Ethics, Medicine and Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Bioterrorism and CBRNe threats: The role of Ebola in global security","authors":"G.M. Ludovici ,&nbsp;P.A. Tassi ,&nbsp;A. Iannotti ,&nbsp;C. Russo ,&nbsp;R. Quaranta ,&nbsp;G. Manenti ,&nbsp;A. Malizia","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aim</h3><div>The Ebola virus poses a critical threat to global public health due to its high lethality and transmissibility. Beyond natural outbreaks, concerns persist about its potential exploitation as a biological weapon (BW) in bioterrorism.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study adopted a scoping review methodology (PRISMA-ScR framework) to map evidence on Ebola as a bioterrorism agent and CBRNe countermeasures. PubMed, Web of Science, and JSTOR were searched (2010–2025). Data were thematically analyzed using NVivo 14 to identify protocols, gaps, and case studies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The implications of a potential use of EBOVs in a bioterrorist attack, analyzing the vulnerabilities of health systems and the possible socio-economic consequences, and proposing a CBRNe approach as an integrated operational framework for managing such threats were analyzed. Originally developed to deal with large-scale multidisciplinary incidents, the CBRNe approach provided a structured model for early detection, risk mitigation and coordinated response, involving several international agencies and expertise. Through the integration of CBRNe protocols, combined with biosecurity measures, specialized training and advanced monitoring technologies, it has been observed how preparedness and resilience of health and public safety systems can be improved.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Preliminary results have been obtained show how this new type of approach enables improved and more effective management of emergencies, especially in health care. Furthermore, this work has been demonstrated the importance of international collaboration and investments in research to effectively prevent and counter the potential use of EBOV as a BW, ensuring a rapid and coordinated response in the event of an emergency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmaceutical medicine advertising regulations in Australia, Japan, the United States, and India: An overview","authors":"N. Parihar ,&nbsp;V.B. Pokharkar ,&nbsp;V.L. Gaikwad","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The advertising of pharmaceuticals is regulated by specific laws and codes of practice in Australia, Japan, the United States, and India.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The present review focuses on the similarities and differences in the regulations on advertisements for the promotion of pharmaceuticals in Australia, Japan, the United States, and India.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The pharmaceutical advertising regulations for four regions were collected, compiled, and compared to study the similarities and differences therein.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>If an advertisement is issued in breach of the code of practice and law, it is looked after by regulators. The company faces various penalties for non-compliance with the advertisement governing rules. The information required in an advertisement targeting healthcare providers and consumers is strictly regulated and restricted.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>There is country to country variations in restrictions imposed over advertising non-prescription, and prescription medicines to the public. Moreover, regulatory agencies have implemented precise laws, rules, and guidance to control social media usage by pharmaceutical companies for advertising purposes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer’s “Right to be forgotten”: Comparison of medico-legal parameters in 8 EU countries","authors":"M. Marrone,&nbsp;M. Rainò,&nbsp;F. Pititto,&nbsp;G. Pulin,&nbsp;E. Paladini,&nbsp;B.P. De Luca,&nbsp;C. Angeletti,&nbsp;A. Dell’Erba,&nbsp;R. Bellacicco","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cancer’s ‘Right to be forgotten’ is a form of protection that several EU countries are beginning to recognise for citizens, aimed at ensuring the correspondence between the clinical recovery of a cancer patient and equal access to financial services, banking, insurance and child adoption procedures. The first EU country to enact an oncology oblivion law was France in 2016. Subsequently, other EU countries enacted specific laws on oncological forgetting. The EU Parliament intervened on the topic in 2022, which passed Resolution No. 2020/2267 (INI) calling on all member countries to amend national legislation by 2025. With this resolution, the EU Parliament asked member states to guarantee the right to be forgotten to all patients after 10 years after the end of cancer treatment and after 5 years for patients under 18 years of age.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>The aim of this paper is to compare the regulations of 8 EU countries (France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Spain, Portugal, Romania and Italy) and the different medico-legal parameters adopted.</div></div><div><h3>Results/Discussion</h3><div>The study demonstrated a heterogeneity of tumour-specific medico-legal parameters in the analysed countries. The reason for this heterogeneity could be influenced by a different prevalence and incidence of the tumour forms in the tables and by a different health, insurance and banking organisation, as well as by a different sensitivity of the political decision-maker to the demands of citizens and stakeholders.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A common European reflection between scientific professionals, stakeholders, legislators and patients' representatives is desirable and could lead to a homogeneity of tumour-specific cut-offs between EU countries. Furthermore, the table should be updated periodically by a commission of specialists responsible for comparing states; other possible tumour forms should be considered (e.g. adrenal gland cancer, gallbladder cancer, etc.) and it should be possible to integrate the tabular data with a possible case-specific evaluation upon request of the patient.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of The Malaria and its associated factors in setting of Yeki District, Southwestern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study","authors":"T. Eshetu ,&nbsp;M. Mola ,&nbsp;A. Ayiza ,&nbsp;S. Getachew ,&nbsp;J.S. Dhole ,&nbsp;V.B Kalyankar ,&nbsp;S.T. Hajare","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In many tropical and sub-tropical regions, human malaria is a widespread and sometimes fatal illness. Malaria outbreaks are thus significant public health problems. If utilized properly, insecticide treated nets (ITN) are the most effective malaria prevention measure. However, current usage is still too low. As a result, the aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of malaria and its risk factors in Yeki District, Southwestern Ethiopia.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>Nine hundred and two participants in a community based cross sectional study were chosen ny using a systematic random sampling procedure. Thin and thick Giemsa stained blood smears were examined under the microscope to diagnose malaria infection, and a malarial Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) was performed to identify malaria parasite species. Additionally, pre-tested structured questions were utilized to gauge the respondents' degree of knowledge and awareness of malaria as well as their socio-demographic characteristics. Furthermore, pre-tested structured questions were employed to assess the respondents' level of knowledge and awareness regarding malaria, as well as their socio-demographic information.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The findings from the RDT test and microscopic examination indicate that the overall malaria prevalence in the study area was 33.6% and 38.2%, respectively. The microscopy test revealed that the prevalence of Pf and Pv was 18.7% and 19.5%, respectively. On the other hand RDT test for malaria showed that 18.4% P. vivax and 15.1% P. vivax and 15.1% P. falciparium. The majority of the population infected by malaria visits a health center three times per year and pays 300–400 birr ($6–$8) for a single course of treatment. ITN was the most effective malaria prevention strategy at the home level, but only 79.4% of people had access to them, and most people only used them rarely and during malaria seasons Plasmodium vivax was shown to be the predominant species in the study region. The lack of ITNs, how ITNs are used, and the existence of mosquito breeding grounds near homes are the risk factors for malaria prevalence in the study population.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Malaria remains a public health problem in the study localities. The absence of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), the manner in which ITNs are utilized, and the presence of mosquito breeding sites near residences are factors contributing to the prevalence of malaria in the population studied. It is advised to implement standard health education and sustainable health policies to inform and engage the community about the methods of transmission, prevention, and management of the disease in the specified area to enhance disease control efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101087"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How are surgical and clinical innovations in medical practice defined for the purpose of determining regulatory jurisdiction and oversight responsibility?: A scoping review","authors":"A. Zarzeczny ,&nbsp;C. Bradley ,&nbsp;L. Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Various jurisdictions such as the US, Canada, and the UK have regulatory frameworks overseeing pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and medical research, with categorization determining authority and responsibility for oversight. Unclear categorization poses health policy concerns, potentially hindering progress in fields like regenerative medicine.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>This scoping review aims to clarify how surgical and clinical innovations, as well as medical practices, are defined for regulatory purposes. It maps current literature, clarifies key concepts, and provides a descriptive analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The review elucidates key concepts related to the characterization and oversight of new medical interventions, highlighting inconsistencies, and identifying gaps needing clarity in regulation and characterization in medical practices.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Addressing ambiguity in oversight is crucial. Clarifying definitions can enhance governance, advance medical interventions, promote innovation, and ensure patient safety in emerging biomedical fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101044"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aging and autonomy","authors":"M. Rebourg","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Faced with the challenge posed to public policy by the increasing longevity of people living with or without loss of autonomy, mostly in their own homes, France has recently adopted various pieces of legislation. These texts give priority to home care, the promotion of decision-making autonomy and respect for rights and freedoms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101053"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Under the umbrella of epistemic injustice communication and epistemic injustice in clinical encounters: a critical scoping review","authors":"Liz Jonas ,&nbsp;Sondra Bacharach ,&nbsp;Sarah Nightingale ,&nbsp;Sara Filoche","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2024.101039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2024.101039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Concordant communication between a patient and healthcare practitioner is a critical proponent of effective care. Prejudiced communication from healthcare practitioners creates vulnerability for Epistemic Injustice and is a barrier to Culturally Safe Care. The language used to detect, address and mitigate instances of Epistemic Injustice during clinical interactions is currently unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This review seeks to address this gap by assessing current understandings of Epistemic Injustice during patient-healthcare practitioner clinical interactions and suggest pathways to promote health equity policy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study utilized Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review methodology and Grant and Booth’s critical appraisal framework to review articles from four databases: WEB of Science, SCOPUS, PsycINFO and Medline. Following a literature review to inform inclusion criteria, studies were assessed for detectable themes of Epistemic Injustice in relation to patient-healthcare practitioner communication during clinical encounters.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Initially, 2729 studies were identified, and 44 studies were included. Two major themes are discussed in this review: (1) Types of Epistemic Injustice and (2) Counterparts of Epistemic Injustice.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Currently, literature does not directly discuss experiences of clinical Epistemic Injustice, rather discussion occurs across a network of similar linguistic identifiers, which hinders detection and subsequent mitigation of Epistemic Injustice in clinical settings. By modeling a definition for clinical Epistemic Injustice, educational resources from which patients, practitioners and policy developers alike can draw from are suggested. Basing future mitigation strategies on these findings supports pathways to reducing health disparity, especially for marginalized communities, and promoting equity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101039"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why we must reread Aeschylus? Public policy and asylum law","authors":"Philippe Charlier","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101056","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101056"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BYOD use and perception among hospital clinicians – A qualitative study","authors":"T.A. Wani ,&nbsp;A. Mendoza ,&nbsp;K. Gray","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2024.101031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2024.101031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The increasing trend of healthcare professionals using personal devices for work, termed Bring-Your-Own-Device (BYOD), is becoming prevalent in hospitals. Despite its growing importance, there is limited empirical research addressing the real-world experiences of clinicians in using BYOD.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study seeks to explore clinicians' perception and behavior with respect to BYOD use in Australian hospitals, focusing on socio-technical aspects and its impact on clinical and administrative work.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fourteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with clinicians in Australian hospitals. The framework method was applied to perform a thematic analysis, identifying key socio-technical themes related to BYOD usage.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Clinicians reported using BYOD for various tasks, with smartphones being the most preferred device over tablets or laptops. While smartphones were favored for their convenience, laptops were used for complex tasks like viewing radiological images, and tablets were rarely utilized. The multifunctionality and convergence of BYOD devices were seen as facilitators for mobility and productivity, contributing to cost and time savings. However, significant barriers were identified, including increased risks of patient information leaks, challenges in maintaining work-life balance, and concerns about hospital-acquired infections. The study also found that doctors rated BYOD highly for its efficiency across various settings, while nurses experienced more issues with distractions and boundary management. Allied health professionals' use varied by specialty.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Findings from the study provide crucial insights into the advantages and challenges of BYOD usage in hospitals. These insights can help shape policies and management strategies to support secure and effective BYOD practices in healthcare settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101031"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An anthropological study of the perception of the aesthetical, dermatological and psychological consequences of skin aging and the change of appearance","authors":"Laurel McEwen ,&nbsp;Corinne Déchelette ,&nbsp;Stéphane Fauverghe","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2024.101040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2024.101040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Each person \"experiences\" the change in appearance due to skin aging in a different way, more or less positively, negatively, passively or actively. Since the perception of skin aging has individual and cultural variables, this study aims to explore (1) the perception of changes in appearance linked to skin aging and the correspondence between real and perceived age and its link with personality; and (2) the relationship with invasive and non-invasive aesthetic procedures and the level of information regarding these dermatological and medical practices.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>A semi-structured online survey of 15 questions was conducted. 1,303 total responses were collected from respondents representing 54 countries and reflecting the 5 sociological age groups (Gen Z, Millennials, Gen X, Baby boomers, the Silent generation) with a sex repartition of 60% women, 40% men and 3 non-binary persons.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results indicate that the majority (55%) of participants in all age groups believe that their skin begins to age between 21 and 30 years of age and that wrinkles are the first sign of age (675/1303). A significant number of respondents in Asia (31%), South America (22%), and South-East Asia (21%) selected ages under 21 years of age as appropriate for beginning aesthetic procedures; while this proportion was lower in North America (19%) and Western Europe (13%), and significantly low in the Middle East (7%) and Eastern Europe (6%). We found a 58% correspondence between real age and perceived age of the skin for both men and women; with 33% estimating that their skin looks younger, and 85% considering that their skin reflects their personality. 48% of the respondents do not use aesthetic procedures.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The skin is a very specific organ; due to its social role, each person must deal with their “social skin” throughout their life. The social pressure of appearance is present at all ages, even in adolescence with the additional pressure of social media. This coupled with our increasing life span, accentuates the challenge to preserve beauty capital as much as possible, using every available cosmetic and aesthetic solution, as long as it is carried out ethically by qualified professionals with respect for our personalities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101040"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}