HardwareX最新文献_第2页

A modular open-source platform for electrical impedance tomography applications 电阻抗断层扫描应用的模块化开源平台

IF 2.1

HardwareX Pub Date : 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00698

Henry W. Hall, Lui Holder-Pearson, Cong Zhou, J. Geoffrey Chase

{"title":"A modular open-source platform for electrical impedance tomography applications","authors":"Henry W. Hall, Lui Holder-Pearson, Cong Zhou, J. Geoffrey Chase","doi":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrical impedance Tomography (EIT) is a developing medical imaging technology with several benefits over current screening modalities. EIT can produce real time images for a lower cost and with fewer health risks than most common screening techniques. However, EIT is still the subject of research due to a lack of spatial resolution.</div><div>This work demonstrates an EIT device capable of injecting current into a test subject and measuring the induced boundary voltages from electrodes. The device was designed to be flexible, allowing for different avenues of research to be pursued. Commercial devices do not allow changes to imaging protocols and so are not suitable for most research. The device is split into four different PCBs that can be altered easily. This design allows additional channels or rings of electrodes to be added to the device. The bandwidth of the voltage acquisition board is between 1 kHz and 2 MHz. This bandwidth limits the frequency components of signals that the device can detect. The Current stimulation board can generate arbitrary signals with frequency components up to 2 MHz. The modular circuit design and large bandwidth of the device allow for easy changes to imaging protocols. However, this flexibility means the device is not optimized for a single use case.</div><div>The device can accurately detect targets in a saline tank when used with the open-source reconstruction software, GREIT. It has a mean Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of 85.4 dB and a mean homogenous reconstruction accuracy of 85.5 %. Overall, this study demonstrates the functionality and theory of an Open-Source EIT device that can be used to assist research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37503,"journal":{"name":"HardwareX","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article e00698"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Centrifugal device for dust adhesion measurement 粉尘附着力测量的离心装置

IF 2.1

HardwareX Pub Date : 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00694

Filip Wylęgała, Tadeusz Uhl

{"title":"Centrifugal device for dust adhesion measurement","authors":"Filip Wylęgała, Tadeusz Uhl","doi":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article details the design, construction, and operation of a benchtop centrifuge tailored for adhesion measurements. The device is intentionally simple, leveraging widely available components and exclusively employing 3D printing as the manufacturing method. The centrifuge facilitates the measurement of detachment forces, with user-adjustable sample attachment points via an interface or double-sided tape. The adhesion force is determined by considering both the detachment force and the mass of the dust; to achieve this, optical microscopy may be employed to determine the dust mass accurately. A user-friendly graphical interface allows for the input of desired rotational speeds and durations, while a built-in encoder and PID algorithm ensure precise operation.</div><div>Dust adhesion presents significant challenges for measurement, and this centrifuge addresses these challenges through a compact, modular design comprising four 3D-printed components, an Arduino Uno, a power socket, wiring, a motor controller, bearings, an encoder-equipped motor, and a plastic dome. Assembly is completed with a set of screws.</div><div>The primary application of this device is to evaluate the detachment forces of lunar regolith simulants on various materials. However, the design is versatile and can be adapted for spectrometry or as a compact centrifuge for biological applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37503,"journal":{"name":"HardwareX","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article e00694"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145005240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing mobile EEG: Software development and performance insights of the DreamMachine 增强移动EEG: DreamMachine的软件开发和性能洞察

IF 2.1

HardwareX Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00689

Paria Samimisabet, Laura Krieger, Marc Vidal De Palol, Deniz Gün, Gordon Pipa

{"title":"Enhancing mobile EEG: Software development and performance insights of the DreamMachine","authors":"Paria Samimisabet, Laura Krieger, Marc Vidal De Palol, Deniz Gün, Gordon Pipa","doi":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electroencephalography (EEG) is widely used in fields such as neurology, cognitive neuroscience, sleep research, and mental health. It records brain electrical activity to study neurophysiological functions. Numerous EEG and mobile EEG systems are available. However, adherence to the standards set by the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN) is essential for ensuring high-quality data collection in clinical environments. The DreamMachine, a mobile EEG device, complies fully with these standards, offering 24-channel recordings at 250 Hz, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), and capabilities for electrooculography (EOG) and electrocardiography (ECG). Its low cost makes it an accessible option for EEG studies. The software architecture of the open-source DreamMachine is detailed in this study. Focus is placed on data compression and communication between the device and its companion Android application. The details of the Android application’s features, including gain settings, bits per channel, filters, bit-shifting, and safety factors, are investigated. Subsequently, the system’s performance is evaluated through a standard eyes-open/eyes-closed experiment, comparing its results with a laboratory EEG system across a significant number of participants to assess the performance of the DreamMachine system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37503,"journal":{"name":"HardwareX","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article e00689"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

FlumeX: A modular flume design for laboratory-based marine fluid-substrate studies FlumeX：用于实验室海洋流体基质研究的模块化水槽设计

IF 2.1

HardwareX Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00697

Melissa Ruszczyk , Patrick M. Kiel , Santhan Chandragiri , Cedric M. Guigand , Johnnie Xia Zheng , Owen A. Brown , Brian K. Haus , Andrew C. Baker , Margaret W. Miller , Prannoy Suraneni , Chris Langdon , Vivek N. Prakash

{"title":"FlumeX: A modular flume design for laboratory-based marine fluid-substrate studies","authors":"Melissa Ruszczyk , Patrick M. Kiel , Santhan Chandragiri , Cedric M. Guigand , Johnnie Xia Zheng , Owen A. Brown , Brian K. Haus , Andrew C. Baker , Margaret W. Miller , Prannoy Suraneni , Chris Langdon , Vivek N. Prakash","doi":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As research becomes more interdisciplinary, researchers develop new methodologies and technologies for novel experiments that bridge fields. FlumeX’s design features a standard experimental chamber that can be expanded into different configurations, allowing for cross-disciplinary experiments between the fields of fluid dynamics, chemical oceanography, and biology. An open-ended, flow-through configuration is ideal for simulating environments where water is constantly flushed, capable of simulating oceanic environments. A fully enclosed, recirculating configuration is ideal for particle image velocimetry experiments, standard for fluid dynamics. FlumeX is designed to allow for husbandry of sessile organisms, including corals, in tandem with chemical and physical measurements. FlumeX allows for flexibility in experimental design and comparable environments between recirculating and flow-through configurations. It is designed with low-cost, readily available materials, making it easy to build and produce en masse for replicate testing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37503,"journal":{"name":"HardwareX","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article e00697"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Programmable automated low-cost IoT water sampler 可编程自动化低成本物联网水采样器

IF 2.1

HardwareX Pub Date : 2025-08-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00693

Emmanuel Deleon , Ansley J. Brown , Jakob Ladow , Erik Wardle , Troy Bauder

{"title":"Programmable automated low-cost IoT water sampler","authors":"Emmanuel Deleon , Ansley J. Brown , Jakob Ladow , Erik Wardle , Troy Bauder","doi":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water quality management is a critical environmental challenge for water resource managers in agriculture and other sectors due to pollution from contaminants like nitrogen and phosphorus. This pollution degrades ecosystems in waterways worldwide. Environmental pollutant mitigation methods rely heavily on the ability of managers to monitor water quality, often by collecting water samples (either by manual or automated methods) and sending them out for analyte characterization by a laboratory. Traditional automated samplers are often prohibitively expensive and/or complex, hindering effective water resource management across different contexts. Conversely, manual collection methods require more time and labor, but provide less data (i.e., a single point in time as opposed to a composite sample from multiple time points). Addressing this, the Colorado State University Agricultural Water Quality Program created a low-cost, automated water sampler (LCS) leveraging Internet of Things (IoT) technology that enables near-real-time, edge-of-field water monitoring. The LCS stands out for its affordability, simplicity, and real-time data provision, offering a practical tool for water resource managers seeking to monitor WQ. Furthermore, comparing LCS water quality and quantity data shows promising agreement, indicating that the device is a reasonable substitute for practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37503,"journal":{"name":"HardwareX","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article e00693"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144907753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An LED-based multi-sample absorbance spectrophotometer for chemistry and biochemistry 一种基于led的化学和生物化学多样品吸收分光光度计

IF 2.1

HardwareX Pub Date : 2025-08-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00690

David P. Goldenberg

{"title":"An LED-based multi-sample absorbance spectrophotometer for chemistry and biochemistry","authors":"David P. Goldenberg","doi":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The instrument described in this article measures the absorbance of visible light (with wavelengths in the range of approximately 400 to 650nm) by liquid samples, a method widely used for determining solute concentrations. To minimize the cost of the instrument, interchangeable light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are used as light sources. Transmitted light is detected using a photodiode device and the signals are processed using an Arduino microprocessor board. Measured absorbances are displayed on an LCD panel and can be transferred to another device via a USB interface. The instrument has measuring positions for up to six samples, each with a separate LED and detector, making it particularly well suited for parallel kinetic experiments with multiple samples. Because the spectrophotometer was designed with undergraduate laboratory courses in mind, it has a modular construction that allows for easy assembly and disassembly, so that students can be given an opportunity to assemble the instrument themselves. The device has a power requirement of only 0.4W from a 5V USB supply, making it practical for field studies or other applications where access to electric power is limited.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37503,"journal":{"name":"HardwareX","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article e00690"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144906839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of an embedded diagnostic tool for visual misalignment screening 一种用于视觉失调筛查的嵌入式诊断工具的开发

IF 2.1

HardwareX Pub Date : 2025-08-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00692

Daniel Soto Rodriguez , Andres Eduardo Rivera Gomez , Ruthber Rodriguez Serrezuela

{"title":"Development of an embedded diagnostic tool for visual misalignment screening","authors":"Daniel Soto Rodriguez , Andres Eduardo Rivera Gomez , Ruthber Rodriguez Serrezuela","doi":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article presents the design, implementation, and validation of a low-cost embedded system for preliminary strabismus screening, based on computer vision and deep learning. The hardware integrates a Raspberry Pi 4, a USB camera, and a 3D-printed chin rest to ensure consistent facial positioning. The software, developed in Python using PyQt5 and OpenCV, incorporates a NASNetLarge convolutional neural network converted to TensorFlow Lite for real-time inference. The graphical interface allows users to capture or upload images, perform automated analysis, generate diagnostic PDF reports, and access a gamified treatment module. Functional validation included a proprietary dataset of 27 images, achieving a 96.30 % classification accuracy. Additionally, a stratified 10-fold cross-validation on a balanced dataset of 1000 images yielded an average accuracy of 95.6 % with strong generalization metrics (F1-score, precision, and recall above 94 %). A novel treatment validation mechanism was implemented by analyzing pupil-to-stimulus distance frame-by-frame, confirming reliable eye tracking and the system’s potential for detecting microstrabismus. This open-source, portable prototype is suitable for community health screening and educational use, particularly in low-resource settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37503,"journal":{"name":"HardwareX","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article e00692"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144888753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Real-time converter of intermittent-scanned glucose sensors to continuous glucose monitors with potential future applications for insulin delivery 间歇扫描葡萄糖传感器到连续葡萄糖监测仪的实时转换器，具有潜在的未来应用于胰岛素输送

IF 2.1

HardwareX Pub Date : 2025-08-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00684

Pablo S. Rivadeneira, Alejandro Mira

{"title":"Real-time converter of intermittent-scanned glucose sensors to continuous glucose monitors with potential future applications for insulin delivery","authors":"Pablo S. Rivadeneira, Alejandro Mira","doi":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents the development of a transmitter that transforms intermittent glucose sensors (isCGM) into a continuous and real-time glucose monitoring system (c-rtCGM), a key component in automated insulin delivery systems. The transmitter enhances the capabilities of conventional intermittent sensors by leveraging Near Field Communication (NFC) technology to capture raw glucose value and automatically transmit it via Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE-Bluetooth 4.2 Dual-Mode) to a smart device every five minutes. A specialized glucose monitoring application converts the raw values to blood glucose by applying a calibration based on a static linear model and a capillary blood glucose measurement. The accuracy and performance of the c-rtCGM were validated through a study involving 37 participants with type 1 diabetes, demonstrating its reliability compared to commercial transmitters. Values reported by the c-rtCGM system compared with the isCGM monitor system resulted in an overall mean average relative difference (MARD) around 9%. During the trial, the c-rtCGM system achieved a data transmission success rate of 96%, and only 2316 connection failures were recorded from the 66525 total connection attempts, indicating a high level of communication stability. The transmitter battery life lasted an average of 6.5 days, showing that it is necessary to recharge only once for the duration of the sensor (14 days). The main advantages of this customized transmitter, in contrast with the commercial versions, are reliability, cost, and the flexibility of its software, since its processor (an ESP32) can be easily programmed to fulfill other helpful tasks in managing glucose levels with automated insulin delivery systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37503,"journal":{"name":"HardwareX","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article e00684"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A versatile low-cost data acquisition system for small rocket engine test bench 用于小型火箭发动机试验台的多功能低成本数据采集系统

IF 2.1

HardwareX Pub Date : 2025-08-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00686

Nathan Andreani Netzel, Daniel Strufaldi Batista, Francisco Granziera Jr., Marcelo Carvalho Tosin

{"title":"A versatile low-cost data acquisition system for small rocket engine test bench","authors":"Nathan Andreani Netzel, Daniel Strufaldi Batista, Francisco Granziera Jr., Marcelo Carvalho Tosin","doi":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Small sounding rockets often carry scientific instruments to collect data in atmospheric environments. In the context of university-level education and research, their development offers students a hands-on, multidisciplinary platform to study propulsion, aerodynamics, electronic instrumentation, and others. A critical component of sounding rocket experimentation involves engine testing and validation, which typically requires the design and implementation of a dedicated test bench. These test benches are essential for ensuring experimental safety and reliability while enabling the acquisition of accurate performance data. This work presents the design and implementation of a versatile, low-cost data acquisition (DAQ) system specifically developed for a small rocket engine test bench. The system can measure thrust and pressure by interfacing with load cell sensors and pressure transducers. The approach also prioritizes modularity, allowing future expansion or adaptation to different engine configurations. It also balances affordability and functionality compared to commercial DAQs by leveraging cost-effective hardware and software. Experimental testing has demonstrated the system’s ability to deliver accurate and reliable measurements, with noise levels comparable to those of commercial counterparts. These results indicate the system can enable students and researchers to conduct experiments effectively and ensure safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37503,"journal":{"name":"HardwareX","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article e00686"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144888754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Compressive creep test rig for thermoplastic samples 热塑性试样压缩蠕变试验装置

IF 2.1

HardwareX Pub Date : 2025-08-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00687

Seyyed Saeed Vaezzadeh , Alireza Godsi Chafjiri , Victoria Nguyen , Xochitl Ramirez , Robert Kelley Bradley

{"title":"Compressive creep test rig for thermoplastic samples","authors":"Seyyed Saeed Vaezzadeh , Alireza Godsi Chafjiri , Victoria Nguyen , Xochitl Ramirez , Robert Kelley Bradley","doi":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Creep occurs when a material is subjected to a constant load resulting in deformation. Thermoplastics are prone to creep and understanding creep behavior is important for predicting the long-term performance of thermoplastic parts that must bear load. Creep is a slow process and measuring it can take days, weeks, months, or longer. Accelerated methods to estimate creep behavior exist, but long-term testing produces the most accurate results. We have developed a creep test rig made from off-the-shelf parts that require minimal machining and is easy to operate. The instrument can provide students at the high school, community college, and university level with a simple entry point to materials research. The long run time means that multiple students can collaborate to acquire the data. The instrument helps expand the overall capacity of the scientific community to generate compressive creep data while simultaneously offering a low-cost way to engage students in research. The instrument can be used for traditional university, government, and industry research. Users may wish to operate the instrument in an air-conditioned space with minimal change in temperature and humidity, but some of the authors have recently published work demonstrating that creep measurement under changing ambient temperature and humidity can provide useful data as well (Vaezzadeh et al., 2025).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37503,"journal":{"name":"HardwareX","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article e00687"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144888752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0