Optimum. Economic Studies最新文献

{"title":"Koncentracja własności i kontroli a wyniki spółek notowanych na Giełdzie Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie","authors":"J. Marcinkiewicz, M. Kuźma","doi":"10.15290/oes.2022.04.110.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/oes.2022.04.110.10","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The purpose of the research is to investigate the links between concentration of ownership and control of analysed companies and the value of their financial and market performance, as well as to test whether this performance depends on the presence of owners of large, but non -controlling blocks of votes among shareholders. Research method – The article presents an analysis of data contained in financial statements and Management Board’s reports. Pearson’s correlation coefficient, one -way ANOVA test and Kruskal -Wallis test were also used to investigate the links between concentration of ownership and control of analysed companies and the value of their financial and market performance.Results – The conducted studies showed theconcomitance of concentration of owner-ship and control in hands of shareholders holding over 5% of votes at the general meeting and the financial performance in the analysed entities.The research also showed that the relation between the market value of shares and their book value in companies in which shares of two largest shareholders were the same or comparable was higher than in entities in which a difference between these shares was observed. Moreover, ownership and control structure in such entities allowed them for a better use of resources.Originality / value / implications / recommendations – The article emphasises not only the role of ownership and control concentration as regards the value of financial and market performance of companies, but also presents the desired scope of concentration in the hands of the individual shareholders. It draws attention to the role of large, but non -controlling shareholders in corporate governance, especially in the mitigation of the horizontal agency conflict.","PeriodicalId":373923,"journal":{"name":"Optimum. Economic Studies","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114548981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wpływ pandemii COVID-19 na demografię i rynek pracy krajów europy środkowo‑wschodniej","authors":"Jarosław Wołkonowski","doi":"10.15290/oes.2023.01.111.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/oes.2023.01.111.05","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – An attempt to assess the impact of the COVID‑19 pandemic on the demographic situation and labor markets of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Research method – To assess the demographic implications and changes in the labor market, the comparative method of linear regression was used for the periods of 2011–2019 and 2011–2021. Population, birth and death rates, net migration, general demographic index, employment rate, unemployment rate and job vacancy rate were examined. Results – The COVID‑19 pandemic had a negative impact on the surveyed demographic and labor market indicators and disrupted their positive trends. The collapse of trends had the characteristics of a negative economic shock. Originality / value / implications / recommendations – Preliminary research analyses indicate the negative consequences of the COVID‑19 pandemic on the demographic processes of the CEE countries and the labor market. These studies should be continued during and after the infection subsides, which will allow for a better understanding of the processes taking place in both studied areas.","PeriodicalId":373923,"journal":{"name":"Optimum. Economic Studies","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121668318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Business Intelligence a potrzeby Just Culture. Analiza możliwości współdziałania wysoko zaawansowanych technologii i potrzeb organizacji gospodarczych","authors":"N. Siemieniuk, Ewa Szkic-Czech, Łukasz Siemieniuk","doi":"10.15290/oes.2022.04.110.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/oes.2022.04.110.03","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The aim of the publication is to present the principles of security of business processes at airports – Just Culture and the transplantation of these principles into process -oriented business environments of enterprises with the use of Business Intelligence. Research method – By the method of comparisons and references of the priority importance of the security of airport business processes for the ability of these entities to function in relation to the essence of the security of business processes of enterprises in their industries, the authors showed areas for new qualitative applications of Just Culture in non -airport organizations conditioned by Business Intelligence applications.Results – According to the authors, the priority of the safety of airport operations, which subordinates all processes of these commercial organizations and international ci vil aviation, may be in the conditions of dynamically growing uncertainty in the functioning of enterprises, a breakthrough inspiration for commercial entities from other industries in the field of security protection implemented through economic processes. The essence of the issue is important for management practitioners. The perspective of Just Culture’s attitude to the economic use of employees’ knowledge resources, innovative for this environment, extends this spectrum with the ability to use them to strengthen and increase the implementation of security and reliability of the company’s business processes under the condition of unconventional use of the knowledge resources of the employee capital. Originality / value / implications / recommendations – The analogy method of examining the breakthrough impact of the Internet on the dynamics of the development of entre-preneurship and world economies, made available to business by the military, initially the sole user of this information technology, the authors see the possibilities of strengthening the security of business processes of economic organizations by adapting rules that Just Culture used exclusively in the aviation industry to their process structure.","PeriodicalId":373923,"journal":{"name":"Optimum. Economic Studies","volume":"220 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132450373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable development of manufacturing enterprises in the socio-economic context. The case of Poland and Germany","authors":"A. Misztal","doi":"10.15290/oes.2022.02.108.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/oes.2022.02.108.05","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The article aims to assess the impact of contemporary external socio-economic deter-minants, including globalization, eco-innovation, social development, and macroeconomic stabilization, on the sustainable development of manufacturing enterprises in Poland and Germany from 2008 to 2020. Research method – This paper is empirical. The survey covers the manufacturing enterprises in Poland and Germany. The first part discusses the conceptual background related to the sustainable deve-lopment of enterprises in a socio-economic context. The empirical part includes the methodology and results of the study. To determine the relationship between socio-economic factors and sustainable development, the author uses the Least Square Method (OLS) and Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR). Results – The research results show a statistically significant relationship between the variables. Socio-economic indicators are vital determinants of the sustainable development of manufacturing enter-prises. The models show that the impact of individual exogenous determinants is different in Poland and Germany. Originality/value/implications/recommendations – The statistical assessment of the socio-economic impact on enterprises’ sustainable development is relatively poorly understood. The issue is new, contem-porary and requires further analysis. The exogenous socio-economic factors are important for enter-prises sustainable development. It is important to launch macroeconomic efforts to implement sustain-able development goals. The results show a different impact of socio-economic indicators on the sustainable development of manufacturing enterprises, which may indicate that the enterprise develop-ment depends on many factors that are different in analysed countries.","PeriodicalId":373923,"journal":{"name":"Optimum. Economic Studies","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131040847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital exclusion of seniors as a barrier to leading a productive life in the fourth industrial revolution","authors":"A. Frączkiewicz-Wronka, Maria Zrałek, Sabina Ostrowska","doi":"10.15290/oes.2023.01.111.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/oes.2023.01.111.04","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – Analysis of the reasons for cyber exclusion of the elderly and a statistical illustration of this phenomenon in Poland Research method – Literature review, analysis of current statistical data, synthesis. Results – The introduction of modern ICT-based solutions can significantly help older people to remain independent and maintain a high quality of life. This is facilitated by strategic initiatives funded by the European Union, encouraging public units to take action to increase digital competences in society. Originality / value / implications / recommendations – Highlighting the role of public governance units in creating an ecosystem of support for building access to ICTs and increasing digital competence.","PeriodicalId":373923,"journal":{"name":"Optimum. Economic Studies","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134121338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interdisciplinary interplay between government programs, politics and demography as exemplified by the Polish family 500+ program: assumptions and first experiences","authors":"Beata Guziejewska","doi":"10.15290/oes.2021.04.106.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/oes.2021.04.106.03","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – In 2016 the Polish government launched the Family 500+ program. This family policy instrument is regarded as a unique but debatable measure. The paper assesses the program in terms of interdisciplinary relationships between public programs, politics, sociology and demography.Research method – The research for the paper was carried out using a qualitative case study-based method. A critical analysis of the relevant legislation, public policy assumptions, reports, and earlier studies was performed. The data contained in the Demographic Yearbook of Poland [2018, 2019, 2020] published by Statistics Poland and simple methods of descriptive statistics were also used.Results – The conclusions from the research are that while the program’s effect on the demographic situation in Poland is limited, it helps reduce poverty, supports families and politically benefits the ruling party. They also suggest that the current sociological, social, cultural, historical, and political factors have an essential influence on how this type of programs is received by voters and on their success.Originality / value / implications / recommendations – The program has prevented the demographic gap in Poland from widening. A new study using simulation modelling will seek to determine whether it also reduces poverty among families with children. The program’s demographic effectiveness and its effect on the female labor market should be further studied in the future","PeriodicalId":373923,"journal":{"name":"Optimum. Economic Studies","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132884308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disposable income and consumption expenses in pensioners’ households in Poland in the years 2010-2019 – the analysis of changes in view of demographic transformations","authors":"Anna Gardocka-Jałowiec, A. Niemczyk","doi":"10.15290/oes.2021.04.106.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/oes.2021.04.106.04","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The aim of the article is to study the changes of disposable income and consumption expenses in pensioners’ households in the years 2010-2019 and the attempt to draw conclusions corresponding to the deepening process of society ageing.Research method – Categories of disposable income and consumption expenses as well as selected issues from the field of demographic transformations were presented in the theoretical considerations, using the descriptive analysis method. The basis of empirical considerations were secondary data from the Central Statistical Office. Conclusions – The average amount of pension benefits in the common occupational system is generally lower than the average work income and it can be claimed that it gets lower systematically. Disposable incomes in pensioners’ households in 2019 were about 50% higher than in 2010. This tendency was reflected in the increase (of about 3% a year on average) of real expenses on con-sumption produce and services per capita in households. The increase was comparable to the general increase of consumption expenses of households in Poland. In the years 2010-2019 expenses related to food, house maintenance and energy carriers were increasing more slowly than the rise of income.Originality / value / implications / recommendations – Conducted considerations constitute a point of view in the evaluation of the changes in the income situation of pensioners’ households in view of the deepening process of ageing of the Polish society. In times of extensive demographic changes related to the ongoing process of society ageing, the elderly constitute a numerous and important consumer group on the market.","PeriodicalId":373923,"journal":{"name":"Optimum. Economic Studies","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132855325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finansowe aspekty funkcjonowania instytutów badawczych nadzorowanych przez Ministra Zdrowia","authors":"Magdalena Jaworzyńska, J. Śmiechowicz","doi":"10.15290/oes.2022.02.108.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/oes.2022.02.108.08","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – This article is devoted to research institutes supervised by the Minister of Health, and its purpose is to analyze, evaluate and compare the financial situation of 11 entities operating in Poland in the context of further possibilities of functioning and the ability to perform the tasks for which they were established. Research method – The financial standing of research institutes supervised by the Minister of Health was assessed based on the balance sheet analysis, profit and loss analysis, analysis of profitability, cash flow, efficiency and debt ratios. The study used data contained in financial statements of research institutes posted on the websites of the Ministry of Health for 2017–2020. Results – The financial condition of individual research institutes is highly varied, but generally in most cases it is bad or even critical. It is not favourable situation to fulfil the basic goal for which they are created, which is research and development works as well as their implementation. In the long period of time, it even threatens their existence in the present organizational form. Originality /value /implications /recommendations – The subject discussed in the study is rarely in the area of interest of researchers, although it is extremely important and up-to-date. The analyses carried out and the conclusions formulated in this article fill the existing gap to some extent and constitute a contribution to further considerations.","PeriodicalId":373923,"journal":{"name":"Optimum. Economic Studies","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130519384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic and legal aspects of employee monitoring, with particular emphasis on remote work","authors":"Marta Czech","doi":"10.15290/oes.2021.04.106.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/oes.2021.04.106.08","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The purpose of this article is to identify and indicate the basic issues of employee moni-toring that arise in the field of economic and legal sciences from the perspective of employers, such as the factors motivating employers to use various forms of employee monitoring, current conditions of such activities resulting from state law and the European Union law, as well as potential threats to employers using broadly understood monitoring. Research method – Dogmatic and statistical methods, the analysis of legal acts and research results, as well as literature studies and observations of practice were used to prepare the article.Results – The possibility of using modern technologies to monitor employees is an important tool in the pursuit of effective organization of working time, although there is a lack of studies showing whether the monitoring methods offered on the market actually increase work efficiency. The actual needs of employers with regard to various forms of monitoring are not reflected in the provisions of the Labor Code. Employers should approach employee monitoring with caution, because inapprop-riate actions in this area may have negative effects.Originality / value / implications / recommendations – The article concerns issues of significant impor-tance from the perspective of not only Poland, but also other European Union countries, current in the realities of the pandemic and based on the latest legal regulations.","PeriodicalId":373923,"journal":{"name":"Optimum. Economic Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129147185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The consumer expenditures and consumption of Polish Urban and Rural Households","authors":"U. Grzega","doi":"10.15290/oes.2022.02.108.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/oes.2022.02.108.03","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to present and assess changes in the level and structure of con-sumption of urban and rural households in Poland. Research method – The data used in the article were obtained from the publications of Central Sta-tistical Office on the results of household budget surveys, including the “Socio-economic situation of households, urban-rural diversity” as well as from literature on the subject. The research covered the years 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. The selection of years was determined by the willingness to observe the changes that were visible in the budgets of these households after Poland had joined the European Union. The analysis applies analytical methods, including comparative and literature analyzes, as well as descriptive and monographic methods. The applied research method should be defined as a descriptive analysis with elements of quantitative analysis. Simple statistical methods were used to analyze the col-lected data. They comprised indicators of the structure of consumer spending and household con-sumption, including the food index and the index of free choice expenditures, as well as quantitative food consumption indexes, expressed in natural units, and durable goods expressed in % of house-holds being equipped with a given good. The research results are presented with the use of graphic presentation methods, especially the tabular ones. Results – Household consumption in Poland is determined by a combination of many macro and microeconomic, as well as non-economic factors. In the years 2005–2020, they affected the situation of Polish households as a certain set of factors having impact of various severity and different directions.Together, they caused changes both in the level and structure of consumer spending and in the very consumption of urban and rural households. Based on the conducted analysis, it can be concluded that in 2005–2020 the decrease in the differences between the living conditions of urban and rural house-holds, measured by their consumption expenditure and the consumption of food and non-food pro-ducts was observed. However, rural households still have a lower level of expenditure per 1 person compared to urban households. There are also differences in the structure of consumer spending. Rural households are characterized by a higher share of basic spending and a lower share of free choice expenditure. Despite the progress that has been noted, rural households are still characterized by a less rational model of food consumption and a slightly lower level of being equipped with modern ICT goods.","PeriodicalId":373923,"journal":{"name":"Optimum. Economic Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122400779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}