Veterinary and Animal Science最新文献

Circulating microRNA profiles are associated with acute pain and stress in castrated and tail docked lambs

IF 1.9

Veterinary and Animal Science Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100445

Ryan J. Farr , Christopher Cowled , Carlos Rodrigues , Christina L. Rootes , Dana L.M. Campbell , Caroline Lee , Cameron R. Stewart , Danila Marini

{"title":"Circulating microRNA profiles are associated with acute pain and stress in castrated and tail docked lambs","authors":"Ryan J. Farr , Christopher Cowled , Carlos Rodrigues , Christina L. Rootes , Dana L.M. Campbell , Caroline Lee , Cameron R. Stewart , Danila Marini","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2025.100445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vas.2025.100445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maintaining animal welfare is an essential component of animal production systems. However, multiple measurements are required to inform an animal's welfare state as there are currently no universal measurement tools. Novel biomarkers are increasingly being explored as measures of stress, pain and disease status in livestock. Here we investigate host-encoded microRNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers of stress and pain to determine the welfare of Australian Merino sheep (<em>Ovis aries</em>) following castration and tail-docking. This study used samples from a retrospective trial that compared the effectiveness of pain-relief given to lambs following castration and tail-docking. Plasma collected from lambs at 0 h and 30 mins that received no pain relief post treatment were investigated. Over 1100 novel miRNAs were identified from deep sequencing of small RNA isolated from serum samples. Altered expression of 18 miRNAs was observed in lambs post-castration and tail-docking, of which one miRNA (oar-miR-1–3p) was previously characterised. A supervised machine learning model identified a five-miRNA signature that classified post-castrated and tail-docked sheep from pre-treatment with 99% accuracy. This study describes the characterisation of circulating miRNAs in Merino sheep and demonstrates that miRNAs may have utility for objective measures of animal welfare status in relation to pain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100445"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143767813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Concentrate supplementation during dry season enhance milk yield and quality on dromedary camel in peri urban area of Isiolo, Kenya

IF 1.9

Veterinary and Animal Science Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100446

Cyrila I. Lusala , James G. Kirimi , Levi M. Musalia , Florence K. Thiakunu

{"title":"Concentrate supplementation during dry season enhance milk yield and quality on dromedary camel in peri urban area of Isiolo, Kenya","authors":"Cyrila I. Lusala , James G. Kirimi , Levi M. Musalia , Florence K. Thiakunu","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2025.100446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vas.2025.100446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Camel milk contributes 50 % of nutrients among the desert locals in Kenya. However, frequent droughts due to climate change is the major factor affecting milk production in dromedary camels. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of concentrates supplementation on camel milk yield and quality during dry season. A feed supplement containing 17.04 % crude protein and 2864.62 Kcal/kg digestible energy was formulated using wheat bran, sorghum grain, sunflower meal and maize germ. A feeding trial was conducted with four dietary treatments i.e. ad libitum fodder browsing without concentrate supplementation (treatment 1-control) and ad libitum fodder browsing plus 1 kg, 1.5 kg and 2 kg concentrate for treatment 2, 3 and 4 respectively. A 4 × 4 Latin square design was used with eight lactating dromedary camels for 56 days and were supplemented every evening. Milking was done in the morning and milk yield recorded. Body weight and milk samples were taken fortnightly. Milk samples were analyzed for constituents and fatty acid composition. Supplementation slightly increased the protein, fat content and milk yield over the experimental period. Milk protein content for treatment 2 and 4 were similar (2.82 %). Adding 2 kg of concentrate displayed higher milk fat content (3.51 %). Total saturated fatty acids in milk were higher (68.13 %) in treatment 2. Unsaturated fatty acids remained relatively constant under all the treatments (29.9 %). Milk proximate and fatty acid profile indicated stable milk composition and supplementation increased yield. Therefore, supplementing lactating camels during dry season increase milk production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100446"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143696743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ultrasound monitoring of corpus luteum morphological evolution and serum progesterone concentration in pregnant and non-pregnant dogs: A prospective, observational study

IF 1.9

Veterinary and Animal Science Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100444

Alessandra Paganotto, Camille Langlade, Samuel Buff, Émilie Rosset

{"title":"Ultrasound monitoring of corpus luteum morphological evolution and serum progesterone concentration in pregnant and non-pregnant dogs: A prospective, observational study","authors":"Alessandra Paganotto, Camille Langlade, Samuel Buff, Émilie Rosset","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2025.100444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vas.2025.100444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The corpus luteum is the only structure producing progesterone during pregnancy in dogs. The aim of this study was to characterise morphological changes of corpora lutea in the bitch and assess their relationship with body weight, serum progesterone concentration, and multiple resorptions. We monitored 26 bitches weekly from ovulation confirmation to 35 days post-ovulation, measuring the corpora lutea diameter via ultrasound examination in combination with progesterone assays. The pregnancy rate was 80.7% (21/26), and all pregnancies were carried to term. Dogs were classified into small (5–15 kg), medium (16–39 kg), and large breeds (40–65 kg). Dog weight significantly influenced mean luteal diameter (<em>P</em> < 0.001), which ranged from a mean ± SD of 3.4 ± 0.5 mm for small dogs to 6.0 ± 0.7 mm for large dogs on the day of ovulation confirmation. From ovulation confirmation to peak, corpora lutea grew significantly (2.1 ± 1.2 mm; <em>P</em> < 0.001) and returned to their initial size by day 35. Surprisingly, one-third of maximum corpora lutea exceeded 1 cm before undergoing subsequent physiological diametric reduction. This growth in luteal diameter was positively correlated with serum progesterone concentration (<em>P</em> < 0.05). This study provides novel findings on canine corpus luteum characteristics, not previously described in literature, which could aid ovulation detection and differentiation between physiological and potentially pathological structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100444"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling growth curve parameters in Peruvian llamas using a Bayesian approach

IF 1.9

Veterinary and Animal Science Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100447

Ali William Canaza-Cayo , Rubén Herberth Mamani-Cato , Roxana Churata-Huacani , Francisco Halley Rodríguez-Huanca , Maribel Calsin-Cari , Ferdynand Marcos Huacani-Pacori , Oscar Efrain Cardenas Minaya , Júlio Sílvio de Sousa Bueno Filho

{"title":"Modeling growth curve parameters in Peruvian llamas using a Bayesian approach","authors":"Ali William Canaza-Cayo , Rubén Herberth Mamani-Cato , Roxana Churata-Huacani , Francisco Halley Rodríguez-Huanca , Maribel Calsin-Cari , Ferdynand Marcos Huacani-Pacori , Oscar Efrain Cardenas Minaya , Júlio Sílvio de Sousa Bueno Filho","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2025.100447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vas.2025.100447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study was to fit four nonlinear models (Brody, von Bertalanffy, Gompertz and Logistic) to realizations of llama weight, using frequentist and Bayesian approaches. Animals from both sexes and types (K'ara and Ch'accu) were observed. Data consisted of 43,332 monthly body weight records, taken from birth to 12 months of age from 3611 llamas, collected from 1998 to 2017 in the Quimsachata Experimental Station of the Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) in Peru. Parameters for Non-linear models for growth curves were estimated by frequentist and Bayesian procedures. The MCMC method using the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm with noninformative prior distributions was applied in the Bayesian approach. All non-linear functions closely fitted actual body weight measurements, while the Brody function provided the best fit in both frequentist and Bayesian approaches in describing the growth data of llamas. The analysis revealed that female llamas reached higher asymptotic weights than males, and K'ara-type llamas exhibited higher asymptotic weights compared to Ch'accu-type animals. The asymptotic body weight, estimated for all data using the Brody model, was 42 kg at 12 months of age in llamas from Peru. The results of this research highlight the potential of applying nonlinear functions to model the weight-age relationship in llamas using a Bayesian approach. However, limitations include the use of historical data, which may not fully represent current growth patterns, and the reliance on non-informative priors, which could be improved with prior knowledge. Future studies should refine these aspects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100447"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Network pharmacology and experimental validation of Compound Kushen Powder for the treatment of diarrhea in vivo

IF 1.9

Veterinary and Animal Science Pub Date : 2025-03-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100443

Bo Yu , Yuanfeng Zhao , Lingling Jiang , Jingrui Zhou , Haoxiang Xu , Lu Lei , Longxin Xu , Xin Wang , Shijin Bu

{"title":"Network pharmacology and experimental validation of Compound Kushen Powder for the treatment of diarrhea in vivo","authors":"Bo Yu , Yuanfeng Zhao , Lingling Jiang , Jingrui Zhou , Haoxiang Xu , Lu Lei , Longxin Xu , Xin Wang , Shijin Bu","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2025.100443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vas.2025.100443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To explore the mechanism of sophora flavescens, cortex fraxini, and pomegranate peel complex powder (Compound Kushen Powder) in the treatment of animal diarrhea, a network pharmacology approach leveraging databases like TCMSP and SwissTarget was applied in this study. Molecular docking was executed between the primary constituents and pivotal targets, enabling an additional refinement of main targets and key medications. Subsequently, a rat diarrhea model induced by folium sennae leaves was established for in vivo validation. The rats were divided into four groups: negative control group, positive control group, positive drug treatment group, and Compound Kushen Powder treatment group. Key protein targets, such as Caspase-3, IL-1β, IL-10, MMP9, STAT3, TNF, TP53, and VEGFA, essential for mitigating diarrhea in response to the composite medication were found through network pharmacology. Additionally, the results of molecular docking analysis unveiled fundamental constituents of Compound Kushen Powder, namely beta-sitosterol, ursolic acid, formononetin, and matrine, which demonstrated significant binding affinities with those identified key protein targets. The results of mRNA and protein expression analyses of rat colonic tissue validated the in vivo alterations of core genes identified through network screening. Except for IL-10 and STAT3, the expression of all targets exhibited noteworthy reductions when compared to the positive control group (<em>P</em> < 0.05). These results demonstrated that Compound Kushen Powder can inhibit inflammation and regulate cell apoptosis by modulating signaling pathways such as IL-17, TNF-α, MAPK, and NF-κB. Collectively, this study sheds light on the traditional application of complex powder for the prevention and treatment of diarrhea.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100443"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Post-vaccination evaluation of an erysipelas/parvovirus bivalent vaccine administered to sows during lactation on follicular development and piglet growth

IF 1.9

Veterinary and Animal Science Pub Date : 2025-03-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100442

E. Sánchez-Tarifa , FA. García-Vázquez , A. Vela , L. Sanjoaquín , MV. Falceto , A. Fernández-Fontelo , O. Gómez-Duran , C. Alonso , I. Hernández-Caravaca

{"title":"Post-vaccination evaluation of an erysipelas/parvovirus bivalent vaccine administered to sows during lactation on follicular development and piglet growth","authors":"E. Sánchez-Tarifa , FA. García-Vázquez , A. Vela , L. Sanjoaquín , MV. Falceto , A. Fernández-Fontelo , O. Gómez-Duran , C. Alonso , I. Hernández-Caravaca","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2025.100442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vas.2025.100442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vaccines against <em>Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae</em> (ER) and porcine parvovirus (PPV) are employed in sow farms worldwide. This study evaluated the impact of administering a bivalent ER/PPV vaccine during lactation. Multiparous sows (<em>n</em> = 83) of two different farms (A (herd size 900 sows) and B (1000 sows)) were allocated in two different groups: 1) sows inoculated with saline solution (non-vaccinated group); 2) sows inoculated with the bivalent vaccine against ER/PPV (vaccinated group). The injections were administered at ∼11 days of lactation. The study was conducted in four different experiments: the first experiment, evaluating the female genital tract (uterus and ovary) and follicle development, was performed in culled sows (<em>n</em> = 19) of Farm A the day after weaning (∼24 days). The remaining experiments, which examined internal temperature, offspring growth, and sow feed intake, were conducted at Farm B (<em>n</em> = 64). The results of follicle populations, showed a greater frequency of large follicles in non-vaccinated compared to vaccinated sows was observed (<em>p</em> < 0.001). The final weight of the piglets and their weight gain were higher in the non-vaccinated group (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05). A statistical trend was also observed in the average weight gain of piglets. No differences were observed regarding sow´s rectal temperature between groups around the period of injection but the vaccinated group consumed less sow feed on the day of injection (<em>p</em> = 0.016). In conclusion, the administration of this vaccine against ER/PPV during the lactation period had a negative impact on follicle development, sow feed intake, and offspring weight gain and final weight.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100442"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimizing rangeland use: Forage selection and grazing patterns of Nguni and Bonsmara cattle across traditional and commercial systems 优化牧场利用：恩古尼牛和邦斯马拉牛在传统和商业系统中的牧草选择和放牧模式

IF 1.9

Veterinary and Animal Science Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100436

Mhlangabezi Slayi , Ishmael Festus Jaja

{"title":"Optimizing rangeland use: Forage selection and grazing patterns of Nguni and Bonsmara cattle across traditional and commercial systems","authors":"Mhlangabezi Slayi , Ishmael Festus Jaja","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2025.100436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vas.2025.100436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined the grazing dynamics of Nguni and Bonsmara cattle across traditional communal and commercial ranching systems in semi-arid South Africa. Eighty cattle (<em>n</em> = 20 per breed and management system) were monitored over 12 months to assess grazing behavior, forage selection, and environmental interactions. Data collection involved direct behavioral observations, GPS tracking of movement patterns, and forage quality assessments across seasons. Significant breed-specific differences were observed, with Nguni cattle exhibiting longer grazing durations (<em>p</em> = 0.02), higher step rates (<em>p</em> = 0.03), and broader dietary flexibility (<em>p</em> = 0.04) in communal systems, enabling efficient utilization of lower-quality forage. Conversely, Bonsmara cattle, optimized for commercial production, displayed a preference for high-quality forage and engaged in shorter, more concentrated grazing bouts (<em>p</em> = 0.01), leading to superior weight gain (<em>p</em> = 0.03) in nutrient-rich pastures. Seasonal fluctuations significantly influenced grazing behavior, with reduced forage availability during the dry season disproportionately affecting Bonsmara cattle in communal areas (<em>p</em> = 0.02). These findings underscore the importance of breed selection and adaptive grazing management for optimizing livestock productivity and sustainability across diverse agroecological systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100436"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy metabolomic approach to renal dysfunction in canine leishmaniasis

IF 1.9

Veterinary and Animal Science Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100440

Ángela Durán-Galea , José-Luis Ramiro-Alcobendas , FrancisoJavier Duque-Carrasco , Paloma Nicolás-Barceló , José-Ignacio Cristóbal-Verdejo , Patricia Ruíz-Tapia , Rafael Barrera-Chacón , Carlos F. Marcos

{"title":"A nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy metabolomic approach to renal dysfunction in canine leishmaniasis","authors":"Ángela Durán-Galea , José-Luis Ramiro-Alcobendas , FrancisoJavier Duque-Carrasco , Paloma Nicolás-Barceló , José-Ignacio Cristóbal-Verdejo , Patricia Ruíz-Tapia , Rafael Barrera-Chacón , Carlos F. Marcos","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2025.100440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vas.2025.100440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major complication and the leading cause of mortality in canine leishmaniasis (CanL). The kidneys are essential for numerous metabolic processes, and specific metabolites may serve as predictive biomarkers of kidney function. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a prominent analytical tool in metabolomics, capable of identifying metabolites in urine. This study aim to identify distinct patterns in the NMR spectra of urine samples from dogs with CKD in CanL, reflecting the underlying metabolic profiles</div><div>Fifty-five dogs were divided into three groups: 14 healthy control dogs (CG), 33 dogs with CKD secondary to leishmaniasis, and 8 dogs with CKD unrelated to leishmaniasis. CanL dogs were classified according to the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) staging system: stage 1 (15 dogs), stage 2 (10 dogs), stage 3 (6 dogs), and stage 4 (2 dogs); and by LeishVet guidelines: stage I (5 dogs), stage II (4 dogs), stage III (14 dogs), and stage IV (10 dogs). Among dogs with CKD alone, one dog was in IRIS stage 1, two in stage 2, one in stage 3, and four in stage 4.</div><div>Low-field proton nuclear magnetic resonance (<sup>1</sup>H NMR) spectroscopy and multivariate analysis were used to classify urine samples. Statistical analysis was conducted on hematology, urine and plasma samples from studied dogs.</div><div>Using <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy to classify urine samples from dogs with CKD, both with and without leishmaniasis, revealed distinct spectral patterns between the different groups.</div><div>In conclusion, low-field <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy demonstrated that CKD presents a distinct metabolic profile compared to kidney damage secondary to leishmaniasis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100440"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The early pregnancy in mares - What do we still not know?

IF 1.9

Veterinary and Animal Science Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100441

Marta Siemieniuch-Tartanus

{"title":"The early pregnancy in mares - What do we still not know?","authors":"Marta Siemieniuch-Tartanus","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2025.100441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vas.2025.100441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Equine conceptus development is a critical study area due to its significant implications for the equine breeding industry. Following a high fertilization success rate of 71–96 % (Ball, 1988), it is concerning that 30–40 % of developing embryos may not survive beyond the crucial initial two weeks of gestation, coinciding with the onset of gastrulation (Ball, 1988).</div><div>The pregnancy in mares lasts 330–345 days. The underlying molecular mechanisms of the embryonic period are not fully explained in mares. During early pregnancy in mares, the following takes place: the descent of the blastocyst from the oviduct to the uterus around 5–6 days post-fertilization; migration of the spherical conceptus, surrounded by a glycoprotein capsule in the uterine lumen; fixation of the vesicle near the base of the uterine horn around 16–17 days post-fertilization; implantation; development of endometrial cups that produce chorionic gonadotropin, as well as an additional corpus luteum that produces progesterone. In mares, there is no clear determination of what constitutes the early signal of pregnancy recognition. The results of previous research indicate that mechanical stimuli, <em>i.e.</em> the movement of the conceptus in the uterine lumen, trigger a cascade of molecular events in the endometrium responsible for the luteostasis and the maintenance of early pregnancy in mares.</div><div>This study aims to provide a synthetic summary of the knowledge we have gained so far about early pregnancy and to attempt to answer the question of what molecular mechanisms underlie maternal recognition of pregnancy in mares.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100441"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143576902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Black oil sunflower seed ingestion and suspected acute lipid toxicity in 4 alpacas

IF 1.9

Veterinary and Animal Science Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100438

Chelsea C. Pulter , Omar A. Gonzales-Viera , Beckie Perell , Emma Deane , Asli Mete

{"title":"Black oil sunflower seed ingestion and suspected acute lipid toxicity in 4 alpacas","authors":"Chelsea C. Pulter , Omar A. Gonzales-Viera , Beckie Perell , Emma Deane , Asli Mete","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2025.100438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vas.2025.100438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Four adult female alpacas from the same property in Loomis, CA developed clinical signs of recumbency, lethargy, anorexia, and had abdominal pain at least 48 h after incidental ingestion of a large volume of black oil sunflower seeds. One alpaca died, one was euthanized and necropsied, and two alpacas were treated by Loomis Equine Medical Center. The necropsied alpaca was found to have ingested numerous black oil sunflower seeds along with erosion and ulceration of the distal esophagus, C1, and C2 chambers. Ancillary tests performed were without significant findings. Treatment for the suspected acute toxicity in two alpacas included IV fluids, injectable antibiotics, and activated charcoal by orogastric tube. Sunflower seeds and lipid containing fluid were recovered from one of the alpacas that was euthanized due to poor prognosis. Overall, three of the four alpacas died or were euthanized, and one survived with outpatient treatment.</div><div>Our current case series shows significant morbidity and high mortality from the ingestion of highly available lipid, in the form of easily shelled black oil sunflower seeds. The large amount of lipid inhibits the activity of the forestomach bacteria and coats the fibrous feed, overwhelming the body's ability to metabolize unsaturated lipids. We also surmise that the seed hulls are traumatic to the camelid's esophagus and forestomach mucosa causing mucosal ulceration and eventual sepsis. We conclude that excessive levels of lipid may be fatal in alpacas, and that diets with high lipid content such as black oil sunflower seeds should not be fed to camelids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100438"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0