Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility最新文献

{"title":"The Rise of Acute Acquired Comitant Esotropia","authors":"A. Nouraeinejad","doi":"10.1080/2576117X.2023.2226675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2576117X.2023.2226675","url":null,"abstract":"Acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) is an uncommon subtype of esotropia recognized by sudden late onset of a relatively large angle of comitant esotropia with diplopia and comparatively minimal refractive error, commonly hypermetropia in children and myopia in adults, along with normal best-corrected visual acuity in both eyes in older children and adults. 1–6 Pathological and non-pathological causes have been recorded for AACE. 1,","PeriodicalId":37288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility","volume":"12 1","pages":"165 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strabismus Surgery: Do Millimeters Matter?","authors":"M. Serafino","doi":"10.1080/2576117X.2023.2208019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2576117X.2023.2208019","url":null,"abstract":"Who hasn’t longingly hoped for a dose–response curve or table showing prism diopters/millimeter (PD/mm) that would solve all the problems of strabismus surgery? Thinking back to the early years of my career, the first question I asked of skilled surgeons was, “What surgical table do you use?” Subsequently, I realized there were different tables with different surgical doses advocated by different experts. Despite the sometimes wide variation in the tables, the reported results from the different tables were surprisingly similar. But even if I strictly relied on any given table, the surgical outcomes were inconsistent. My initial discouragement prompted me to try to understand why there was so much variability. This raised the intriguing question, “Do numbers really matter?” In 2002, during my fellowship in Charleston, SC, USA, Dr. Ed Wilson told me that during a meeting he had attended, Mexican colleagues referred to American strabismus surgeons as “millimeter surgeons” (Ed Wilson personal communication). Apparently, not all strabismus surgeons rely as heavily on surgical formulas as those in the USA. After hearing that, the question, “Do numbers really matter?” really obsessed me! In 1951, Scobee wrote, “The amount of surgical correction obtained in a patient with esotropia is usually directly proportional to the deviation present before surgery and is not particularly related to the amount of surgery performed as measured in millimeters.” He divided operations into three classes: Class 1: esotropia <50PD, for which he performed one medial rectus recession of 6 mm; Class 2: esotropia >50PD, for which he performed bilateral medial rectus recession of 6 mm; and Class 3: if amblyopia was present, for which he performed unilateral surgery consisting of a medial rectus recession of 6 mm plus a lateral rectus resection of 6–7 mm. He reported that if one patient has 15° of esotropia and another one has 30° of esotropia, surgery will result in 15° and 30° of correction, respectively, even if they receive the same amount of surgery. In 1989, Kushner and coauthors reported that axial length played a role in the response to surgery. They found a significant correlation between the response to strabismus surgery and axial length in patients with esotropia, but the correlation coefficient they found suggested that only 28% of the variance in the response to strabismus surgery can be attributed to axial length. Thus, a surgical formula that takes axial length into account should decrease the variability in response to strabismus surgery, but will not eliminate it. Poor correlation was found between axial length and response to surgery in exotropic patients. However, in 1993 Kushner subsequently found that the response to strabismus surgery (PD of change per millimeter of rectus muscle recession) correlated significantly with the preoperative deviation for esotropic and exotropic patients and that axial length, age, or refractive error were not significant ind","PeriodicalId":37288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility","volume":"73 1","pages":"59 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42819462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified Nishida Procedure Combined with Lateral Rectus Disabling for Duane Retraction Syndrome","authors":"Karthikeyan Arcot Sadagopan, Ling Ding Lin, B. Kushner","doi":"10.1080/2576117X.2023.2197575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2576117X.2023.2197575","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) is a complex congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder. The choice of surgical procedure in esotropic-DRS depends upon several factors that include: the amount of esotropia in the primary position, the presence and severity of palpebral fissure narrowing, globe retraction, presence of medial rectus muscle (MR) contracture, the likelihood of improving abduction, age of the patient, and the presence of binocularity and stereopsis. In the presence of MR contracture, MR recession is performed either alone (unilaterally or bilaterally) or in conjunction with Y splitting plus recession of the lateral rectus muscle (LR) for reducing globe retraction. MR recession, with or without adjustable sutures, may be simultaneously combined with partial thickness vertical rectus muscle transposition (VRT) or with superior rectus muscle transposition (SRT). We describe a novel combination of surgical procedures in the management of esotropic-DRS in two patients. In our first patient, following an initial MR recession combined with LR disinsertion and periosteal fixation (LRDAPF), a modified Nishida procedure was performed. In our second patient following a prior simultaneous MR recession and LR Y splitting with recession, we combined periosteal fixation of the LR with a modified Nishida procedure of the vertical rectus muscles.","PeriodicalId":37288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility","volume":"73 1","pages":"69 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45407554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"20/20: Where are Orthoptists Going?","authors":"V. Karlsson","doi":"10.1080/2576117X.2023.2192171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2576117X.2023.2192171","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The year 2020 has been greatly anticipated by the entire ophthalmic community. This year’s Scobee lecture will be a photographic look at our past with the orthoptists and pediatric ophthalmologists we have learned from, taught, and worked with. A sobering snapshot of our present will reveal a world with extreme medical access inequality. This creates a need for an inexpensive screening device for amblyogenic anisometropia. A technique for such a fast and inexpensive screening device will be shown using first retinoscopy; and then compare the effectiveness of the direct Heine streak ophthalmoscope, a common ophthalmic instrument, will be shown to be effective in screening for ≥1 diopter of spherical anisometropia. The challenges of the present hint at an optimistic future for orthoptists, expanding their role as physician extenders to help ease the medical access inequalities in the world. Finally, I introduce the patron saint of the blind and those with vision impairment.","PeriodicalId":37288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility","volume":"73 1","pages":"61 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43926266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gaze-Evoked Vision Changes","authors":"Isdin Oke, S. Ness, C. Peeler","doi":"10.1080/2576117X.2023.2197576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2576117X.2023.2197576","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We describe an atypical presentation of aberrant regeneration of the 3rd cranial nerve causing vision changes with ocular motility. Abnormal communication between axons destined for the medial rectus and those destined for muscles involved in the accommodative response resulted in simultaneous pupil constriction and myopic shift of approximately 2.5 diopters with adduction. While there have been several reports of this pupillary response (Czarnecki sign), no cases have documented the change in refraction from ciliary muscle involvement.","PeriodicalId":37288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility","volume":"73 1","pages":"75 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45712089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Potentially Adjustable Modification of the Nishida Procedure.","authors":"Robert Tauscher,&nbsp;Mathew Haynie,&nbsp;Stacy L Pineles,&nbsp;Federico G Velez","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For patients with a complete, chronic abducens nerve palsy and resulting abduction deficit, a transposition procedure is often the procedure of choice. One such transposition procedure involves transposing the superior rectus (SR) and inferior rectus (IR) laterally without disinserting or splitting either muscle. While effective, this procedure - like many transposition procedures - carries with it the risk of induced torsional or vertical misalignment. Here, we describe an adjustable variation of the above transposition procedure, one which potentially would allow for post-operative correction of induced vertical or torsional deviations.</p>","PeriodicalId":37288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility","volume":"73 2","pages":"40-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9354005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Ophthalmology Scope of Practice.","authors":"Gregg Lueder,&nbsp;Marlo Galli,&nbsp;Junsang Chris C Cho,&nbsp;Katharine Liegel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine practice patterns of pediatric ophthalmologists with respect to types of medical conditions cared for and age of patients treated due to limited data regarding pediatric ophthalmologists' scope of practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A survey was sent to 1408 international and United States members of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (AAPOS) membership through the group's internet listserv. Responses were collated and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety members (6.4%) responded. 89% of respondents confine their practices to pediatric ophthalmology and adult strabismus. The percentages of respondents who provide primary surgical and medical treatment of the following conditions include 68% for ptosis and anterior orbital lesions, 49% for cataracts, 38% for uveitis, 25% for retinopathy of prematurity, 19% for glaucoma, and 7% for retinoblastoma. For conditions other than strabismus, 59% restrict their practice to patients less than 21 years of age.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pediatric ophthalmologists provide primary medical and surgical care for children with a wide variety of ocular conditions, including complex disorders. Awareness of this variety of practice might prove beneficial in encouraging residents to consider careers in pediatric ophthalmology. Consequently, fellowship education in pediatric ophthalmology should include exposure to these areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":37288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility","volume":"73 2","pages":"53-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9347731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Congenital Fibrosis of Extraocular Muscles: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Joshua M Van Swol,&nbsp;Walter K Myers,&nbsp;Shaun A Nguyen,&nbsp;M Edward Wilson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To quantify typical disease characteristics for patients with congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles (CFEOM) including pre-and post-surgical ocular alignment and head positioning as well as average improvement with surgical intervention.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This investigation is a systematic review and meta-analysis. All studies detailing surgical intervention in cohorts of individuals with CFEOM were included. Ocular alignment and head positioning before and after surgery was recorded. Meta-analyses were performed to quantify these findings along with other patient characteristics across all included studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The estimated average improvement in vertical alignment for patients with unilateral and bilateral CFEOM was 34.8 pd (prism diopters) and 21.27 pd, respectively. For horizontal alignment, patients with unilateral and bilateral CFEOM improved an average of 25.39 pd and 10.99 pd after surgery, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two most common surgeries used to address hypotropia and blepharoptosis in this patient population. The estimated proportion of patients with post-surgical head alignment within 5-9° was 60.64% and was 28.25% for patients with<5° of alignment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study was able to illuminate many characteristic features of patients with CFEOM. Surgical intervention for the ocular alignment and head positioning of these patients demonstrates promising utility.</p>","PeriodicalId":37288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility","volume":"73 2","pages":"43-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9724253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vision Beyond Vision: Lessons Learned from Amblyopia.","authors":"Agnes M F Wong","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amblyopia is characterized by spatiotemporal uncertainty in the visual system. In addition to its effects on vision, amblyopia also exerts a widespread impact on other systems. Many of these changes are observed not only during amblyopic eye viewing but also during fellow eye and binocular viewing. They generally correlate with the severity of visual acuity and stereo acuity loss. The affected systems include: (1) oculomotor control manifested as abnormal fixation, saccades, smooth pursuit, and saccadic adaptation; (2) motor control with altered programming, execution, and temporal dynamics of eye-hand coordination, and decreased ability of the sensorimotor system to adapt to changes in the visual environment; (3) balance control with decreased postural stability; (4) multisensory integration characterized by reduced McGurk effect and altered cross-modal interactions in audiovisual perception; and (5) auditory localization manifested as impaired spatial hearing as a result of abnormal developmental calibration of the auditory map. To detect amblyopia early, a targeted approach is required to identify children from low-income families through in-school visual screening, supplemented by follow-up care and free eyeglasses in high-needs schools.</p>","PeriodicalId":37288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility","volume":"73 2","pages":"29-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9348265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Survey to Identify Screen Test Usage by Certified Orthoptists Across the United States of America.","authors":"Michelle S Attzs,&nbsp;Alex Christoff","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To ascertain the use of screen tests for assessing strabismus under binocular viewing conditions by certified orthoptist colleagues around the United States of America.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A link to an online survey was distributed to all 440 registered members of the American Association of Certified Orthoptists in early 2022. A total of 135 certified orthoptists responded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 135 respondents, 51% were from a public practice, 36% were private practice and 13% from a mixture of both. A large proportion of respondents did not use binocular screen tests to measure strabismus such as the Lancaster red/green test (85%) or Hess screen test (93%), although one respondent reported using the Harms screen test. Most respondents reported using single or double Maddox rods (75%), synoptophore (44%) and prisms (14%) in their practice to quantify strabismus clinically.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is limited use of screen tests in private and public practice in the USA. The ergonomic requirements of such tests are prohibitive to their implementation in modern clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":37288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility","volume":"73 2","pages":"55-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9360854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}