{"title":"Toward further development of photovoltaics to overcome current problems occuured bynuclear power plants in Japan","authors":"M. Yamaguchi, Y. Ohshita","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.2011.6186642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2011.6186642","url":null,"abstract":"By earthquake and tsunami occurred on March 11th 2011, Fukushima nuclear power plant No.1 has generated severe accidents to emit high level radiations and to contaminate foods, water and others with radio isotopes. Such an accidents has given very important messages such as unclearness for safety and cost effectiveness of nuclear energy and important of clean renewable energies including photovoltaics instead of nuclear energy to us. This report presents outline of accidents by the Fukushima nuclear power plant and difficulty of further installation of new nuclear power plants in Japan. An idea such as the “Fukushima Solar Village” plan has been proposed to attain employment security, to maintain power supply from those areas to metropolitan cities and to overcome several problems occurred by nuclear power plant accident. Accelerating plan such as further installation of photovoltaic power generation systems in Japan has also been proposed in order to overcome several problems occurred by Fukushima nuclear power plant accident.","PeriodicalId":373149,"journal":{"name":"2011 37th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131065571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Boisvert, D. Law, R. King, D. Bhusari, X. Liu, S. Mesropian, D. Larrabee, R. Woo, K. Edmondson, D. Krut, D. Peterson, K. Rouhani, B. Benedikt, N. Karam
{"title":"Development of space solar cells at Spectrolab","authors":"J. Boisvert, D. Law, R. King, D. Bhusari, X. Liu, S. Mesropian, D. Larrabee, R. Woo, K. Edmondson, D. Krut, D. Peterson, K. Rouhani, B. Benedikt, N. Karam","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.2011.6186250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2011.6186250","url":null,"abstract":"High efficiency Inverted Metamorphic (IMM) and Semiconductor Bonded Technology (SBT) multi-junction solar cells have been under development at Spectrolab for use in space and near space applications. This paper will review the present state-of-the-art of this technology at Spectrolab with an emphasis on performance characterization data at operating conditions that these solar cells will experience in flight. Solar cell current-bias characteristics under illumination (LIV) at AM0 28°C are presented along with external quantum efficiency measurements that are used to verify the X-25 solar simulator LIV short circuit current density. A mechanical and thermal stress model has been used to predict mechanical stresses on a ultra-lightweight panel assembly in orbit and will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":373149,"journal":{"name":"2011 37th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131072826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Pawlak, B. Sojka, J. Robbelein, S. Singh, T. Janssens, J. Das, N. Posthuma, J. Poortmans
{"title":"Industrial integration of interdigitated back-contact Si solar cells by laser ablation","authors":"B. Pawlak, B. Sojka, J. Robbelein, S. Singh, T. Janssens, J. Das, N. Posthuma, J. Poortmans","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.2011.6186148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2011.6186148","url":null,"abstract":"Interdigitated back-contact solar cells for high efficiency applications are usually manufactured in R&D laboratories by multiple subsequent lithography steps. Here the patterning by litho-free steps is proposed and implemented. The current status of the small area (2×2cm2 and 4×4cm2) n-type IBC solar cells integration flow is presented with exclusively laser-based patterning scheme: emitter, metal point contacts and electrode separation. Electrode separation is performed in 2 typical configurations: above emitter region or BSF region, where the 2nd location proofs to be beneficial. The best Suns Voc reaches up to 647 mV and p-FF up to 83%.","PeriodicalId":373149,"journal":{"name":"2011 37th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130936905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interface modification of ZnO:B Transparent Conducting Oxides for amorphous silicon solar cells","authors":"Chien-Hung Lin, Jia-Hsiang Liu, I. Chan","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.2011.6186585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2011.6186585","url":null,"abstract":"We addressed the interface problem of a good p-layer contact with boron doped zinc oxide as Transparent Conducting Oxides (TCO). The p-type microcrystalline Silicon (p-μc-Si:H) layer was performed by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique as an interface layer between TCO and p-i-n amorphous Si solar cells. The presence of a thin p-type μc-Si:H between ZnO:B and p-a-SiC:H plays a major role by causing an improvement of initial conversion efficiency from 7.1% to 8.2% and the open circuit voltage (Voc) from 0.78V to 0.84V. This high Voc value can be attributed to modification in the current transport in this region due to creation of a potential barrier in the TCO/p-a-SiC:H interface. The short circuit current density Jsc was improved from 13.5 to 15.1mA/cm2 and the quantum efficiency in short region is obviously enhanced.","PeriodicalId":373149,"journal":{"name":"2011 37th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131034313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yusuke Goto, Takanobu Suzuki, T. Shimoo, Takayoshi Hayashi, S. Wakao
{"title":"Operation design of PV system with storage battery by using next-day residential load forecast","authors":"Yusuke Goto, Takanobu Suzuki, T. Shimoo, Takayoshi Hayashi, S. Wakao","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.2011.6186427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2011.6186427","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, many people in the world pay attention to the renewable energy and a photovoltaic system becomes especially worthy for the future of the earth. In this paper, we investigate the operation of PV system with storage battery by using next-day residential load forecast. First, we propose the application of a simple and high-precision modeling method, i.e., Just-In-Time Modeling to the forecast of residential load. And we carry out the improvement in predictive accuracy by the input selection and the weighting method. Next, we simulate the operation of PV system with storage battery by using the load forecast information. The result shows that the introduction of load forecast into PV system operation contributes to environmental conservation and reduction of operating cost.","PeriodicalId":373149,"journal":{"name":"2011 37th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference","volume":"04 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131039827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Garcia-Tabares, I. García, D. Martin, I. Rey‐Stolle
{"title":"Optimizing bottom subcells for III-V-on-Si multijunction solar cells","authors":"E. Garcia-Tabares, I. García, D. Martin, I. Rey‐Stolle","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.2011.6186071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2011.6186071","url":null,"abstract":"Dual-junction solar cells formed by a GaAsP or GaInP top cell and a silicon bottom cell seem to be attractive candidates to materialize the long sought-for integration of III-V materials on silicon for photovoltaic applications. Such integration would offer a cost breakthrough for photovoltaic technology, unifying the low cost of silicon and the efficiency potential of III-V multijunction solar cells. In this study, we analyze several factors influencing the performance of the bottom subcell of this dual-junction, namely, 1) the formation of the emitter as a result of the phosphorus diffusion that takes place during the prenucleation temperature ramp and during the growth of the III-V layers; 2) the degradation in surface morphology during diffusion; and 3) the quality needed for the passivation provided by the GaP layer on the emitter.","PeriodicalId":373149,"journal":{"name":"2011 37th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132924026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Woehl, R. Keding, M. Rudiger, H. Gentischer, F. Clement, J. Wilde, D. Biro
{"title":"20% Efficient screen-printed and aluminum-alloyed back-contact back-junction cells and interconnection scheme of point-shaped metalized cells","authors":"R. Woehl, R. Keding, M. Rudiger, H. Gentischer, F. Clement, J. Wilde, D. Biro","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.2011.6185843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2011.6185843","url":null,"abstract":"A back-contact back-junction silicon solar cell is presented that was exclusively structured and metalized by screen-printing technology. On n-type base material the emitter was formed by locally printed and alloyed aluminum structures in a co-firing process. By a varying emitter coverage on the rear the influence on the collection probability and thus the short-circuit current density is analyzed by light beam induced current (LBIC) measurements. Efficiencies of up to 20% were realized and independently confirmed by Fraunhofer ISE CalLab. Two-dimensional simulations of the cell structure are performed and agree well with the processed cell. Variations of several parameters show room for further efficiency increase. Furthermore a new module concept for back-contact cells is presented where the metallization on cell level is point-shaped. The lateral conductance of collected carriers is enabled on module level by a structured printed circuit board. On the contacts an adhesive agent is screen-printed in order to make the aluminum contacts solderable. Afterwards a soldering paste is screen-printed which connects the cell and the printed circuit board or foil during a reflow process. This concept overcomes the restriction in cell size of back-contact back-junction modules due to thick copper layer.","PeriodicalId":373149,"journal":{"name":"2011 37th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132942591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Pawłowski, P. Zabierowski, R. Bacewicz, N. Barreau, A. Hultqvist
{"title":"Fill factor metastabilities in CIGSe-based solar cells investigated by means of photoluminescence techniques","authors":"M. Pawłowski, P. Zabierowski, R. Bacewicz, N. Barreau, A. Hultqvist","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.2011.6186525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2011.6186525","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we aim at a deeper understanding of fill factor (FF) deterioration under the absence of high energy photons in CIGSe-based solar cells (so-called “red kink” effect). In order to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon we take advantage of voltage dependent photoluminescence (PL-V) in combination with current voltage characteristics (I-V). Basing on a close correlation between PL-V and light I-V characteristics we show that the “red kink” effect is due to the redistribution of the electrical field in the absorber space charge region which in turn influences carrier collection. An important observation is that both, PL-V and light I-V, exhibit the same metastable behavior under light soaking (LS) and reverse bias treatment (REV). Since these metastabilities are caused by a defect charge state redistribution in the close-to-interface CIGSe layer (p+ layer), it allows us to locate the source of FF metastable behavior on the absorber side of the junction. Basing on numerical modeling of PL-V and light I-V characteristics we discuss presented results within a framework of existing models in which the redistribution of the negative charge in the window/buffer/absorber interface region has a direct influence on carrier collection. We show that the best agreement with experimental results can be achieved by a combination of a barrier at the window/buffer interface with the p+ layer model.","PeriodicalId":373149,"journal":{"name":"2011 37th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133504420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Polymer formation in conductive Mg-doped C60 films","authors":"N. Kojima, S. Nishi, C. Morales, M. Yamaguchi","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.2011.6186056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2011.6186056","url":null,"abstract":"Mg-doping in a C<inf>60</inf> layer is expected to improve the electrical conduction in organic solar cells. However, the mechanism of conductivity improvement and the detailed structure of Mg-doped C<inf>60</inf> material are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the vibrational spectra to understand structural change in Mg-doped C<inf>60</inf> in terms of the bonding state of the adjacent C<inf>60</inf> molecules. IR spectra can be explained by several types of C<inf>60</inf> polymer formation in Mg-doped C<inf>60</inf> even with the low Mg concentration. It is thought that the existence of several types of short length C<inf>60</inf> polymers cause the crystal quality degradation.","PeriodicalId":373149,"journal":{"name":"2011 37th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128910386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Photonic crystal resonant cavity for thermophotovoltaic applications","authors":"C. Shemelya, T. Vandervelde","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.2011.6186015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2011.6186015","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to efficiently transform heat into a usable energy using thermophotovoltaics (TPV) has been a topic of research for many years. Due to recent micro fabrication advances, TPV and photonic crystals (PhC) has been the subject of renewed interest. In particular, PhC have been shown to increase the efficiency of photon to current conversions for infrared photodetectors. Here, Photonic crystals and a back reflecting plane have been employed to increase the efficiency of TPV cells by creating a resonant cavity. The result is an increased interaction time between photons and excitons leading to an increase in electron/hole pair generation. A simulated 2D photonic crystal consisting of Si3N4 rods in an ohmic contact material has demonstrated a possible 81% increase in absorption for a GaSb TPV cell.","PeriodicalId":373149,"journal":{"name":"2011 37th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference","volume":"156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133767301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}