Veterinary and Animal Science最新文献

{"title":"Effects of probiotic-supplemented milk replacer on growth, blood biochemistry, fermentation, digestibility, and carcass traits in lambs","authors":"SH Mousavi Esfiokhi,&nbsp;MA Norouzian,&nbsp;MR Sahl Abadi,&nbsp;MR Rezaei Ahvanooei","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vas.2024.100368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of feeding cow's milk replacer and probiotic supplementation on growth performance, blood metabolites, ruminal fermentation parameters, and nutrient digestibility in male lambs, with ewe's milk serving as the control treatment. Eighteen male lambs with an average initial body weight of 5.0 ± 1.2 kg and age of 15 ± 4 days were randomly assigned to three experimental groups: ewe's milk, cow's milk replacer, and cow's milk replacer with probiotic supplementation. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design. Lambs fed ewe's milk showed significantly higher average daily gain (218.4 g/day) compared to those fed cow's milk replacer (183.7 g/day) or cow's milk replacer with probiotic (209.1 g/day). Similarly, dry matter intake was highest in the ewe's milk group (585.6 g/day) compared to the cow's milk replacer (435.9 g/day) and cow's milk replacer with probiotic (510.5 g/day) groups. Blood glucose levels were higher in the ewe's milk group (75.3 mg/dL) compared to the cow's milk replacer (70.3 mg/dL) and cow's milk replacer with probiotic (72.1 mg/dL) groups. Probiotic supplementation resulted in increased blood urea nitrogen (15.6 mg/dL) and total protein (7.3 g/dL) levels compared to the other groups. Furthermore, the ewe's milk group showed higher apparent dry matter (76.1%) and crude protein (68.5%) digestibility compared to the other treatments. The fecal score on day 30 was higher in the cow's milk replacer group (2.34) compared to the ewe's milk (1.24) and cow's milk replacer with probiotic (1.45) groups. There were no significant differences in the carcass traits of the experimental lambs. In conclusion, based on the results of this study, it seems that feeding cow's milk + probiotic as a replacement for ewe's milk did not significantly affect the performance, carcass traits, and blood and fermentation parameters in infant lambs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100368"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451943X24000358/pdfft?md5=e9eb3b31b47801d0eae819b300224837&pid=1-s2.0-S2451943X24000358-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141303809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the digestibility, growth performance, hematological and serum biochemical profile of Bandjock Local Pigs (BLP) and Duroc X Large White pigs (DLW)","authors":"Sandra Olivia Magne Ghomsi ,&nbsp;Sylvain Nsangou Pechangou ,&nbsp;Regine Sandra Maafo ,&nbsp;Hippolyte Tene Mouafo ,&nbsp;Agbor Kingsley Etchu ,&nbsp;Felix Charles Bilong Bilong ,&nbsp;Paul Fewou Moundipa","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study aimed to assess the digestibility, growth performance, and selected biochemical and hematological parameters of Bandjock Local pigs (BLP) and Duroc X Large White pigs (DLW). We hypothesize that the use of local ingredients in diet formulation associated to improved rearing conditions, enhance the growth performance, digestibility, biochemical and hematological parameters of BLP. The trial involved dividing twenty-four eight-week-old weaner pigs into two groups. Each group was randomly assigned to separate pig units. Animal management and feeding were consistent between both groups. The trial lasted for 120 days during which the growth performance, the digestibility of ingested nutrients, and biochemical and hematological parameters were evaluated. The results indicate that DLW pigs registered a weight gain (46.56±5.19 kg) significantly higher than BLP pigs (34.02), with a statistically similar feed conversion ratio. Except for albumin which was significantly higher in DLW and urea in BLP, there were no significant differences (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05) in total protein, cholesterol, globulin, triglycerides, creatinine, AST, and ALT as well as hematological parameters between the breeds. However, the exotic DLW had a relatively high mean blood platelets and white blood cell concentration. Although the fecal nitrogen was higher in BLP and the urinary nitrogen was lower in the DLW, there were significant differences (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) for urine, fecal, and total excreted nitrogen in both breeds. The lowest scores in nutrient digestibility were recorded with BLP compared to DWL, except for crude fibers. The results of this study demonstrated that using diet formulated with local ingredients and improved rearing conditions, Cameroonian local indigenous pigs have a better productivity compared to exotic breeds. It suggests that efforts should be made by authorities to promote and valorize the rearing of indigenous pigs in complement to exotic pig breeds in view of strengthening the Cameroonian pig industry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100370"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451943X24000371/pdfft?md5=345247319eaa704868f45fd2aaecddbc&pid=1-s2.0-S2451943X24000371-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141279250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiency of recombinant Ybgf in a double antigen-ELISA for the detection of Coxiella antibodies in ruminants","authors":"Gianmarco Ferrara ,&nbsp;Barbara Colitti ,&nbsp;Flores-Ramires Gabriela ,&nbsp;Sergio Rosati ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Iovane ,&nbsp;Ugo Pagnini ,&nbsp;Serena Montagnaro","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Q fever is a zoonosis whose main reservoirs are domestic ruminants. Surveillance in these species is carried out mainly with serological tests, which, however, have limited diagnostic performance, and their manufacturing requires laboratories equipped with high biosafety requirements for antigen production. Recombinant ELISAs do not depend on these requirements and, being based on a single antigen, can reduce potential false positivity by identifying antibodies specific to a phase of infection. The aim of this study was to apply a new technology (dual antigen test) to a recombinant protein (Ybgf), an antigen produced in recombinant form and already used in previous studies for the design of an indirect ELISA. The successfully produced recombinant antigen was used to coat 96-well plates and, at the same time, another antigen aliquot was conjugated with HRP to obtain an HRP-conjugated Ybgf. After setting the test conditions, the results obtained with the recombinant double antigen test were compared with those obtained with a commercial assay (considered as reference assay) testing a total of 514 ruminant samples (280 goats and 234 cattle). A concordance of 86.2 and a Cohen's Kappa value of 0.72 were obtained, with no significant difference between the two species tested. Notably, the test proved to be highly specific, having correctly identified 250 out of 253 animals. This research represents an additional effort to use recombinant antigens to enhance serological methods in veterinary medicine. In a “one-health scenario”, improving the performance of serological tests used in veterinary practice also means improving the surveillance of this infection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100366"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451943X24000334/pdfft?md5=6ae62c96b7bc775f49399e0806b91e6a&pid=1-s2.0-S2451943X24000334-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141281034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring of spectrum beta lactamase producing multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovars in goat meat markets of Bangladesh","authors":"Jarin Al Naser ,&nbsp;Hemayet Hossain ,&nbsp;Md. Shahidur Rahman Chowdhury ,&nbsp;Nasrin Akter Liza ,&nbsp;Rayhan Mahmud Lasker ,&nbsp;Asikur Rahman ,&nbsp;Md. Ariful Haque ,&nbsp;Md. Mukter Hossain ,&nbsp;Md. Mahfujur Rahman","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The emergence of <em>Salmonella enterica</em> serovars that produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and exhibit multi-drug resistance (MDR) poses a substantial global threat, contributing to widespread foodborne illnesses and presenting an alarming issue for public health. This study specifically concentrated on the isolation and identification of ESBL-resistant genes (<em>bla</em>_TEM, <em>bla</em>_SHV, <em>bla</em>_CTX-M1, <em>bla</em>_CTX-M2, <em>bla</em>_CTX-M9, <em>MultiCase</em>_ACC, <em>MultiCase</em>_MOX, <em>MultiCase</em>_DHA, <em>bla</em>_OXA) and the antibiogram profiling of <em>Salmonella enterica</em> serovars found in goat meat samples procured from retail outlets in Bangladesh. During the research in the Sylhet district of Bangladesh, researchers gathered a total of 210 samples of goat meat from 13 different Upazilas. Primarily, cultural and biochemical methods were used for isolation of bacteria from the selected samples. <em>Salmonella enterica</em> serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis, along with three ESBL-resistant genes, were identified through polymerase chain reactions (PCRs). The disk diffusion test was used to determine antimicrobial susceptibilities. Out of 210 samples analysed, <em>Salmonella</em> spp<em>.</em> was detected in 18.10 % (38 out of 210), with <em>S.</em> Enteritidis and <em>S.</em> Typhimurium found in 9.05 % (19 out of 210) and 5.24 % (11 out of 210) of the samples, respectively. A total of 72.73 % (8/11) of <em>S.</em> Enteritidis and 100 % (19/19) of <em>S.</em> Typhimurium isolates were positive by Multidrug-resistant patterns. The positive outcomes were found of <em>S.</em> Typhimurium tested 63.16 % (12 out of 19) for the <em>bla</em>_TEM gene and 21.05 % (4/19) for the <em>bla</em>_SHV, gene. The study proposes that the retail goat meat market channel could be a prominent transmission way of ESBL-producing MDR <em>Salmonella enterica</em> serovars, representing a significant public health hazard.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100367"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451943X24000346/pdfft?md5=0fda53a5833e587404ff5adb1fd2dcdb&pid=1-s2.0-S2451943X24000346-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141274532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the impact of thermoregulatory mineral supplementation on thermal comfort in lactating Holstein cows","authors":"Rafael Felini ,&nbsp;Damiano Cavallini ,&nbsp;Giovanni Buonaiuto ,&nbsp;Tiago Bordin","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Heat stress (HS) occurs when animals are enable to effectively dissipate excessive body heat, potentially affecting their welfare and productivity. Several tools can be used to mitigate HS in dairy cows. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of thermoregulatory mineral supplementation on dairy cows’ physiological response to HS and reproductive status. Thirty pluriparous Holstein dairy cows (2.8 ± 0.3 lactation), from a semi confinement production system (freestall barn), were enrolled in a 35 days duration experiment, and divided into two groups: 15 cows receiving a thermoregulatory mineral mixture containing calcium, sodium, chlorine, and potassium (200 g/day; TRT); and, 15 cows that did not receive any type of supplement (CON). Data on respiration rates (RR), rectal temperature (RT), milk yield, barn temperature, relative humidity, and temperature and humidity index (THI) were obtained on weekly evaluations (D7, D14, D21, D28, and D35). ANOVA and correlation analysis were used to compare variables between groups, and physiological and climate variables, regardless of group. Related to farm's protocols, on D0 and D35, all cows were submitted to US evaluation and categorized as inseminated, pregnant, and not pregnant, and this data analysed using Fisher's exact test. Cows in the TRT group had lower RT, compared to the CON group (38,8 °C and 39,0 °C, respectively; <em>P</em> = 0.0147), however both averages were within physiological range. As to physiological variables, stronger positive correlations were found between RR and RT with barn temperature and THI. In this study, the thermoregulatory mineral supplement did not significantly affect physiological responses to HS or reproductive status.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100363"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451943X24000309/pdfft?md5=9427f87e3d9a0e771bfd957cdb367740&pid=1-s2.0-S2451943X24000309-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141140116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflammatory uterine microenvironment in long-term infertility repeat breeder cows compared with normal fertile cows","authors":"Maho Taru ,&nbsp;Taiga Katoh ,&nbsp;Karen Koshimizu ,&nbsp;Sohei Kuribayashi ,&nbsp;Ryotaro Miura ,&nbsp;Seizo Hamano ,&nbsp;Koumei Shirasuna","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows is gradually declining, and one of the causes of this problem is the presence of long-term infertility repeat breeder cows (RBCs). The causes of RBCs are largely thought to be maternal factors, including the uterine environment. This study aimed to accurately investigate the uterine environment of RBCs using uterine tissue and fluid. Next, we investigated the effect of nobiletin in bovine endometrial epithelial cells to explore the possibility of improving the uterine environment of RBCs.</p><p>Uterine fluid was collected by flushing the uterus and endometrial tissues were collected by biopsy on day 7 of the estrous cycle from both normal fertile cows and RBCs (<em>n</em> = 5 in each group). A comprehensive analysis of the uterus revealed that gene expression and altered pathways differed between normal fertile cows and RBCs. Especially, pathways of natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, cell cycle, and calcium signaling pathway were picked up in the uterine tissues of RBCs. In the uterine fluid, the levels of lipopolysaccharide were higher in the RBC than in normal group (<em>P</em> = 0.08). In in vitro experiment, treatment with the uterine fluid from RBCs upregulated inflammation-related pathways and molecules such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) in bovine endometrial epithelial cells. The treatment with nobiletin suppressed IL-8 induced by the treatment with uterine fluid.</p><p>In conclusion, the uterine environment of RBCs was found to be in inflammatory condition, causing the lower reproductive performance. It is necessary to develop methods to improve to the anti-inflammatory state in the uterine environment of RBCs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100369"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451943X2400036X/pdfft?md5=bd7d4d83b4977b04c271a9152d86a9c6&pid=1-s2.0-S2451943X2400036X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141234837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic profile of milk production traits and analysis of correlations with reproductive performance in the Azawak Zebu in Niger","authors":"Adamou Karimou Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Issa Moumouni ,&nbsp;Chanono Mogueza","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vas.2024.100365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effects of genetic factors on the lactation traits of the Azawak cattle breed are estimated from 11,998 monthly milk records from 1275 complete lactations from 471 Azawak cows bred at the Toukounous experimental centre (Niger), using a multi-trait animal model based on the REML method. The results show that heritability was moderate for persistency (h² = 0.23), peak lactation (h² = 0.34), milk yield at 305 days (h² = 0.30), daily milk yield (h² = 0.33) and total milk yield (h² = 0.35). In addition, very high repeatability estimates ranging from 0.50 to 0.58 were associated with the last four traits. Significant phenotypic correlations varying from 0.23 to 0.40 existed between the two reproductive traits (age at first calving and calving interval) and the lactation traits. Similarly, the significant genetic correlations between the traits of milk production and reproduction traits were unfavorable, varying according to the lactation traits considered from 0.32 to 0.87 for age at first calving and from 0.48 to 0.97 for calving interval, indicating that selection for milk yield only should result in a longer calving interval and a later age at first calving. Estimates of the heritability of lactation traits are moderate, as are those of many functional reproductive traits, so the genetic gain from selection on milk production traits alone would be rapid, but antagonistic with reproductive performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100365"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451943X24000322/pdfft?md5=2553708d639fe5dbaca69928a31d65c8&pid=1-s2.0-S2451943X24000322-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141239078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short communication: Effects of a commercial triple-strain Bacillus-based probiotic on cecal colonization with Salmonella Enteritidis in commercial layer pullets","authors":"E.B. Sobotik ,&nbsp;K. Russo ,&nbsp;S.P. Lerner ,&nbsp;D. Sandvang ,&nbsp;A. Meuter ,&nbsp;H. McBride ,&nbsp;R. Sayed ,&nbsp;G. Girgis","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vas.2024.100362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A commercial triple-strain <em>Bacillus</em>-based probiotic was tested to determine its effect on the colonization of the ceca by <em>Salmonella</em> Enteritidis (SE) in commercial layer pullets. Two treatments were tested, each with containing 128 day-of-hatch LSL layer chicks. On top of a standard diet: 1) no supplement (Control, CON), and 2) Probiotic (GalliPro® Fit, 500 g/MT, 1.6 × 10⁶ CFU/g of finished feed, PRO). Environmental swabs were collected from each treatment group and tested to ensure freedom from SE prior to challenge. At 21 days of age, the SE challenge strain was administered orally at a dose of 3.3 × 10⁸ CFU/bird. Pullets from each treatment group (n=32) were euthanized at 6-, 10-, 14-, and 18-days post infection (dpi). Contents from the ceca were aseptically collected and assessed for presence and abundance of SE. No differences in the prevalence of SE positive ceca following oral inoculation (<em>P</em>&gt;0.05) were observed between treatment groups at 6-, 10-, 14-, or 18-dpi. Counts of SE in the ceca of the PRO group were not significantly different (<em>P</em>&gt;0.05) from those of CON at 6- or 10-dpi. However, significantly lower counts of SE in the ceca of the PRO group were observed at 14-dpi (<em>P</em>&lt;0.05) and 18-dpi (<em>P</em>&lt;0.05) compared with CON. SE counts were 1.24 and 1.34 logs lower than CON at 14- and 18-dpi, respectively. In conclusion, supplementation of the triple-strain <em>Bacillus</em>-based probiotic resulted in lower cecal counts of SE compared to those that did not receive an effective probiotic, thereby reducing the risk of foodborne pathogens prior to harvest through sustainable, natural methods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100362"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451943X24000292/pdfft?md5=52816f3019762a49f4446487f17a7376&pid=1-s2.0-S2451943X24000292-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141095614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of DNA extraction methods for genotyping equine histidine-rich glycoprotein insertion/deletion polymorphisms using oral mucosa swabs and feces","authors":"Ryo Muko ,&nbsp;Yoshinobu Ojima ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Matsuda ,&nbsp;Yuko Toishi ,&nbsp;Masa-aki Oikawa ,&nbsp;Taekyun Shin ,&nbsp;Hiroaki Sato ,&nbsp;Akane Tanaka","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Previously, we demonstrated unique insertion/deletion polymorphisms of equine histidine-rich glycoprotein <em>(eHRG)</em> with five genotypes composed of 45-bp or 90-bp deletions in the histidine-rich region of <em>eHRG</em> in Thoroughbred horses. Although leukocytes are typically used to collect DNA for genotyping, blood sampling from animals is sometimes difficult and invasive. Moreover, the method for extracting DNA from blood leukocytes involves complicated steps and must be performed soon after blood sampling for sensitive gene analysis. In the present study, we performed <em>eHRG</em> genotyping using DNA, isolated from oral mucosa swabs collected by rubbing the mucosa on the underside of the upper lip of horses and 100 mg of freshly excreted feces obtained by scraping their surface. In the present study, we performed <em>eHRG</em> genotyping using DNA isolated from oral mucosa swabs and feces of horses (18 Thoroughbreds, 17 mixed breeds, 2 warm bloods), and compared the accuracy of this method with that of the method using DNA from leukocytes. The DNA derived from oral mucosa swabs was sufficient in quantity and quality for <em>eHRG</em> genotyping. However, DNA derived from fecal samples requires a more sensitive detection system because of contamination with non-horse DNA, and the test quality is low. Collection of oral mucosa swabs is less invasive than blood sampling; further, oral swabs can be stored for a longer period in a specified high-quality solution. Therefore, collecting DNA samples from oral mucosa swabs is recommended for the genetic analysis of not only horses but also other animals that are not accustomed to humans.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100361"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451943X24000280/pdfft?md5=9281206a969bfa5315e76e403dcc72a5&pid=1-s2.0-S2451943X24000280-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141140644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary effects of Sclerocarya birrea caffra seed cake replacing soyabean meal on physiology, meat and bone quality of indigenous chickens","authors":"Zibukile G. Mchunu ,&nbsp;Makiwa S. Mthana ,&nbsp;Doctor M.N Mthiyane","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigated marula seed cake (MSC) as alternative protein source (APS) replacing soyabean meal (SBM) in indigenous chicken diets. Four hundred, 3-week-old Boschveld chicks were randomly allocated to 5 iso-energetic-nitrogenous maize and SBM-based grower diets with 0, 10, 15, 20, and 25 % MSC, each with 5 replicate pens of 16 birds, in a completely randomised design (CRD), for 9 weeks. Results showed that dietary MSC quadratically decreased bird overall feed intake (FI) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and body weight gain (BWG) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) as it linearly decreased the weights of hot carcass (HCW; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), spleen (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), jejunum (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), ileum (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), and caecum (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). In contrast, MSC increased chicken serum glucose (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), cholesterol (<em>P</em> = 0.001) and phosphate (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) as it decreased its amylase activity (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Also, it decreased bird meat lightness at 45 min (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and its yellowness at 45 min (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and 24 h (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) whilst it increased its redness at 45 min (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and 24 h (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) post-slaughter. In addition, MSC decreased chicken bone medial diaphysis (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) as it induced no effects (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05) on overall feed conversion efficiency (FCE) and all other parameters. In conclusion, feeding of ≤ 15 % dietary MSC is nutritionally safe for indigenous chickens whilst detrimental on bird appetite, growth and meat yield, however without significantly affecting their physiology, at higher inclusion levels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100364"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451943X24000310/pdfft?md5=3e09973657ba2ba70ef5db12a1e43457&pid=1-s2.0-S2451943X24000310-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141139987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}