Annals of Medicine & Surgery最新文献

{"title":"ARISCAT and LAS VEGAS risk scores for predicting postoperative pulmonary complications after cardiac surgery: a cohort study","authors":"Khalid M. Siddiqui, Muhammad H. Farooqui, Muhammad S. Yousuf, Muhammad A. Ali","doi":"10.1097/ms9.0000000000002191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ms9.0000000000002191","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) could lead to morbidity, mortality, and prolong hospital stay. Different risk scoring systems are used to predict the identification of patients at risk of developing PPCs. The diagnostic accuracies of the Assess Respiratory Risk in Surgical Patients in Catalonia (ARISCAT) and Local Assessment of Ventilatory Management During General Anaesthesia for Surgery (LAS VEGAS) risk scores are compared in prediction of PPCs taking pulmonary complication as gold standard in cardiac surgery.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A prospective cohort study with consecutive sampling technique. A total of 181 patients were included. Quantitative data is presented as simple descriptive statistics giving mean and standard deviation and qualitative variables are presented as frequency and percentages. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and diagnostic accuracies are also calculated.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Total 181 post cardiac surgery patients were analyzed. The median [interquartile range] of age, height, weight, and BMI were 60.0 [52.0 – 67.0] years, 163.0 [156.0-168.0] cm, 71.0 [65.0 – 80.0] kg and [24.2 – 30.4] kg/m2. 127 (70.2%) were male and 54 (29.8%) were female. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of ARISCAT for the prediction of PPCs were (94.9%, 4.65%, 76.1%, 22.9% and 73.4%), whereas LAS VEGAS were (97.1%, 4.65%, 76.5%, 33.3% and 75.1%) respectively.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Both the ARISCAT and LAS VEGAS risk scores are of limited value in cardiac surgery patients for the prediction of postoperative pulmonary complications, based on the predicted scores in this study.\u0000","PeriodicalId":373451,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medicine & Surgery","volume":"02 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141122537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A perplexing case report of concomitant multiple sclerosis and myasthenia gravis","authors":"Mustafa Al-Mollah, Moaiad Hussein, Jamil Qiqieh, Hardeep Sidhu, N. Ryalat, Yacoub Bahou","doi":"10.1097/ms9.0000000000002201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ms9.0000000000002201","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The co-occurrence of multiple sclerosis (MS) and myasthenia gravis (MG) within the Middle East and North African Region (MENA) has been scarcely reported in current literature. This rare case report explores the pathophysiological mechanisms and potential avenues of treatment modalities. Such insights can potentially facilitate the development of more efficacious and targeted treatment modalities and perhaps pave the way for disease prevention.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 29-year-old female patient presented with diplopia of two weeks duration associated with occasional blurred vision in the left eye. On physical examination, she was discovered to have marked left eye ptosis. A visual evoked potential (VEP) test was performed, which revealed asymmetrical delay. MRI imaging revealed a few white matter hyperintense foci noted at both periventricular regions and the corpus callosum with the characteristic appearance of Dawson’s fingers and thus MS was diagnosed. An anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody test returned positive, confirming the diagnosis of concurrent MG.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Proposed pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the concurrent manifestation of both diseases include, among others, the involvement of HLA haplotype and non-HLA genotypes, as well as the immunogenetic influence of specific transcription factors. Notable HLA haplotype genes include DRB1 and HLA-DQ5 genes. In contrast, non-HLA genes include the interleukin-4 receptor (IL4RA) and factor forkhead box P3 (FOXP3).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Considering the similar immunological background of the two diseases, ideally, a single therapeutic modality could be used for management. This will hopefully simplify the patient’s treatment regimen and may ultimately reduce the treatment cost and patient burden.\u0000","PeriodicalId":373451,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medicine & Surgery","volume":"18 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141119653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in artificial intelligence for diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease through speech","authors":"Mishal Abid, Maham Asif, Zoya Khemane, Afia Jawaid, Aimen Waqar Khan, Hufsa Naveed, Tooba Naveed, A. A. Farah, M. Siddiq","doi":"10.1097/ms9.0000000000002200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ms9.0000000000002200","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":373451,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medicine & Surgery","volume":"27 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141119154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xylazine in Illicit Drug Mixtures: A Growing Threat and Overlooked Danger","authors":"Ashna Habib, Tooba Ali, Laveeza Fatima, Zainab Nazir, Aaliya Imtiyaj Hafiz, Md Ariful Haque","doi":"10.1097/ms9.0000000000002190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ms9.0000000000002190","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":373451,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medicine & Surgery","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141121658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case report of female vaginal myiasis","authors":"Zhonghui He, Xiaoning Wei, Wensheng Xu, Xinghong Wang","doi":"10.1097/ms9.0000000000002167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ms9.0000000000002167","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Myiasis, a rare affliction, is distinguished by the infestation of human organs by larvae of the Diptera species. Although myiasis is commonly observed in the skin, eyes, ears, and nasopharynx, the occurrence of human genital myiasis is infrequent. Instances of vulvar and prolapsed uterus myiasis have been previously documented.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In this study, we present a case of vaginal myiasis in a young female residing in the warm and humid climate of south China. The treatment approach involved manual extraction of the maggots and vaginal irrigation with a 0.01% potassium permanganate solution for 7 days. As one month followed up, she was cured and then change residence, the vaginal myiasis was not recurrence.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In reported myiasis cases, mechanical extraction of maggots, debridement of necrotic tissue, and irrigation with antiseptic solutions, such as 1% ivermectin solution in propylene glycol were the treatment of myiasis. In this case, a low-concentration solution of potassium permanganate, serving as an oxidizing agent, was utilized as a vaginal douching agent, and had a good effect.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Infestation of maggots likely occurred due to unsanitary intercourse in a suitable environment, removal of maggots and vaginal irrigation with low concentration solution of potassium permanganate may be an effective therapy.\u0000","PeriodicalId":373451,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medicine & Surgery","volume":"54 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141121690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An urgent call for action: addressing the unprecedented rise in dengue cases in the Americas","authors":"Ayush Anand, Amogh Verma, M. Khatib, Q. Zahiruddin, Shilpa Gaidhane, Rakesh Kumar Sharma, Divya Sharma, Mithhil Arora, Sarvesh Rustagi, Prakasini Satapathy","doi":"10.1097/ms9.0000000000002186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ms9.0000000000002186","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":373451,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medicine & Surgery","volume":"18 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141120821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and severity of diabetic ketoacidosis in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort study","authors":"Mohamed Aon, A. Aoun, Ahmad Alshami, Abdulrahman Alharbi, Fahed Alshammari, Mohamad Alnajjar, Ahmad Almutawtah, Bader Bin Naji, Abdullateef Alsaeed, Omar A Abdelwahab","doi":"10.1097/ms9.0000000000002185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ms9.0000000000002185","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the most serious metabolic complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Insulin deficiency and inflammation play a role in the pathogenesis of DKA. We aimed to assess the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) as a marker of severity among T1DM patients with DKA and without infection.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We included T1DM patients ≥ 12 years hospitalized because of DKA. We excluded patients with infection or any condition that can change SII parameters or cause metabolic acidosis. We compared SII, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) between severe and non-severe DKA groups. We also assessed the need for an intensive care unit (ICU), length of stay, and 90-day readmission rate between the groups.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study included 241 patients with a median age of 17 (14,24) years, and 44.8% were males. More patients with severe DKA (45%) required ICU admission (P<0.001). Median SII increased with DKA severity, and the difference was significant (P=0.033). No significant difference was observed as regards median NLR or PLR (P=0.380 and 0.852, respectively). SII, but not NLR or PLR, had a significant negative correlation with PH (r=−0.197, P=0.002) and HCO3 level (r=−0.144, P=0.026). Also, being in the highest SII quartile was an independent risk factor for DKA severity (OR, 2.522; 95% CI, 1.063–6.08; P=0.037). We estimated an SII cutoff value of 2524.24 to predict DKA severity with high specificity.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Elevated SII is a risk factor for DKA severity in T1DM. It is better than NLR and PLR in prognosticating DKA patients. These findings highlight the role of inflammation in DKA. SII can help as a valuable and simple tool to assess DKA severity.\u0000","PeriodicalId":373451,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medicine &amp; Surgery","volume":"47 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141121871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cross sectional study measuring injury mortality and its associated factors among adult patients in comprehensive specialized hospitals in Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia","authors":"Wondwossen Mulugeta, A. D. Tilahun, Lielt Mershsa, Zenebe Bekele","doi":"10.1097/ms9.0000000000002184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ms9.0000000000002184","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Injury has become a life-threatening community health problem related to vital morbidity and mortality worldwide. Approximately 90% of injury-related deaths occurred in low- and middle-income countries. There is limited data that addresses the outcomes of injuries in adult trauma patients at the time of discharge to improve the outcome of trauma care in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the mortality following injury and its associated factors among adult patients in comprehensive specialized hospitals in Amhara’s national regional state.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 596 adult trauma patients admitted between January 1, 2018 and December 30, 2020.. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to select the study participants. Data were collected from patient charts and registry books by using a data extraction tool. Data were entered into Epi-data version 4.6, and analysis was done using Stata version 16. The binary logistic regression model was fitted, and both bi-variable and multi-variable logistic regression analyses were employed.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A total of 581 adult trauma patient charts with a recorded rate of 97.5% were included in the final analysis. The overall mortality outcome of injury at discharge was found to be 8.3% (95% CI: 6%–10.5%). Age 26–40 years [AOR: 3.35 (95% CI: 1.35–8.33)], revised trauma score 10 [AOR: 3.11, (95% CI: 1.39–6.99)], duration of time before arrival in hospital >24 hours [AOR: 3.61 (95% CI: 1.18–11.02)], and surgical management in hospital [AOR: 0.25 (95% CI: 0.12–0.54)] were predictors of mortality in patients with injuries.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In this study, the mortality outcome of injury is considerably high, and the middle age group, late presentation to the hospital, lower revised trauma score, and surgical management were significantly associated with the mortality outcome of injury on discharge from the hospital. Therefore, it is better if clinicians emphasize traumatically injured patients, especially for middle age groups, and lower revised trauma scores.\u0000","PeriodicalId":373451,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medicine &amp; Surgery","volume":"72 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141121473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of botulinum toxin type A in patients with painful temporomandibular joint disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Mengjiao Zhu, Ziwei Huang, Yeye Wang, Jing Qin, Mingyue Fan","doi":"10.1097/ms9.0000000000002183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ms9.0000000000002183","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 To assess the therapeutic efficacy of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) for managing myofascial pain related to temporomandibular disorders (TMDs).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study was conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 statement guidelines. The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. The primary outcome was pain score on the visual analogue scale (VAS), and the secondary outcomes were maximum mouth opening (MMO) and adverse effects. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess risk bias. A meta-analysis of studies with the same interventions, controls, assessment methods and follow-up durations was performed.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A total of 519 studies were retrieved, of which 20 RCTs were included in the qualitative analysis and 6 were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that, compared with placebo, BTX-A injection was more effective at relieving myofascial pain, and its effect was similar to that of conventional methods. However, there was no difference in MMO between the two groups. After study assessment with the RoB 2.0 tool, six studies showed a low risk of bias, 13 studies showed some concerns regarding the reported results, and only one study showed a high risk of bias. Adverse effects of BTX-A injection were observed in four studies.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In conclusion, BTX-A is effective at relieving pain in TMD patients but does not improve mouth opening. To minimize adverse effects, we recommend a low dose of BTX-A for TMD patients who do not experience complete pain relief from conservative treatments.\u0000","PeriodicalId":373451,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medicine &amp; Surgery","volume":"26 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141120765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guillain barre syndrome following Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) vaccination: a case report","authors":"A. Chaudhary, Shrekshya Khadka, Aliza Dulal, Rojeena Adhikari, Sushant Bhardwaj, Abhishek Pandey, Ashlesha Chaudhary, S. Bhusal, Smriti Acharya","doi":"10.1097/ms9.0000000000002197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ms9.0000000000002197","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) is one of the mRNA vaccines currently approved by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) against COVID-19.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Here, we report a case of an 8-year-old female with Guillain-Barré syndrome following the 2nd dose of Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) vaccination requiring respiratory support who was managed with intravenous immunoglobulin.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 There have been reports of Guillain-Barré syndrome following the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccination. In our case, as the symptoms of GBS occurred right after the vaccination, there could be an association, and this report can add to the existing literature and raise awareness about the possible adverse effects of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccination.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Although most adverse effects following Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) vaccination have been reported as non-serious, clinicians must be aware of serious adverse effects that, though rare, can follow the administration of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccination and require prompt recognition and management.\u0000","PeriodicalId":373451,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Medicine &amp; Surgery","volume":"21 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141120084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}