Jahr最新文献

{"title":"Ethical issues concerning the use of commercially available wearables in children","authors":"A. Panayiotou, Evangelos D. Protopapadakis","doi":"10.21860/j.13.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21860/j.13.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Wearable and mobile technology has advanced in leaps and bounds in the last decade with technological advances creating a role from enhancing healthy living to monitoring and treating disease. However, the discussion about the ethical use of such commercial technology in the community, especially in minors, is lacking behind. In this paper, we first summarize the major ethical concerns that arise from the usage of commercially available wearable technology in children, with a focus on smart watches, highlighting issues around the consent process, mitigation of risk and potential confidentiality and privacy issues, as well as the potential for therapeutic misconceptions when used without medical advice. Then through a relevant thought experiment we move on to outline some further ethical concerns that are connected to the use of wearables by minors, to wit the issue of informed consent in the case of minors, forcing them to live in the spotlight, and compromising their right to an open future. We conclude with the view that mitigating potential pitfalls and enhancing the benefits of wearable technology especially for minors requires brave and comprehensive moral debates.","PeriodicalId":37490,"journal":{"name":"Jahr","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75399755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prisilna hospitalizacija - stara praksa i nova tumačenja","authors":"Dragan Mihailovic","doi":"10.21860/j.13.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21860/j.13.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"U okvirima primijenjene etike rad razmatra implikacije aktualnog tumačenja Konvencije UN-a o pravima osoba s invaliditetom. Ono se temelji isključivo na nepovredivosti autonomije, zanemarujući ključan aspekt kompromitirane sposobnosti relevantnog odlučivanja o liječenju osoba s mentalnim poremećajem. Ovakva tendencija implicira da zdravlje pojedinca više nije prioritet već njegova autonomija, neovisno od faktičkog stanja pacijenta, a prepuštanje odluke o liječenju osobi s ozbiljnim mentalnim smetnjama povlači ugrožavanje onih vrijednosti koje se tiču kako samog pacijenta, tako i drugih. U radu se ispituje koncept autonomije i paternalizma u psihijatriji, njihove moralne osnove, ograničenja i okolnosti pod kojima se paternalizam u kontekstu obaveznog liječenja može opravdati i smatrati sigurnijim i učinkovitijim, kada je riječ o interesima samog pacijenta, u odnosu na predložen model. Ističe se opreznost u ovakvim pokušajima prevladavanja kontroverzi vezanih za postupak prinudne hospitalizacije. Analiziranje osnovnih moralnih načela i argumentacije različitih pristupa ovom problemu motivirano je činjenicom da ova krajnje restriktivna i kontroverzna mjera zahtijeva stalnu pažnju i razmatranje s medicinskog, etičkog i pravnog aspekta, jer bitno utječe, kako na samostigmatizaciju jedne od najvulnerabilnijih grupa pacijenata, tako i na stigmatizaciju psihijatrije kao sredstva društvene kontrole.","PeriodicalId":37490,"journal":{"name":"Jahr","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72476797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Labelling the psychological impact of colour in films for deep learning processing based on the humanities approach","authors":"Youngsue Han, Minju Kim, S. Hwang, Thomas Whelan, Hyunjung Roh","doi":"10.21860/j.13.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21860/j.13.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"Inspired by Goethe’s theory of colour and his aversion to Newton’s scientific theories, we performed an experiment to investigate the psychological impact of colour in film. We converted 550 films into sequences of images and then processed them to extract the RGB information within. We then compared this data and matched them to classifications of colour roles in terms of their psychological influence on film viewers. For this we consulted Bellantoni, Patti (2005)’s book If It’s Purple, Someone’s Gonna Die: The Power Of Colour In Visual Storytelling, which is a guide for filmmakers to select the appropriate colours for their films and also describes the psychological and emotional effects of certain colours in film on viewers. Finally we extracted RGB information from our image sequence archives to match them to classifications of the role of colour and their psychological influences on film viewers. In spite of the fact that our results are subject to certain limitations such as the subjectivity of our researchers, we believe our findings from the experiment have made contributions to the development of AI for use in film colour classification with regard to their psychological impacts on viewers. In future endeavors, we expect to include additional information, such as shapes, tints and so on. Thus, our methodology and materials may produce even better results if supplementary resources were to be available.","PeriodicalId":37490,"journal":{"name":"Jahr","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88709578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study on the intention and experience of using the metaverse","authors":"Jungmi Lee","doi":"10.21860/j.13.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21860/j.13.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the acceleration of information and communication technology in the Fourth Industrial Revolution, artificial intelligence technology has had a large impact on politics, economy, culture, and art industries. During the COVID-19 pandemic, as face-to-face activities declined and video conferencing expanded, a new platform, called the metaverse, appeared. The metaverse is a digital communication technology, that become known to the public through games and entertainment, and it is gradually expanding. The metaverse also provides new education methods. For high value-added industries, the metaverse is used to foster skilled experts in a shortened training period. In the education field, the metaverse platform is being used in convergence with information technology (IT) companies. Examples include the entrance ceremony, graduation ceremony, job fair, museum experiential learning, and graduation work exhibition of the virtual world through the metaverse. In this paper, college students’ experience of using the metaverse was studied to determine their awareness of and experience with the metaverse. Based on the potential of the metaverse platform, the MZ (Millennials and Generation Z) generation’s intention to use the metaverse, and their experience with it, it is expected that this study will aid the development of the metaverse.","PeriodicalId":37490,"journal":{"name":"Jahr","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90830411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Corona Crisis","authors":"M. Knaup","doi":"10.21860/j.13.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21860/j.13.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Since spring 2020 at the latest many things are not as they used to be before – things are literally “de-ranged”. The news are mostly dominated by one topic: a virus which is officially called SARS-CoV-2.1 The here presented contribution views the Corona crisis from an ethical-philosophical perspective. At first, different challenges and dynamics of this crisis will be discussed. Insofar as political decision-making for coping with the crisis happens frequently by referring to “the” sciences, light is shed on the tasks of the sciences in our modern knowledge society. The contribution is going to argue in favour of a variety of perspectives, which we need in order to handle the crisis appropriately. In this context, light is shed on explicit and implicit basic social attitudes such as the attitude towards death as well as on the increasing medicalisation of life. Finally, the question about prospects which might be promising for the future is going to be raised.","PeriodicalId":37490,"journal":{"name":"Jahr","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90161309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pandemija – utopija – bioetika","authors":"Josip Guć","doi":"10.21860/j.13.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21860/j.13.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"Premda na prvi pogled tako ne izgleda, pandemija COVID-19 malo je toga fundamentalno promijenila, kako po pitanju društveno-ekonomskih okvira našeg djelovanja, tako i po pitanju moralnog djelovanja. Razlog je prije svega u zanemarivanju utopijskog pristupa, a potreba za ovim ispostavlja se upravo u nezaobilaznosti razmatranja društveno-ekonomskih odnosa u sferi morala. Okvir za takvo dubinsko moralno propitivanje može pružiti bioetika. U radu polazim od prikaza odnosa prema pandemiji koji ostaje u gabaritima dogme nepromjenljivosti svijeta. Prelazim zatim na kratko razmatranje pojma utopije i koncepta ‘odrasta’, kao oglednog utopijskog pristupa čovjekovu odnosu spram okoliša. Kako je upravo razoran odnos spram prirode osnovni uzrok izbijanja pandemija, a oba problema pripadaju interesu bioetike, potonja bi u razmatranju odnosa spram pandemije trebala nastupiti utopijski, prije svega zato što čovjekovu destruktivnost spram života prvenstveno potiče trenutačni društveno ekonomski sistem. Značajka neutopijskog mišljenja je da pri razmatranju izvjesnog moralnog konflikta zanemaruje razloge njegova nastanka, pa time omogućuje da se on stalno perpetuira. Upravo pluriperspektivna metodologija integrativne bioetike, kako nastojim pokazati u zadnjem dijelu, pruža alate da se takvo što osujeti.","PeriodicalId":37490,"journal":{"name":"Jahr","volume":"217 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79661244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Children’s “Best Interest” Locked up – On the Situation of Children’s Rights during the COVID-19 Responses","authors":"M. Spieker","doi":"10.21860/j.13.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21860/j.13.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"The constitution of the WHO as well as the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child both emphasise the unique position of children, the significance of healthy development and the obligation of public and private actors to always consider the best interest of the child. There is – at least in the case of Germany – no evidence that this obligation has been fulfilled in due manner during the COVID-19 reactions. On the other hand, there is clear evidence from different parts of the world that the closure of schools and all places of social encounter has deeply harmed the social, emotional and even intellectual development of many children. The children’s rights therefore have not been safeguarded during the corona-reaction-crisis. The article argues that this disregard of the position of children has its roots in public health’s utilitarian perspective on the health of peoples instead of individuals. In order to safeguard the rights of children in public health operations, the procedures already foreseen by the UN Convention and its implementing regulations to take into account the best interest of the child must be truly implemented in the future.","PeriodicalId":37490,"journal":{"name":"Jahr","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82097028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From moral values to public health effectiveness","authors":"I. Eterović","doi":"10.21860/j.13.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21860/j.13.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has put every contemporary society in front of various challenges. While those are often reflected and explained through economic, political or medical lenses, it seems that thorough ethical and bioethical insights are too rarely exposed and made explicit. This article tries to contribute to the neglected sphere of interconnection and interrelatedness of basic moral values and general, primarily public health, challenges. Moreover, it will be argued that by deeply disrespectful behaviour of chief institutions and inappropriate communication to the overall community (citizens) the value of elementary trust and respectfulness has been eroded, betrayed, and consequently brings to the plethora of economic, political, medical, and other challenges and troubles. The key argument is that the effectiveness of the public health measures is primarily rooted in stable and publicly communicated basic values, such as life and health, but the stability and communication of those values lays mostly in moral values such as trust, respect, fairness etc. One of the most important lessons this pandemic could give the humanity is the almost self-evident, but often forgotten insight, that moral values are the necessary glue of all values needed for functional society (and generally functional global community on Earth). The examples will be taken from the Croatian example of social, political, and institutional confrontation to the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":37490,"journal":{"name":"Jahr","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75827004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kozmički odgoj u kontekstu integrativne bioetike","authors":"Ivica Kelam, Dora Grejza","doi":"10.21860/j.13.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21860/j.13.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Osnivačica metode i filozofije Montessori, Maria Montessori, razvila je u okviru metode Montessori takozvani kozmički odgoj koji se smatra centralnim dijelom njezinog podučavanja. Kozmički odgoj nastao je u teškim vremenima ljudske povijesti kao nada i odgovor za bolju budućnost čovječanstva. Temelji se na razumijevanju međusobne povezanosti čovječanstva s prirodom i svim živim i neživim svijetom. U centru kozmičkog odgoja, kao i u centru cijele metode Montessori, nalazi se dijete kojega je potrebno poučavati odgovornosti svojeg djelovanja prema planetu i svim živim bićima, ne bi li tako ljudsko biće ispunilo kozmički zadatak koji je dodijeljen svakomu od nas. Put prema ostvarenju kozmičkog zadatka, između ostalog, čine takozvane velike (kozmičke) priče koje se pričaju djeci mlađeg uzrasta kao temelj za razumijevanje funkcioniranja svijeta i motivacija za daljnje učenje i istraživanje. Ciljevi i zadaće kozmičkog odgoja Montessori odgovaraju ciljevima integrativne bioetike, što se očituje kroz zajedničku želju za odgovorom na ključne probleme čovječanstva i planeta, poput klimatskih promjena, ugroženosti biljnog i životinjskoga svijeta i same ugroženosti ljudskog postojanja u daljnjoj budućnosti. U radu će se ukratko prikazati osnovne ideje kozmičkog odgoja, kakav je osmislila Maria Montessori, i ukazati na dodirne točke kozmičkog odgoja i integrativne bioetike u svjetlu odgoja za bioetički senzibilitet.","PeriodicalId":37490,"journal":{"name":"Jahr","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86381967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Logistički regresijski model predikcije izloženosti nasilju nad Romkinjama u romskim obiteljima u izoliranim romskim naseljima Međimurske županije","authors":"Aleksandar Racz, Borut Rončević, M. Milošević","doi":"10.21860/j.13.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21860/j.13.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Na temelju provedenog terenskog istraživanja pojavnosti nasilja nad Romkinjama u romskim obiteljima, kao i njihovih uvjerenja i stavova o nasilju nad Romkinjama u romskim obiteljima koje je bilo provedeno na uzroku od 350 Romkinja koje žive na području 12 izoliranih romskih naselja na području Međimurske županije, upotrebom logističke regresijske analize izrađena su tri prediktivna modela profila Romkinje kao žrtve obiteljskog nasilja u romskoj obitelji. Aplikativni cilj istraživanja bio je usmjeren prema pomoći nadležnim zdravstvenim i socijalnim službama, kako bi na vrijeme mogle usmjeriti fokus svojeg rada prema onim Romkinjama kao korisnicama koje su pod većim rizikom od izloženosti nasilju. U prvom modelu, koji je uključivao samo sociodemografske karakteristike ispitanica, od prediktora izloženosti Romkinja obiteljskom nasilju unutar Romske obitelji prema Waldovu testu značajnosti koeficijenata kao statistički značajni izdvojeni su starija životna dob (OR 1,848, p - 0,007), veća materijalna deprivacija (OR 2,345, p - 0,021) i ranija dob rađanja prvog djeteta prije 16. godine života (OR 7,962, p - 0,004). Proširenjem modela sa stavovima i predrasudama o nasilju nad ženom uz već izdvojene značajni prediktore kao što su mlađa životna dob (OR 1,760, p - 0,015), ranija dob rađanja prvog djeteta (OR 8,210, p - 0,003) i ranija dob zasnivanja obitelji (OR 0,305, p - 0,048, kao najsnažniji prediktor izdvojena su uvjerenja i stavovi o nasilju (OR 1,957, p - 0,002), pri čemu Romkinje s većim stupnjem prihvaćanja predrasuda o nasilju imaju i veću šansu da budu žrtve nasilja. Konačno, uvođenjem kao nezavisne varijable i izloženost nasilju u djetinjstvu i to po pojedinim oblicima zlostavljanja (tjelesnom, psihičkom, seksualnom i ekonomskom), dobiven je prediktivni model koji se pokazao statistički značajnim (p < .01), a koji je od sva tri modela najbolje predviđao vrijednosti zavisne varijable, pri čemu su od prediktora bili značajni ranija dob rađanja prvog djeteta (OR 7,955, p - 0,041), ranija dob zasnivanja obitelji (OR 0,106, p - 0,017), veća brojnosti djece na skrbi (OR 3,087, p - 0,049) i izloženost tjelesnom (OR 14,560, p-0,001), ekonomskom (OR 4,728, p - 0,049) i psihičkom (OR 8,088, p - 0,000) nasilju u djetinjstvu. Izloženost nasilju u djetinjstvu toliko je snažan prediktor da njegovim uvođenjem u model stavovi o nasilju, odnosno veća sklonost prihvaćanja predrasuda o nasilju nad ženom te veća materijalna deprivacija gube prediktorsku snagu, čime je direktno potvrđena pretpostavka da su Romkinje koje su bile žrtve nasilja u djetinjstvu pod višestruko većim rizikom od bivanja žrtvom nasilja u odrasloj dobi.","PeriodicalId":37490,"journal":{"name":"Jahr","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80528585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}