Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française最新文献

{"title":"Étude d’un fossé et d’architectures en terre fondés au milieu du 3e millénaire av. J.-C. sur le plateau des Costières (Garons, Gard, France)","authors":"Benoît Sendra, M. Onfray, A. D. Pascale, M. Orgeval, Laurent Bruxelles","doi":"10.3406/bspf.2019.15027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/bspf.2019.15027","url":null,"abstract":"EnglishThe purpose of this paper is the detailed study of one of the excavations that has marked the evolution of Fontbouisse of MITRA III located in Garons (Gard, France) whilst focussing on the development and the disappearance of enclosures in the south of France.The site located near to a site known as Puech Ferrier, an unpublished enclosure of MITRA III excavated in 2011, was first excavated in 2012 within the framework of preventive archaeology. This exploration of a 5000 m² surface revealed the southern part and the entrance of an installation delimited by at least two ditches which succeed one another, datingto a period between the 27th and 24th centuries BC that includes the development of the culture of Fontbouisse, the Campaniforme (Bell Beaker) and the emergence of the early Bronze (BA2). A network of three concentric ditches, the innermost enclosure being the oldest, makes up the first enclosure, where an interruption in the ditches allows access to the site. A later much larger wider and deeper ditch cuts across the first enclosure.The paper focusses on the study of this ditch and its fill, which is the only enclosed site dating to the Late Neolithic in the south of France. Observed over nearly 90 m, this ditch delimits the southern part of the site. It contains fragments of mudbrick over a silty ashy layer the anthracological spectrum of which contains mainly by oak. Based on the results of stratigraphic and soil micromorphology, a phased filling of the ditch can be proposed. Micro and macroscopic characterization of the earthen elements found in the ditch have specified the nature of the cob and wattle and daub and the demolished structure they came from.The findings reveal that the ditch remained open for a relatively short period of time, after which a cob structure, perhaps a wall, was installed, the base of which is preserved in a portion of the ditch. The ditch was then filled in by the destruction of another earthen and wood structure.This architecture could have been used to strengthen the monumental aspect of the enclosure, the hypothesis being that it copied a layout observed on other Fontbuxien settlements. A violent fire subsequently destroyed this ditch-wall enclosure and a possible adjoining building. Following on from this event, the ditch was re-dug before being filled in after the site is abandoned.The exact dating of the ditch and the destruction of the earthen wall remain imprecise.Some elements found in the lower ditch fill date to the first phase of the Fontbouisse culture. They stylistically refer productions from the plain of Herault and Gard. However, the destruction of the earthen architecture is dated by radiocarbon analysis and pottery found in the upper layers and the discovery of a sherd with international style decoration gives a later dating range of between 2450 and 2250 cal. BC. This enclosure and its destruction constitute a milestone in Fontbouisse and Late Neolithic chronology. Its foundation and","PeriodicalId":375388,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129322407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"L’habitat Néolithique final de Beau Phare à Aiguebelette-le-Lac (Savoie) : nouvelles approches méthodologiques de la planimétrie d’un village littoral de l’arc alpin","authors":"R. Brigand, Y. Billaud","doi":"10.3406/bspf.2019.15052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/bspf.2019.15052","url":null,"abstract":"EnglishThe site of Aiguebelette-le-Lac / Beau-Phare is one of two final Neolithic settlement sites on Lake Aiguebelette. It is located in the southern part of the lake, on an extension of the shore platform, which forms a small peninsula to the north of Lepin Castel. Situated in shallow water (between 0.5 and 2 m in depth), the site was first identified in 1863 and was a focus for artefact collecting until the beginning of the 20th century. Following the inclusion of the site on the Unesco list of World Heritage Sites in 2011, Y. Billaud undertook the direction of a monitoring project, which included a condition assessment and bibliographic survey of the site conducted in 2016. A review of data produced by R. Laurent (1971) and A. Marguet (1983 and 1998), coupled with a short fieldwork campaign, significantly advanced our knowledge of the site. The extent of the site was established and an entrance path, which traversed three palisades, was identified and mapped. An area of 100 m² at the centre of the site was surveyed, bringing the total area recorded to 230 m². As part of the continuing exploration of the site, an underwater survey was carried out in 2018. The aim of this campaign was to plot the surviving timber piles in order to obtain an overview of the layout of the village. Prior to the recording of the piles, a 3600 m² grid was laid out. Depending on the area of the site and the density of piles, each 10x10 m square was subdivided into four intermediate units, each measuring 25 m². Some 1401 piles were plotted within an area 2600 m², which brings the number of recorded piles to 1670 out of a total of about 3000 for the entire site. The survey report throws considerable new light on the layout of the site. The gently curving access trackway crosses the village and extends as far as the northern extremity of the peninsula. It is formed by two parallel rows of piles, positioned some 1.6 to 2 m apart. The line of the path has been traced over a distance of about 90 m. Located to the east of the central axis of the peninsula, the trackway slopes gently upwards (0.7%) as far as the inner palisade before rising more steeply at the entrance to the village. It is formed of almost 290 piles, which are predominantly small in diameter and protrude only slightly above the sediments. The most evident entrance to the village is located on the axis of this trackway. It is formed of two rows of contiguous piles, which form a narrow bottleneck measuring less than 1 m in width. Some dendrochronological dates suggest it was built with trees felled in -2672. At least three palisades have been identified, representing several phases of building and re-building. The outer palisade forms the first enclosing element, which would have been encountered by approaching the site from the south. On the western side of the trackway, a single line of posts can be observed while to the east three roughly parallel lines are visible. The middle palisade features a marked di","PeriodicalId":375388,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française","volume":"170 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114464795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Les puits de l’âge du Bronze du Parc d’Activités du Pays d’Erstein (Bas-Rhin, Alsace) : des analyses dendroarchéologiques à l’ étude de l’occupation du sol","authors":"Christophe Croutsch, W. Tegel, E. Rault","doi":"10.3406/bspf.2019.15055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/bspf.2019.15055","url":null,"abstract":"EnglishBetween 2006 and 2014, several preventive archaeological surveys of an area of 55 ha were carried out before the development of the Parc d'Activites du Pays d'Erstein. The excavations brought to light more than three hundred, mainly domestic, features (e.g. pits, silos, storage vessels, large pits associated with wells) dating to the Bronze Age. The excavation also revealed periods of human activity during the Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age (Late Beaker Culture/Bz A1) transition, the Middle Bronze Age (Bz A2-B1 then Bz C) and the Late Bronze Age (Bz D and Ha A2-B1). One of the particularities of the site is the excellent preservation of wood in the waterlogged conditions of the wells. These included eight linings, built from logs or hollowed tree trunks. Construction pits used to dig the wells contained three types of well linings that reached the ground water level: tube linings using hollowed out trunk sections, vertically planted planks and chest-like well linings using timber logs. The latter construction types were found in the same pit. Three linings consisted of hollow trunks probably using old trees. The chest-like linings used logs cut in half, whole logs or planks. The planks were split out of trunks in a radial or tangential direction. Only one lining used vertically planted planks (slabs). The exceptionally well-preserved timbers allowed sampling and analyses of 465 waterlogged wooden finds. In total 411 wood samples were anatomically identified including eight species. Oak (Quercus sp.) dominated the species assemblage, followed by maple (Acer sp.), hazel (Corylus sp.) and beech (Fagus sp.). For the purpose of dendrochronological dating only oak timbers with more than 20 tree rings were analysed and it was possible to date 113 timbers. In 48 samples the outermost ring beneath the bark (waney edge) was preserved, allowing the determination of the felling year of the used trees. Moreover, the cross dating of the 113 tree-ring width series enabled the development of three site chronologies, which could be absolutely dated based on high visual and statistical agreement with different regional oak master chronologies. The first chronology includes 12 series and covers the period 2354-2215 BC, the second is based on 40 series covering the period 2131-1571 BC, and the third with 62 series could be synchronised between 1320 and 1002 BC. The use period of the wells varies considerably from only a few years to several decades and in the case of wells that are regularly reused the period of use could be considerably longer. For some of the wells it has been possible to estimate the minimum duration of use and in many cases, these long-lived structures were used for several generations. Owing to the high quantity and quality of dendrochronological data, the archaeological site of the the Parc d'Activites du Pays d'Erstein offers new insights into settlement dynamics and occupation periods with an unusually precise chronological resolutio","PeriodicalId":375388,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127552791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Funerary red (cinnabar versus ochre) and megalithic rituals in the central Iberian peninsula. The hypogean necropolis of Valle de las Higueras, Huecas, Toledo, Spain","authors":"P. Bueno-Ramírez, Rosa Barroso Bermejo, Rodrigo de Balbín Behrmann","doi":"10.3406/bspf.2019.14983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/bspf.2019.14983","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":375388,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122004677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupations humaines et chronostratigraphie du gisement pléistocène d’Illiers-Combray (Eure-et-Loir, France) De nouveaux éléments pour le SIM 5b","authors":"Quentin Borderie, G. Chamaux, Sebastian Kreutzer, É. Delacroix","doi":"10.3406/bspf.2019.14980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/bspf.2019.14980","url":null,"abstract":"EnglishBetween 2012 and 2015, five successive archaeological campaigns were led by the Department of archaeology of Eure-et-Loir, on the Illiers-Combray plateau, 1 km to the east of the river Loir. Middle Palaeolithic remains were discovered in a Pleistocene loess-palaeosoils sequence, extending over an area of more than 10 km?. This Early Weichselian site constitutes a major discovery, due to the good preservation of the artefacts and the sparse data in the south-west of the Paris basin. During the archaeological survey, trenches were dug down to the bedrock every 25 m to 50 m, which revealed lithic remains over the entire research area, while neither bones nor organic remains were preserved due to the low pH value of the soils. The geoarchaeological approach combines sedimentology, micromorphology and luminescence dating (OSL, post-IR IRSL, TL) of sediments and burned flint artefacts. Lithic artefacts were found isolated or in clusters of dozens of pieces at a depth comprised between 0.70 m and 2 m. Three main sectors were identified. The sector n° 1, situated to the north-east of the town, comprises of 59 lithic artefacts in small clusters of about 10 pieces per square meter over an area of 4500 m? area. The sector n° 2, 500 m to the south, delivered 261 artefacts spread over an area of 3.6 ha. The third sector, covering an area of 0.4 km?, is the largest of the three sectors and is located to the south-east of the two other areas. 186 lithic artefacts were found in this area. The Pleistocene loess-palaeosoil sequence is homogeneous and well preserved on the plateau. It covers at least three glacial-interglacial cycles (Saalian, Eemian and Wechselian) and can be divided into 15 units. At the base, the Saalian strata (unit 11 to 15) are above the ?€?argile a silex?€? tertiary formation (unit 16). The OSL age of the unit 11 is 218.6 ± 49.6 ky. Saalian strata are marked by huge ice wedges and hydromorphy. The Eemian strata show a well preserved pseudomorph of an ancient tree windthrow (unit 9) located in a luvisol (unit 8 and 10). OSL dating of the unit 10 gives 121.0 ± 15.7 ky. The Early Weichselian strata are comprised of three units 7.1, 7.2 and 7.3. The majority of the artefacts is contained in the unit 7b, which is rich in ferro-manganic nodules. However, some artefacts were also found in the 7a and 7c units, as well as in the ice wedges which cut through the Early Weichselian strata. The top of the sequence is characterised by decarbonated loess deposits in which a luvisol has developed. The lithic material is in excellent condition and numerous refi ttings testify a good preservation within the archaeologi- cal layers. The analysis of these remains suggests a concomitance of several operating production chains, to manufac- ture fl akes, blades and points as well as an operating chain for bifacial shaping. The identifi ed production methods are convergent unipolar, parallel unipolar, Levallois and discoid debitage. However, tools made out o","PeriodicalId":375388,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121633137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Du Bout-du-Monde (Les Eyzies, Dordogne, France) jusqu’à Neuchâtel (Suisse) : itinéraire et nature d’une collection d’art mobilier paléolithique (collection Vogt, Laténium)","authors":"François-Xavier Chauvière, Marc-Antoine Kaeser","doi":"10.3406/bspf.2020.15105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/bspf.2020.15105","url":null,"abstract":"EnglishThe Vogt collection of the Latenium (Neuchâtel, Switzerland) includes six pieces of engraved and/or sculpted Paleolithic portable art, either completely unpublished or only published in part. These finds come from Le Bout-du-Monde rock shelter (Les Eyzies, Dordogne, France), which was excavated between 1908 and 1910 by a certain Lucas, an assistant teacher at Les Eyzies and subsequently in 1945 by Denis Peyrony (1869-1954), who recorded the archaeo-sequence and the stratigraphy of the site. The stratigraphy was made up of four sedimentary layers, numbered from A to D from top to bottom (D- earth and scree : 0.40 m thick; C- river sands containing archaeological material: 0.30 m thick; B- Dry calcareous scree from the desquamation of the shelter walls, with fluvial sands: 0.50 cm thick; A- fluvial sands, with some calcareous scree with blunt edges. In this level, Peyrony reported the presence of a reindeer antler: 1.55 m thick) and the bedrock. While there is a possible presence of the Middle phase of the Magdalenian, the Upper and Final stages of the Magdalenian, as well as the Azilian, are, on the other hand, well documented and used by most authors to date the artefacts unearthed at Le Bout-du-Monde. The Vogt collection consists of a collection of different objects. A broken perforated baton made of reindeer antler (Rangifer tarandus) engraved with five bison heads in left profile and a stallion horse seen in right profile. A fragment of horse scapula (Equus caballus) engraved with a horse?€?s head in right profile used the spongy tissue of the bone to depict the animal's mane. A reindeer in left profile appears on a fragment of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) right mandible. A one end of a hemi-rib from an animal larger than a reindeer is engraved and sculpted in the shape of a fish tail, perhaps from the salmon family. Moreover, there is a diaphysis portion of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) tibia, engraved with a multitude of non-figurative drawings, made prior to the probable figuration of a feline. A limestone pebble depicts a deer with a disproportionate body (a female), next to which a fawn appears in a sitting position. Comparing these objects with the unpublished records made by Henri Breuil (1877-1961) and kept in the central library of the Museum national d'histoire naturelle of Paris (Breuil iconographic collection) shows that the engraved and sculpted artefacts have been well preserved. However, the surfaces of certain objects such as the broken perforated baton made from reindeer antler have deteriorated, as some marks seem to have disappeared over time. Finally, a schist plate engraved with the left profile of a bison is only known by a tracing by Henri Breuil. There is no information on the stratigraphic and spatial position of the archaeological material in the rock-shelter. However, it does not seem to date earlier than the Middle Magdalenian. Pending the direct dating of the organic supports, the question of a date earlier t","PeriodicalId":375388,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131324285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variabilité des productions lithiques de la basse vallée du Rhône au Néolithique ancien","authors":"Elsa Defranould","doi":"10.3406/bspf.2020.15151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/bspf.2020.15151","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":375388,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128081406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La découverte d’une faucille à douille de type britannique à Val-de-Reuil (Eure)","authors":"Claire Beurion, Blandine Lecomte Schmitt, Serge Le Maho","doi":"10.3406/bspf.2020.15111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/bspf.2020.15111","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":375388,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128950621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deux millénaires d’occupations mésolithiques au bord de l’Escaut à Kerkhove (Belgique) : première approche palethnographique","authors":"Hans Vandendriessche, C. Guéret, Kim Aluwé, Liesbeth Messiaen, F. Cruz, Annelies Storme, L. Allemeersch, W. V. Neer, Joris Sergant, P. Crombé","doi":"10.3406/bspf.2019.15001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/bspf.2019.15001","url":null,"abstract":"English17 Mesolithic artefact loci were discovered on an alluvial levee during recent excavations at the wetland site of Kerkhove, located in the Scheldt floodplain at about 20 km from the French border. On typochronological grounds, these artefact loci are mainly dated to the Early Mesolithic, already well known from previous large-scale excavations in the lower Scheldt basin, but also to the lesser known Middle and Late Mesolithic periods. The first occupation phase proved to be the most intense and lasted from the middle of the 11th to the middle of the 10th millennium cal BP, based on a series of 19 14C-dates on single entity charred hazelnut shells. At least 9 different artefact loci belonging to this period were documented, covering either small ( 100 m2). The microlith compositions of most of these clusters were dominated by triangles and points with retouched base, corresponding to the regional assemblage type of the « Chinru group ». The second occupation phase, the Middle Mesolithic, was harder to define spatially, due to its location on the western edge of the excavation area and to its partial admixture with Early Mesolithic artefacts at specific locations. Nevertheless, three distinct artefact loci were discovered, characterised by the presence of numerous small backed bladelets combined with occasional points with invasive retouch on the one hand and by a different exploitation of lithic raw material resources on the other hand. Besides these more traditional clusters, several discrete concentrations of armatures were located in the low-density areas to the west of the most important Middle Mesolithic occupation zone. Unfortunately, this Middle Mesolithic occupational phase could not be directly dated by ecofacts associated with the artefact loci. However, two dates on unburnt faunal remains recovered from the colluvial deposits on the slope of the levee, indicate that this Middle Mesolithic occupation could date to as early as the second part of the 10th millennium cal BP, at the very beginning of the Middle Mesolithic period. Finally, the last occupation of the site dates to the Late Mesolithic and is only represented by one artefact locus, that contained regular Wommersom quartzite and flint bladelets associated with a few trapezes. Unfortunately, no absolute dates were obtained for this cluster to corroborate and specify its chronological position. This being said, the Kerkhove site offers the advantage, compared to previously excavated sites, that it allows us to study evolutions in lithic typology, lithic technology, tool-uses and the exploitation of lithic raw materials and other types of natural resources from a multi-period perspective. Indeed, besides lithics, considerable amounts of carbonized hazelnut shells and faunal remains were recovered, the latter consisting not only of heavily burnt bone fragments but also numerous unburnt remains. This particular feature of the site is unprecedented within the Early to Late Mesol","PeriodicalId":375388,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130884025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Le Gravettien entre l’Italie et la France : nouvelles données sur l’industrie lithique de l’Abri Mochi (Balzi Rossi, Italie).","authors":"Fabio Santaniello, S. Grimaldi","doi":"10.3406/bspf.2019.15000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/bspf.2019.15000","url":null,"abstract":"EnglishThe Italian Gravettian remains rarely investigated, with about twenty known archaeological sites and available data concerning its lithic industries that mainly refer to typological analyses developed during the second half of the last century. These highlight the presence of different facies with few attempts to discuss possibilities of parallel developments or colonization processes within a European scenario. The recent studies, which are few, have focused on technological and functional analyses of the Gravettian lithic industries as well as defining the mobility strategies of these human groups. In order to collect fresh technological data and to provide an explanatory framework within which to understand the dynamics of Gravettian adaptations in Italy, we analyzed the evidences from units C and D of the Riparo Mochi (Balzi Rossi, Italy). The site, located in the center of the Liguro-Provencal arc at the Italy-France border, provides one of the most complete Middle-upper Paleolithic sequences of the Mediterranean Europe and it represents a key to study the Gravettian appearance in the peninsula. This work has demanded a punctual revision of the original field documentation (diaries, pictures, drawings), allowing the correlation of collections from the 1938-1949 excavation - previously studied by other scholars - with unpublished materials coming from the 1959 excavation. During this excavation, L. Cardini used a more standardized methodology based on 10 cm spits, which led to the excavation of the Upper Paleolithic sequence during a single campaign. The Istituto Italiano di Paleontologia Umana (Anagni, Italy) houses the lithic collection including all the artifacts from both the excavation and the sieving, still preserved in their original boxes. As there seems to have been no previous selection of the material and/or there are no apparent conservation problems indicates that this collection is the most reliable for this study. The use of a techno-economic perspective has defined technological adaptations occurred during the different Gravettian frequentations; rock-supplying crops draw from a large procurement area, roughly spanning from the Rhone valley to the Italian Apennines. Furthermore, the use of statistical analysis based on both qualitative and quantitative determinations reveals the detailed interpretation of the entire Gravettian sequence spit by spit. Finally, the materials from the base and the top of the old excavations campaigns (1938-1949) have been directly studied and compared. They highlight new perspectives relating to the Gravettian of Riparo Mochi. Firstly, Noailles burins found at the base of the Gravettian sequence suggest that the Noaillian is the first Gravettian frequentation of the site. Consequently, the presence of the ancient Gravettian previously suggested by other scholars has been re-considered. Differences between raw materials and techno-typological patterns have been interpreted as different occup","PeriodicalId":375388,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128469327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}