing, and organ transplantation. This systematic review focuses on bioprinting techniques, particularly those used bioinks based on natural macromolecules (NMs) and their applications in biomedical fields. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across Scopus, PubMed Medline, and Embase, resulting in 193 identified studies, of which 86 met the inclusion criteria. Eligibility screening was performed using the software Rayyan. The findings revealed that extrusion-based bioprinting and the development of customized bioinks are prevalent in current research. NMs play a fundamental role in bioprinting due to their ability to mimic the extracellular matrix, enhancing cell adhesion and tissue integration. However, challenges such as variability in molecular properties and crosslinking efficiency highlight the need for standardized bioink characterization methods. Emerging trends in hybrid bioinks, which combine NMs with extracellular matrix components, show promising for applications in regenerative medicine, personalized therapies, and disease modeling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37770,"journal":{"name":"Bioprinting","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article e00407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies for fabricating multi-material bone tissue constructs","authors":"Yusuf Olatunji Waidi","doi":"10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bone is a complex hierarchical tissue with diverse functions that presents numerous challenges for engineering replacements due to its need for structural support and interaction with surrounding tissue for healing. The complexity of its architecture, composition, and biological signaling presents formidable challenges in engineering functional replacements. Traditional bone grafts often suffer from limitations such as donor site morbidity and limited availability, driving the pursuit of advanced biomaterials for bone tissue engineering (BTE). This review highlights the potential of multi-material design as a strategic approach to overcome these limitations by recapitulating the native bone microenvironment. It begins by establishing a foundational understanding of bone's complex structure, current clinical treatment modalities, and the fundamental principles of multi-material design within the context of BTE. Specifically, it delves into the diverse landscape of biomaterials employed, including ceramics for osteoconductivity, polymers for tunable mechanical properties, and metals for load-bearing applications. It then comprehensively explores recent advancements in multi-material scaffolds, highlighting innovative fabrication techniques like 3D printing, electrospinning, and bioprinting, as well as the synergistic combinations of materials that enhance osteogenesis and vascularization. Finally, it addresses this promising approach's current limitations and future perspectives, emphasizing the need for improved in vivo performance and translation to clinical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37770,"journal":{"name":"Bioprinting","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article e00405"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New trends in 3D and 4D printed dental and orthopedic Implants: Methods, applications and future directions","authors":"Amirhossein Moghanian ,&nbsp;Parviz Asadi ,&nbsp;Mostafa Akbari ,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Mohammad Aliha ,&nbsp;Ahmet Akif Kizilkurtlu ,&nbsp;Ali Akpek ,&nbsp;Sirus Safaee","doi":"10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review explores the emerging trends in 3D and 4D printing technologies for dental and orthopedic implants, highlighting innovative methods, diverse applications, and potential future developments. Integrating advanced materials and printing techniques has revolutionized the customization and production of implants, enabling tailored solutions that enhance patient outcomes. Meanwhile, the review examines the current landscape of additive manufacturing in the medical field, focusing on how these technologies improve implants' design, functionality, and biocompatibility. Additionally, this review discusses the implications of 4D printing, which introduces dynamic properties to implants, allowing for adaptive responses to environmental stimuli. Future directions include the exploration of bioactive materials and the potential for <em>in-situ</em> printing in surgical settings, paving the way for more efficient and personalized healthcare solutions. Eventually, this study aims to provide insights into the transformative impact of 3D and 4D printing on the field of dental and orthopedic medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37770,"journal":{"name":"Bioprinting","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article e00406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D printed osteoporotic bone model validated in dynamic culture","authors":"Elisa Batoni ,&nbsp;Nikoleta N. Tavernaraki ,&nbsp;Varvara Platania ,&nbsp;Carmelo De Maria ,&nbsp;Maria Chatzinikolaidou ,&nbsp;Giovanni Vozzi","doi":"10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Osteoporosis is a worldwide bone disease characterized by reduced bone mass and an alteration of bone architecture, leading to bone fragility and an increased risk of fractures. Although animal models are still the gold standard for studying and testing new anti-osteoporotic drugs, they are expensive and unable to reproduce the in vivo conditions accurately, thus making their replacement with alternative methods an urgent need. In the field of bone tissue engineering, pathological three-dimensional (3D) in vitro bone models have been recently considered to overcome economic and ethical issues associated with traditional pre-clinical testing methods. As a result, this study aimed to design a 3D in vitro model of osteoporotic bone consisting of 3D printed scaffolds that resemble the architectural and bone mineral content differences between physiological and osteoporotic bone, and pre-osteoblastic cells seeded onto the scaffolds. A physiological 3D in vitro bone model was designed and printed as a control condition. A comprehensive physicochemical characterization of unseeded scaffolds was conducted in terms of mechanical and thermal properties, swelling behaviour, degradation, and morphology examination under scanning electron microscopy. Cell-seeded physiological and osteoporotic bone scaffolds were cultured under mechanical stimulation to mimic the mechanical forces experienced daily by human bones. The application of mechanical stimuli had a significantly positive effect on the osteogenic differentiation of the pre-osteoblastic cells, with cell-seeded osteoporotic scaffolds reporting the lowest values, thus resembling the reduction in bone formation in osteoporotic patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37770,"journal":{"name":"Bioprinting","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article e00410"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143759450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of correction factors for 3D printing errors in FEM simulations for the precise mechanical analysis of single-layer auxetic scaffolds using a wavy pattern for tissue engineering","authors":"Giorgia Prosperi ,&nbsp;Jacobo Paredes ,&nbsp;Javier Aldazabal","doi":"10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bprint.2025.e00401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biofabrication through additive manufacturing plays a key role in tissue engineering, particularly in the creation of scaffolds with porous structures that mimic the properties of native human tissues. These scaffolds are typically designed assuming ideal geometries without defects. However, during the production process, various defects can arise that affect the mechanical properties of the structure. Such defects include filament deposition irregularities, interactions with previously printed layers, and factors like temperature, layer height, and printing speed.</div><div>This study focuses on the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique, where material is added layer by layer to create six auxetic structure models, referred to as the “wavy” model. Each model consists of single-filament geometries with varying curve amplitudes, which were 3D-printed and subjected to both experimental tensile testing and computational simulations. The goal of the experimental tests was to determine Young’s modulus (E) and Poisson’s ratio, while the computational simulations were performed using the Finite Element Method (FEM) to simulate ideal geometries for validation and to correct experimental errors.</div><div>The in silico stiffness was found to be consistently lower than the experimental results. Upon inspection of the printed structures using confocal microscopy, two main errors were identified: the intersection area of the filaments was larger than expected in the printed plane, and the overlap in the transversal section was incomplete. Based on these observations, two correction factors were derived to adjust the FEM simulations, improving the alignment between computational and experimental results.</div><div>By incorporating these correction factors, the discrepancy between experimental and simulated results was reduced from 14% to 3%. This approach provides a novel framework for enhancing the accuracy of mechanical characterizations of auxetic scaffolds, with a particular focus on their application in tissue engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37770,"journal":{"name":"Bioprinting","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article e00401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143631724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}