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Capturing Passenger Experience in a Ride-Sharing Autonomous Vehicle: The Role of Digital Assistants in User Interface Design 在共享自动驾驶汽车中捕捉乘客体验:数字助理在用户界面设计中的作用
12th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications Pub Date : 2020-09-20 DOI: 10.1145/3409120.3410639
Benjamin S Alpers, Kali Cornn, Lauren E. Feitzinger, Usman Khaliq, S. Park, Bardia Beigi, Daniel Joseph Hills-Bunnell, Trevor Hyman, Kaustubh Deshpande, Rieko Yajima, L. Leifer, L. Shluzas
{"title":"Capturing Passenger Experience in a Ride-Sharing Autonomous Vehicle: The Role of Digital Assistants in User Interface Design","authors":"Benjamin S Alpers, Kali Cornn, Lauren E. Feitzinger, Usman Khaliq, S. Park, Bardia Beigi, Daniel Joseph Hills-Bunnell, Trevor Hyman, Kaustubh Deshpande, Rieko Yajima, L. Leifer, L. Shluzas","doi":"10.1145/3409120.3410639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3409120.3410639","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomous ride-sharing services have the potential to disrupt future transportation ecosystems. It is critical to understand factors that influence user experience in autonomous vehicles (AVs) to design for widespread adoption. We conducted an on-road driving study in a mock AV to examine how the amount of information provided by an in-vehicle digital assistant, and the manner in which information is delivered, can impact one's overall AV experience. Passengers were divided into two cohorts, based on their assigned in-vehicle digital assistant (Lilly vs. Julie). Through a mixed-methods analysis, the data showed that quantity and quality of information presented via the digital assistant had a significant impact on one's confidence in an AV's driving capability and willingness to ride again. These findings highlight that although the two cohorts were identical with respect to the actual vehicle driven, differences in in-vehicle digital assistant design can alter passengers’ perceptions of their overall AV experience.","PeriodicalId":373501,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"490 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127396600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
A Wizard of Oz Field Study to Understand Non-Driving-Related Activities, Trust, and Acceptance of Automated Vehicles 《绿野仙踪》实地研究，了解与驾驶无关的活动、信任和对自动驾驶汽车的接受程度
12th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications Pub Date : 2020-09-20 DOI: 10.1145/3409120.3410662
Henrik Detjen, Bastian Pfleging, Stefan Schneegass
{"title":"A Wizard of Oz Field Study to Understand Non-Driving-Related Activities, Trust, and Acceptance of Automated Vehicles","authors":"Henrik Detjen, Bastian Pfleging, Stefan Schneegass","doi":"10.1145/3409120.3410662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3409120.3410662","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding user needs and behavior in automated vehicles (AVs) while traveling is essential for future in-vehicle interface and service design. Since AVs are not yet market-ready, current knowledge about AV use and perception is based on observations in other transportation modes, interviews, or surveys about the hypothetical situation. In this paper, we close this gap by presenting real-world insights into the attitude towards highly automated driving and non-driving-related activities (NDRAs). Using a Wizard of Oz AV, we conducted a real-world driving study (N = 12) with six rides per participant during multiple days. We provide insights into the users’ perceptions and behavior. We found that (1) the users’ trust a human driver more than a system, (2) safety is the main acceptance factor, and (3) the most popular NDRAs were being idle and the use of the smartphone.","PeriodicalId":373501,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130438404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 37
Explainable Automation: Personalized and Adaptive UIs to Foster Trust and Understanding of Driving Automation Systems 可解释的自动化:个性化和自适应的用户界面，以促进对驾驶自动化系统的信任和理解
12th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications Pub Date : 2020-09-20 DOI: 10.1145/3409120.3410659
Philipp Wintersberger, Hannah Nicklas, Thomas Martlbauer, Stephan Hammer, A. Riener
{"title":"Explainable Automation: Personalized and Adaptive UIs to Foster Trust and Understanding of Driving Automation Systems","authors":"Philipp Wintersberger, Hannah Nicklas, Thomas Martlbauer, Stephan Hammer, A. Riener","doi":"10.1145/3409120.3410659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3409120.3410659","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research indicates that transparent information on the behavior of automated vehicles positively affects trust, but how such feedback should be composed and if user trust influences the amount of desired feedback is relatively unexplored. Consequently, we conducted an interview study with (N=56) participants, who were presented different videos of an automated vehicle from the ego-perspective. Subjects rated their trust in the vehicle in these situations and could arbitrarily select objects in the driving environment that should be included in augmented reality feedback systems, so that they are able to trust the vehicle and understand its actions. The results show an inverse correlation between situational trust and participants’ desire for feedback and further reveal reasons why certain objects should be included in feedback systems. The study also highlights the need for more adaptive in-vehicle interfaces for trust calibration and outlines necessary steps for automatically generating feedback in the future.","PeriodicalId":373501,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114729143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 32
Evaluating Highly Automated Trucks as Signaling Lights 评估高度自动化卡车作为信号灯
12th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications Pub Date : 2020-09-20 DOI: 10.1145/3409120.3410647
Mark Colley, S. Mytilineos, Marcel Walch, Jan Gugenheimer, E. Rukzio
{"title":"Evaluating Highly Automated Trucks as Signaling Lights","authors":"Mark Colley, S. Mytilineos, Marcel Walch, Jan Gugenheimer, E. Rukzio","doi":"10.1145/3409120.3410647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3409120.3410647","url":null,"abstract":"Automated vehicles will change the trucking industry as human drivers become more absent. In crossing scenarios, external communication concepts are already evaluated to resolve potential issues. However, automated delivery poses unique communication problems. One specific situation is the delivery to the curb with the truck remaining partially on the street, blocking sidewalks. Here, pedestrians have to walk past the vehicle with reduced sight, resulting in safety issues. To address this, we conducted a literature survey revealing the lack of addressing external communication of automated vehicles in situations other than crossings. Afterwards, a study in Virtual Reality (N=20) revealed the potential of such communication. While the visualization (e.g., arrows or text) of whether it is safe to walk past the truck only played a minor part, the information of being able to safely walk past was highly appreciated. This shows that external communication concepts carry great potential besides simple crossing scenarios.","PeriodicalId":373501,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125374754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
A Design Space for External Communication of Autonomous Vehicles 自动驾驶汽车外部通信的设计空间
12th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications Pub Date : 2020-09-20 DOI: 10.1145/3409120.3410646
Mark Colley, E. Rukzio
{"title":"A Design Space for External Communication of Autonomous Vehicles","authors":"Mark Colley, E. Rukzio","doi":"10.1145/3409120.3410646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3409120.3410646","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomous vehicles are on the verge of entering the mass market. Communication between these vehicles with vulnerable road users could increase safety and ease their introduction by helping to understand the vehicle’s intention. Numerous communication modalities and messages were proposed and evaluated. However, these explorations do not account for the factors described in communication theory. Therefore, we propose a two-part design space consisting of a concept part with 3 dimensions and a situation part with 6 dimensions based on a literature review on communication theory and a focus group with experts (N=4) on communication. We found that most work until now does not address situation-specific aspects of such communication.","PeriodicalId":373501,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129913355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 35
An Exploration of Prosocial Aspects of Communication Cues between Automated Vehicles and Pedestrians 自动驾驶车辆与行人之间沟通线索的亲社会方面探讨
12th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications Pub Date : 2020-09-20 DOI: 10.1145/3409120.3410657
Shadan Sadeghian, Marc Hassenzahl, Kai Eckoldt
{"title":"An Exploration of Prosocial Aspects of Communication Cues between Automated Vehicles and Pedestrians","authors":"Shadan Sadeghian, Marc Hassenzahl, Kai Eckoldt","doi":"10.1145/3409120.3410657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3409120.3410657","url":null,"abstract":"Road traffic is a social situation where participants heavily interact with each other. Consequently, communication plays an important role. Typically, the communication between pedestrians and drivers is nonverbal and consists of a combination of gestures, eye contact, and body movement. However, when vehicles become automated, this will change. Previous work has investigated the design and effectiveness of additional communication cues between pedestrians and automated vehicles. It remains unclear, though, how this impacts the perceptions of the quality of communication and impressions of mindfulness and prosociality. In this paper, we report an online experiment, where we evaluated the perception of communication cues in the form of on-road light projections, across different traffic scenarios and roles. Our results indicate that, while the cues can improve communication, their effect is dependent on traffic scenarios. These results provide preliminary implications for the design of communication cues that consider their prosocial aspects.","PeriodicalId":373501,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117084633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Effect of Visualization of Pedestrian Intention Recognition on Trust and Cognitive Load 行人意向识别可视化对信任和认知负荷的影响
12th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications Pub Date : 2020-09-20 DOI: 10.1145/3409120.3410648
Mark Colley, Christian Bräuner, M. Lanzer, Marcel Walch, M. Baumann, E. Rukzio
{"title":"Effect of Visualization of Pedestrian Intention Recognition on Trust and Cognitive Load","authors":"Mark Colley, Christian Bräuner, M. Lanzer, Marcel Walch, M. Baumann, E. Rukzio","doi":"10.1145/3409120.3410648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3409120.3410648","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomous vehicles carry the potential to greatly improve mobility and safety in traffic. However, this technology has to be accepted and of value for the intended users. One challenge on this way is the detection and recognition of pedestrians and their intentions. While there are technological solutions to this problem, there seems to be no research on how to make this information transparent to the user in order to calibrate the user’s trust. Our work presents a comparative study of 5 visualization techniques with Augmented Reality or tablet-based visualization technology and two or three information clarity states of pedestrian intention in the context of highly automated driving. We investigated these in a user study in Virtual Reality (N=15). We found that such a visualization was rated reasonable, necessary, and that especially the Augmented Reality-based version with three clarity states was preferred.","PeriodicalId":373501,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127117527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 45
Designing Communication Strategies of Autonomous Vehicles with Pedestrians: An Intercultural Study 自动驾驶汽车与行人的沟通策略设计:跨文化研究
12th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications Pub Date : 2020-09-20 DOI: 10.1145/3409120.3410653
M. Lanzer, Franziska Babel, Fei Yan, Bihan Zhang, Fang You, Jianmin Wang, M. Baumann
{"title":"Designing Communication Strategies of Autonomous Vehicles with Pedestrians: An Intercultural Study","authors":"M. Lanzer, Franziska Babel, Fei Yan, Bihan Zhang, Fang You, Jianmin Wang, M. Baumann","doi":"10.1145/3409120.3410653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3409120.3410653","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomous vehicles (AVs) have the opportunity to reduce accident and injury rates in urban areas and improve safety for vulnerable road users (VRUs). To realize these benefits, AVs have to communicate with VRUs like pedestrians. While there are proposed solutions concerning the visualization or modality of external human-machine interfaces, a research gap exists regarding the AVs’ communication strategy when interacting with pedestrians. Our work presents a comparative study of an autonomous delivery vehicle with three communication strategies ranging from polite to dominant in two scenarios, at a crosswalk or on the street. We investigated these strategies in an online-based video study in a German (N = 34) and a Chinese sample (N = 56) regarding compliance, acceptance and trust. We found that a polite strategy led to more compliance in the Chinese but not the German sample. However, the polite strategy positively affected trust and acceptance of the AV in both samples equally.","PeriodicalId":373501,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124416384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 24
Situational Trust Scale for Automated Driving (STS-AD): Development and Initial Validation 自动驾驶情景信任量表(STS-AD):开发与初步验证
12th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications Pub Date : 2020-09-20 DOI: 10.1145/3409120.3410637
Brittany E. Holthausen, Philipp Wintersberger, B. Walker, A. Riener
{"title":"Situational Trust Scale for Automated Driving (STS-AD): Development and Initial Validation","authors":"Brittany E. Holthausen, Philipp Wintersberger, B. Walker, A. Riener","doi":"10.1145/3409120.3410637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3409120.3410637","url":null,"abstract":"Trust is important in determining how drivers interact with automated vehicles. Overtrust has contributed to fatal accidents; and distrust can hinder successful adoption of this technology. However, existing studies on trust are often hard to compare, given the complexity of the construct and the absence of standardized measures. Further, existing trust scales often do not consider its multi-dimensionality. Another challenge is that driving is strongly context- and situation-dependent. We present the Situational Trust Scale for Automated Driving, a short questionnaire to assess different aspects of situational trust, based on the trust model proposed by Hoff and Bashir. We evaluated the scale using an online study in the US and Germany (N=303), where participants faced different videos of an automated vehicle. Results confirm the existence of situational factors as components of trust, and support the scale being a valid measure of situational trust in this automated driving context.","PeriodicalId":373501,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115186963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 55
The Role and Potentials of Field User Interaction Data in the Automotive UX Development Lifecycle: An Industry Perspective 现场用户交互数据在汽车用户体验开发生命周期中的作用和潜力:一个行业视角
12th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications Pub Date : 2020-07-21 DOI: 10.1145/3409120.3410638
Patrick Ebel, F. Brokhausen, Andreas Vogelsang
{"title":"The Role and Potentials of Field User Interaction Data in the Automotive UX Development Lifecycle: An Industry Perspective","authors":"Patrick Ebel, F. Brokhausen, Andreas Vogelsang","doi":"10.1145/3409120.3410638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3409120.3410638","url":null,"abstract":"We are interested in the role of field user interaction data in the development of In-Vehicle Information System (IVIS), the potentials practitioners see in analyzing this data, the concerns they share, and how this compares to companies with digital products. We conducted interviews with 14 UX professionals, 8 from automotive and 6 from digital companies, and analyzed the results by emergent thematic coding. Our key findings indicate that implicit feedback through field user interaction data is currently not evident in the automotive UX development process. Most decisions regarding the design of IVIS are made based on personal preferences and the intuitions of stakeholders. However, the interviewees also indicated that user interaction data has the potential to lower the influence of guesswork and assumptions in the UX design process and can help to make the UX development lifecycle more evidence-based and user-centered.","PeriodicalId":373501,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133817802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
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