Atmospheric Environment: X最新文献

{"title":"Decoding ozone pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei: A machine learning approach to disentangling meteorological and anthropogenic drivers","authors":"Xiaoyong Liu ,&nbsp;Hang Liu ,&nbsp;Fangcheng Su ,&nbsp;Dan Yao ,&nbsp;Hongrui Li ,&nbsp;Jiqiang Niu","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tropospheric ozone (O₃) pollution poses a significant challenge in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region. This study leverages a multi-model machine learning ensemble combining Random Forest (RF), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), and Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP), integrated with meteorological normalization to quantitatively dissect the drivers of surface O₃ from 2015 to 2024. The ensemble model demonstrated strong predictive performance, with the constituent models achieving coefficients of determination (R²) ranging from 0.798 to 0.898 and root mean square error (RMSE) between 16.13 and 22.68 μg/m³ on the test set. Our results reveal a triphasic interannual evolution: a sharp O₃ increase during 2015–2018 driven jointly by rising emissions and unfavorable meteorology; a decline during 2019–2021 primarily due to emission reductions, reinforced by favorable weather; and a post-2022 rebound fueled by resurgent emissions and deteriorating meteorology. Anthropogenic emissions dominate the long-term trend, accounting for 71.3% of regional O₃ anomalies, while meteorology explains 28.7%. City-level analysis identifies two distinct patterns—emission-dominated industrial hubs (e.g., Shijiazhuang, Xingtai, Handan, Beijing, Tianjin) and meteorology-moderated cities (e.g., Zhangjiakou, Chengde). SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis, corroborated by Pearson correlation and control-variable methods, identifies near-surface temperature as the most critical meteorological driver, with southerly winds highlighting the importance of regional transport. These findings demonstrate that despite meteorological modulation, long-term O₃ trends in the BTH region are fundamentally anchored to anthropogenic emissions, necessitating locally tailored, sustained emission controls to achieve meaningful ozone mitigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100460"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147849897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement uncertainty in odor emission measurements - conclusions from 10 years of proficiency testing","authors":"Jens Cordes,&nbsp;Benno Stoffels,&nbsp;Dominik Wildanger","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dynamic olfactometry according to EN 13725 is widely used as the standard method for quantifying odor emissions, yet its measurement uncertainty remains debated. This study evaluates ten years (2015–2024) of proficiency testing data, including more than 1900 measurements on a stack simulator and compares these with over 1000 real-world emission analyses. The key findings are a repeatability standard deviation (<em>s</em>_<em>r</em>) of 0.53 dB_od and a reproducibility standard deviation (<em>s</em>_<em>R</em>) of 2.55 dB_od for general odors. The expanded uncertainty (95% confidence) is estimated at 5.10 dB_od. For the reference odorant <em>n</em>-butanol, <em>s</em>_<em>R</em> was lower (1.87 dB_od), reflecting assessor pre-screening. Importantly, the sample composition (single substances versus complex mixtures) did not impact variability. Our results demonstrate that proficiency tests on a stack simulator accurately reflect real-world variability, challenging previous assumptions of lower uncertainties (≤2 dB_od). The findings underscore the need for revised uncertainty estimates in regulatory frameworks. This work provides the most comprehensive empirical basis to date for optimizing the implementation of EN 13725 and guiding future standardization efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100450"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147703244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ship Emission Factors for Volatile Organic Compounds and PM1 from land-based observations in an Emission Control Area of France","authors":"Erwan Volent ,&nbsp;Quentin Gunti ,&nbsp;Barbara D’Anna ,&nbsp;Joel F. De Brito ,&nbsp;Marina Jamar ,&nbsp;Brice Temime-Roussel ,&nbsp;Jana Moldanova ,&nbsp;Hilkka Timonen ,&nbsp;Heidi Hellen ,&nbsp;Grazia Lanzafame ,&nbsp;Miikka Dal Maso ,&nbsp;Sylvain Roze ,&nbsp;Véronique Riffault ,&nbsp;Liselotte Tinel ,&nbsp;Stéphane Sauvage","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100459","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study presents new Emission Factors (EFs) for regulated and non-regulated pollutants from ferries obtained from a land-based measurement campaign in the harbour of Dunkirk, northern France. Despite Dunkirk being in a sulphur and NO&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;x&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Emission Control Area (ECA), we show that SO&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; remains a reliable tracer of ship emissions in this harbour. A comprehensive suite of gas and particulate phase pollutants was investigated, focusing on 68 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and 5 components of particles below 1 &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;μ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;m (PM&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) In total, 149 plumes were detected from three similar ferries. Individual EFs were calculated for 84 pollutants, including different navigational phases. Clear identification of the ship plumes led to the robustness of EF estimates, as shown by the low sensitivity to the background correction method. Particle Number (PN) showed a ship specific unimodal distribution around 91 nm. The EF(PN) ranged from 1.04&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;⋅&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;16&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; to 2.57&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;⋅&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;16&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; particles kg&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;fuel&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msubsup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, which is about three times higher than those recently reported in Marseille, southern France. The EFs of the particulate phase components are dominated by Organic Aerosols (OAs) with an interquartile range between 3.79 and 6.82 g kg&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;fuel&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msubsup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, two to three orders of magnitude higher than nitrates (NO&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msubsup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) and sulphates (SO&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msubsup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;). The EFs of VOCs are dominated by oxygenated species, such as acetaldehyde (165.6 – 278.9 mg kg&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;fuel&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msubsup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) and methanol (94.56–309 mg kg&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;fuel&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msubsup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;). The second most emitted group of VOCs are the C&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; compounds, with notably cyclopentane (C&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;H&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;10&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;⋅&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;H&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;+&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100459"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147849894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of approaches to identify long-range transport of biomass burning in an urban atmosphere","authors":"Mackenzie T.S. Ramirez ,&nbsp;Lucas Senkbeil ,&nbsp;María Eugenia Velasco ,&nbsp;James H. Flynn III ,&nbsp;Sascha Usenko","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) of carbonaceous aerosols from biomass burning (BB) can influence urban air quality, complicating downwind source attribution. Routine monitoring (e.g., PM_2.5 bulk concentration) struggles to distinguish BB emissions from the complex, high background mixture of anthropogenic emissions typically found in urban areas. Therefore, a key challenge is distinguishing a unique, reliable BB tracer suitable for long-term urban monitoring, particularly when BB signatures are diluted from transport or masked by urban sources. Here, a three-year BB tracer study evaluated three unique approaches in Houston, TX with a complex mixture of local sources and frequent impacts from LRAT of BB and Saharan dust. The BB tracer approaches 1) absorption and scattering Ångström exponents (i.e., aerosol optical), 2) NOAA hazard mapping system smoke product (i.e., satellite observation), and 3) PM_2.5/CO ratios (i.e., BB emission ratios) identified BB influence at varying rates due to fundamental methodological differences (i.e., composition, concentration, and remote sensing). The aerosol optical approach identified BB influence on ∼1 out of 5 days, compared to ∼3 in 5 days of smoke aloft for satellite observations. The emission ratio approach indicated BB ∼2 in 5 days, with periods of dust misclassified as BB. Using the aerosol optical approach as a conservative estimate, the average PM_2.5 during BB-influenced days was 10.5 ± 4.0 μg m⁻³ exceeding the 2024 annual PM_2.5 standard of 9 μg m⁻³. This study provides a framework for identifying BB influence, improving understanding of its contribution to urban air quality, and thereby supporting effective monitoring and management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100438"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147602470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing exposure to outdoor urban air pollution throughout pregnancy (NELA birth cohort study) with the AIRNELA modelling system","authors":"Pedro Jiménez-Guerrero ,&nbsp;Azahara García-Serna ,&nbsp;María Muñoz-García ,&nbsp;Manuel Sánchez-Solís ,&nbsp;Luis García-Marcos ,&nbsp;Eva Morales","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental exposures during pregnancy have been increasingly recognized as critical determinants of maternal and child health. While outdoor air pollution has been consistently associated with impaired lung function and asthma-related outcomes, evidence on trimester-specific exposures and their long-term respiratory effects remains limited. In this study, we developed and validated the high-resolution AIRNELA modelling framework to be used in the NELA birth cohort (region of Murcia, southeastern Spain). Residential outdoor exposures to NO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>, tropospheric O<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>, PM10 and PM2.5 throughout have been estimated during pregnancy. The system integrates nested domains until reaching 0.5 km resolution over southern Spain, combining meteorology, emissions, and chemistry-transport processes, and was evaluated against in situ observations. Model outputs revealed distinct spatial and temporal exposure patterns, with trimester-specific variability and moderate-to-strong inter-pollutant correlations, particularly between particulate matter fractions and NO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>. Median exposure levels varied across maternal and residential characteristics, highlighting socioeconomic and urban-rural contrasts. The results demonstrate that AIRNELA enables refined characterization of individual exposures compared with traditional monitoring-based approaches, thereby reducing misclassification in epidemiological analyses. This work provides robust exposure estimates and a validated modelling strategy for the NELA cohort, supporting investigations into the role of prenatal air pollution in childhood respiratory outcomes and offering a framework for integrating atmospheric modelling into birth cohort studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100458"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioural strategies for electric mobility in urban environments: A systematic review and policy outlook","authors":"Gonçalo Santinha,&nbsp;Jéssica Tavares,&nbsp;Rafaela Oliveira,&nbsp;Alexandre Fernandes","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving low-carbon mobility in urban environments requires not only technological innovation but also sustained behavioural change. However, policy and research have predominantly focused on economic incentives and infrastructure provision, while behavioural strategies, particularly nudging, remain comparatively underexplored. This article presents a systematic review focused specifically on nudge-based interventions promoting electric mobility. Following the PRISMA protocol, an initial search identified 476 records, from which 29 studies (2013–2025) were selected based on predefined eligibility criteria. The review combines bibliometric and qualitative analyses to examine publication trends, geographical distribution, methodological approaches, theoretical frameworks, and the types and effectiveness of nudge interventions. The results reveal a strong predominance of informational nudges, particularly those aimed at translating complex technical or economic information into simpler and more accessible formats. Interventions targeting decision structures (e.g., default options) and decision support (e.g., feedback or reminders) are comparatively less represented. The literature is heavily concentrated in high-income contexts and relies predominantly on short-term experimental designs focused on individual-level behaviour, often overlooking systemic drivers, contextual variation, and equity implications. Overall, the findings indicate that while nudges can positively influence electric vehicle–related decisions, their effects are generally modest and context-dependent. This highlights the need to combine behavioural interventions with infrastructural and policy measures. The review identifies key gaps in theoretical integration, methodological diversity, and user segmentation, and argues for embedding behavioural insights within broader urban policy and environmental planning frameworks to support more inclusive and effective pathways towards low-carbon mobility and reduced transport-related emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100452"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147703246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing local CO2 emission inventories with tall tower flux measurements in Vienna, Austria","authors":"Enrichetta Fasano ,&nbsp;Bradley Matthews ,&nbsp;Francesco Vuolo ,&nbsp;Helmut Schume","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accuracy in city CO₂ inventories can be evaluated using independent approaches based on atmospheric measurements. Here, CO₂ fluxes observed with eddy covariance (EC) at 144 m above the city of Vienna are compared against two official inventories (<em>Bundesländerluftschadstoff-Inventur</em>, BLI; <em>Emissionskataster der Stadt Wien</em>, Emikat). The two datasets were integrated (spatial downscaling of BLI according to Emikat; temporal extrapolation of Emikat according to BLI) to produce respective maps of annual emissions, which were further augmented with bottom-up estimates of human respiration, and additionally resolved according to 30 min temporal proxies. For comparison against EC, the spatially-explicit inventories at annual and half-hour scales were intersected and weighted by flux footprints estimated with two different models (Kljun et al. (2015), K; Kormann and Meixner (2001), KM). An encouraging degree of similarity in relative inter- and sub-annual trends between the inventories and the EC fluxes was observed. In terms of emission levels, agreement between inventories and EC, expressed by the inventory-flux closure ratio (IFCR), ranged from 0.58 to 0.83. Generally, IFCRs were insensitive to temporal resolution of the comparison and the stringency of flux filtering. Instead, IFCRs varied according to the combination of footprint and inventory, with the lowest IFCRs observed for the BLI sampled with KM, and the highest IFCRs observed for the Emikat intersected with K. The variation in IFCRs underscores the need for further research and standardisation on flux footprints yet also provide meaningful indications on the accuracy of the two inventories, which may have implications for local climate policy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100443"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147602469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of sunshine duration with all-cause and cardiorespiratory disease mortality in Beijing, China: A time-series analysis","authors":"Yaoyu Hu ,&nbsp;Yayuan Mei ,&nbsp;Yanbing Li ,&nbsp;Runkui Li ,&nbsp;Meiduo Zhao ,&nbsp;Jing Xu ,&nbsp;Qun Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Recent studies have yielded conflicting results regarding the health effects of sunshine, with some suggesting benefits and others indicating adverse effects. This study investigates the relationship between sunshine duration and cause-specific mortality in Beijing, China, from 2008 to 2011.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We assessed the non-linear, lagged effects of sunshine duration on mortality risk using a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) combined with quasi-Poisson regression. We determined the minimum mortality sunshine duration based on the overall cumulative relationship between sunshine duration and mortality, and calculated the attributable fractions of mortality for both long and short sunshine durations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study encompassed 289,743 non-external deaths, 145,477 cardiovascular deaths, and 29,779 respiratory deaths in Beijing. A J-shaped association was observed between sunshine duration and all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality. The estimated attributable fractions of mortality due to non-optimum sunshine duration were 7.21% (95% empirical confidence interval [eCI]: 3.16, 11.01%), 8.57% (95% eCI: 2.04, 14.69%), 14.03% (95% eCI: 5.36, 21.42%) for all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality, respectively, with a larger estimated burden attributed to sunshine duration above the MMSD than below it. No significant differences were found across gender or age subgroups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Non-optimum sunshine duration was associated with all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality in Beijing. These findings may have implications for understanding the health effects of sunshine duration at the population level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100454"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147740441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambient observations indicating most regions in China have not reached the threshold for ammonia control to effectively reduce PM2.5","authors":"Mingming Zheng ,&nbsp;Jiawen Wang ,&nbsp;Li Peng ,&nbsp;Lin Yang ,&nbsp;Xinxin Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ammonia control has attracted increasing attention as a measure to mitigating fine particulate matters (PM_2.5). Modeling analysis of observational data across 35 Chinese cities shows that almost two-thirds of cities cannot effectively reduce PM_2.5 through ammonia control, requiring additional ammonia abatement ranging of 4%-44% (0.17-6.45 μg m⁻³) to reach the critical threshold. Further exploration of ammonia control's effect on PM_2.5 under China's dual-carbon-aligned future strategies was conducted via 2030-2060 simulations across four scenarios. Although the PM_2.5 abatement performance of ammonia control gradually improves with stricter policy scenarios and temporal progression, the nationwide average inorganic PM_2.5 reduction is capped at 15.4% even under the stringent 2060 Neutral-goals scenario. We further assessed the relative effectiveness of individual SO₂, NO_x, NH₃ control, and their co-control combination for PM_2.5 mitigation. SO₂+NO_x is the most effective combination for inorganic PM_2.5 mitigation across 85.7% of the studied cities. Notably, the ΔWSI discrepancies between SO₂+NO_x and SO₂+NO_x+ NH₃ are below 5% and 10% in 51.4% and 88.6% of cities, respectively. Other cities prioritizing ammonia control or ammonia-containing control combinations align with the threshold indication for effectively reducing PM_2.5 through ammonia control mentioned above.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100461"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147849895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of natural gas leak sources using ethane/methane ratios and methane isotopic signatures","authors":"Yuheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Wang Tian ,&nbsp;Chuanfeng Wang ,&nbsp;Keyu Chen ,&nbsp;Yufei Huang ,&nbsp;Jietao Zhou ,&nbsp;Tianran Han ,&nbsp;Yanrong Yang ,&nbsp;Chang Liu ,&nbsp;Xinyi Chen ,&nbsp;Haijiong Sun ,&nbsp;Shao-Meng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Methane (CH₄) is the second largest greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Its global anthropogenic emissions are equivalent to about 20% of total GHG emissions in CO₂-equivalent terms. Source identification for atmospheric CH₄, however, is not straight forward. This study conducted mobile measurements of CH₄, C₂H₆, CO₂, CO and stable CH₄ carbon isotope composition (δ¹³C-CH₄) at three natural gas compressor stations in China to obtain source signatures for ΔC₂H₆/ΔCH₄ (C₂:C₁) and δ¹³C-CH₄. The two northern stations showed consistent ΔC₂H₆/ΔCH₄ ratios (0.059 and 0.056) and δ¹³C-CH₄ values (−40.59 ‰ and −40.93 ‰), while the southern station exhibited a lower ratio (0.022) and less ¹³C-depleted δ¹³C-CH₄ values (−39.34 ‰), indicating different gas supply sources. Using these signatures, mobile surveys in adjacent urban and suburban areas identified 17 and 9 CH₄ emission sources near the northern and southern stations, respectively, with 58.9% and 66.7% attributed to natural gas leaks. On-road leak magnitudes spanned 0.77-101.69 L/min around Station #1 and 0.38-26.78 L/min around Station #3. In both regions, detections were dominated by small leaks (&lt;4 L/min), including cases with multiple plume peaks evaluated individually. These findings highlight the effectiveness and practical importance of a dual-tracer approach for mobile platforms to reliably identify and quantify natural-gas-related CH₄ sources along road networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100434"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147394895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}