Atmospheric Environment: X最新文献

{"title":"Simulation of wake vortex transport of ultrafine particle emissions from the glide path to the ground","authors":"Frank Holzäpfel","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultrafine particle (UFP) emissions of aircraft may cause serious adverse health effects. The current study considers the transport of UFP emissions via the wake vortices generated by aircraft approaching Frankfurt Airport down to the ground. For this purpose, the fast-time Probabilistic Two-Phase wake vortex prediction model P2P has been enhanced for the prediction of the transport of a passive tracer with the descending wake vortex oval. The parameterisation of tracer transport considers the associated turbulent mixing processes of the vortex oval with its environment and the detrainment into a secondary wake, both causing the dilution of the tracer. The study considers the wind conditions prevailing in the year 2019 and the respective traffic mix of Frankfurt Airport. The presented results comprise the dwell times of the wake vortices reaching the ground, the corresponding passive tracer concentrations and the UFP numbers. The computed UFP numbers are set into perspective to UFP number concentrations measured at a distance of about 4 km to the airport using a mobile ground measuring station. It is found that the UFP emissions of approaching aircraft are small compared to other sources at the airport. Even UFP counts of direct wake vortex hits on the ground are on the order of the background concentrations. At a distance of 9 km from the runway ends the UFP numbers drop to less than 1% of the maximum ground immissions occurring near the runway thresholds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100446"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147650575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance and application of air quality models in Indonesia: A systematic review of progress, challenges, and future directions","authors":"Vera Surtia Bachtiar ,&nbsp;Purnawan Purnawan ,&nbsp;Assyifa Raudina ,&nbsp;Haura Rafifah Ilvi Habibah","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Air pollution remains a major environmental and health challenge in Indonesia, driven by rapid urbanization, industrial expansion, and transport emissions. This study provides a systematic review of the progress, challenges, and future directions in the performance and application of air-quality models across Indonesia from 2010 to 2024. A total of 122 peer-reviewed studies were analyzed using PRISMA 2020 guidelines, covering deterministic models such as AERMOD, CALINE4, WRF-Chem, CALPUFF, and HYSPLIT, as well as emerging machine-learning approaches. Results show that deterministic models remain dominant for urban and industrial assessments, yet their performance is limited by incomplete emission inventories, sparse monitoring networks, and complex tropical meteorology. Recent advances using machine learning, low-cost sensors, and satellite data have improved forecasting, though integration with policy and regulatory frameworks remains limited. Overall, Indonesia's modeling landscape is progressing but fragmented. Strengthening emission databases, enhancing model validation, and improving collaboration between research institutions and policymakers are essential, providing key scientific evidence to support the development of data-driven and policy-integrated air quality management frameworks in tropical archipelagic environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100457"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wind-driven ash mobilization in post-wildfire Mediterranean forests: Wind tunnel insights","authors":"S. Rafael ,&nbsp;L.P. Correia ,&nbsp;M. Rebelo ,&nbsp;S. Sorte ,&nbsp;R. Martins ,&nbsp;V. Rodrigues ,&nbsp;O. González-Pelayo ,&nbsp;C. Borrego ,&nbsp;A.I. Miranda ,&nbsp;J.J. Keizer","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wildfires alter multiple components of forest ecosystems, with post-fire ash forming surface layers that can be mobilised by wind. Although wind erosion is recognised as a relevant post-fire process, the mechanisms controlling ash detachment remain poorly understood. This study examines wind-driven ash detachment using a boundary layer wind tunnel and plate mass loss curves as a direct detachment indicator of ash layers from different forest types. Ash was collected from two sites in mainland Portugal dominated by young maritime pine (YP), mature maritime pine (MP), and eucalyptus (E3), and subjected to two levels of crown consumption (low, LCC; high, HCC). Five ash layer depths (1, 2, 5, 10, 20 mm) were tested for each sample. Results show that thicker layers (5-20 mm) were more easily mobilised at moderate wind speeds (4-6 m s⁻¹). Eucalyptus ash exhibited the highest resistance to detachment (5.4-7.2 m s⁻¹), compared to YP (4.4-5.5 m s⁻¹) and MP (4.0-5.6 m s⁻¹). These findings demonstrate clear interactions between ash properties, layer depth, and wind erosion peak-loss velocities, offering new insights into post-wildfire ash detachment and its potential for wind-driven redistribution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100448"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of urban carbon flux patterns: A case study of Hefei station","authors":"Zhongwei Lu ,&nbsp;Renmin Yuan ,&nbsp;Jiajia Hua ,&nbsp;Jiaoxu Mei ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Gao ,&nbsp;Xueyong Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cities are now central to global efforts to reduce CO₂ emissions, as they represent the major anthropogenic sources of carbon. Consequently, compiling urban carbon inventories, refining monitoring techniques, and investigating the distribution of sources and sinks in complex urban environments have become increasingly urgent. This study is based on data from an Eddy Covariance (EC) tower operated by the University of Science and Technology of China in downtown Hefei. The site represents a campus-influenced urban environment, with campus lawns and low-rise buildings in the near field and major roads in the broader footprint. By integrating high-resolution spatial data with flux-footprint modeling, we analyze the spatiotemporal patterns of urban CO₂ fluxes and their key drivers. Results show that CO₂ fluxes on weekdays exhibit a distinct bimodal diurnal cycle, while weekend emissions are 31.93% lower. Seasonal variability is governed by human activity and vegetation photosynthesis; winter emissions are 4.8-fold higher than those in summer. Spatial analysis attributes 4.36 kg CO₂·m⁻²·yr⁻¹ to urban traffic, the dominant source in the study area. After gap-filling missing observations with an artificial neural network (ANN) and an improved marginal-distribution-sampling (iMDS) method, the annual regional emission is estimated at 4.81 kg CO₂·m⁻²·yr⁻¹. The fact that urban traffic emissions account for roughly 91% of the total indicates that non-traffic sources largely offset one another, such that, once traffic is excluded, the study area is close to a carbon-neutral state.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100451"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147740440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of nucleation mode traffic emission on modelled high-resolution particle number concentrations in Beijing","authors":"Xiaoyu Li ,&nbsp;Pauli Paasonen ,&nbsp;Jenni Kontkanen ,&nbsp;Dian Ding ,&nbsp;Yifan Wen ,&nbsp;Chao Yan ,&nbsp;Leena Järvi","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The size distribution of particles emitted from road traffic substantially influences urban air quality and human health. There is however a limited understanding on the importance of the emission number size distributions, especially for particles smaller than 50 nm, in neighbourhood-scale air quality modelling. We used the large-eddy simulation PALM–SALSA model to investigate the influence of traffic emissions and their number size distributions on pedestrian-level particle concentrations in Beijing. The simulations were driven by particle size distributions from emission model GAINS, roadside field measurements, and engine laboratory experiments. With constant total traffic emissions and only modifying the shape of the emission number size distribution to better represent smaller particles, the modelled total particle number concentrations (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) decreased less than 4% compared to the simulation using GAINS. When experimental-based nucleation mode vehicle emissions were introduced, the total particle number emissions increased to 12-fold when compared to GAINS, leading to a pronounced rise in <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> (up to 560%), particularly in the number concentration of smallest particles. Owing to aerosol dynamics, the increase in <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> within the street canyon was lower than the relative increase in vehicle emissions. PM₁ (Particulate Matter with a diameter smaller than 1 <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>m) remained largely unchanged. These results highlight the importance of nucleation-mode traffic emissions for modelling urban <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, whereas their influence on PM₁ and LDSA (Lung-Deposited Surface Area) appears comparatively minor at the neighbourhood scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100453"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147740399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Connecting inland ship emissions from on-board sampling, onshore measurements and large-eddy simulations","authors":"Philipp Eger ,&nbsp;Daniel Weber ,&nbsp;Svenja Sommer ,&nbsp;Matthias Sühring ,&nbsp;Helge Knoop ,&nbsp;Alex Zavarsky","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present the results of a comparison between inland ship exhaust emissions derived from onshore and on-board measurements, and numerical simulations. Our aim is to discuss the applicability and potential limitations of commonly used approaches to determine ship-related air pollutant emissions. For this purpose, we made a push boat pass a measurement station on an inland canal repeatedly under similar driving conditions. We observed a large variability in the detected pollutant concentration peaks with regard to their amplitude, shape and time of occurrence, both in measurement and model. We trace this back to randomly distributed turbulence, which strongly affects the plume dispersion close to the emission source. Consequently, it is hardly possible to reliably derive an emission rate based on a single ship plume measurement onshore. In contrast, an emission factor can be reliably deduced from individual measurements, as revealed by the good agreement between onshore and on-board measurement data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100449"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147703243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Queueing-driven transportation emissions and near-road exposure at a binational port of entry: An AERMOD assessment","authors":"Mayra Chavez,&nbsp;Leonardo Vazquez-Raygoza,&nbsp;Wen-Whai Li","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Queueing-driven transportation emissions at international ports of entry create localized air pollution hotspots affecting commuters, pedestrians, and facility workers. This study examines the Bridge of the Americas, a U.S.-Mexico port of entry in El Paso, Texas, using continuous Federal Equivalent Method monitoring and AERMOD dispersion modeling to assess traffic-related air pollutants. Monitored PM_2.5 and NO₂ concentrations were elevated at the port compared to a nearby reference site. Modeling showed that concentrations plateau once vehicle queues exceed 270 m, with levels declining tenfold within 200 m of the traffic lanes. Pedestrians experienced 75% of in-lane pollutant concentrations, and toll booth workers 66%. Modeled contributions accounted for 51% of PM_2.5, 147% of PM₁₀, and 7% of NO₂ relative to monitored averages. Findings demonstrate how queue length, traffic mix, and weather impact exposure and support strategies, such as queue management, lane design, and walkway placement, to reduce emissions at border crossings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100456"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cleaner household coal combustion and emissions performance of a semi-continuous cookstove","authors":"Ntsitlola F. Nthatisi,&nbsp;Hein WJP. Neomagus,&nbsp;Frikkie H. Conradie,&nbsp;John R. Bunt,&nbsp;Stuart Piketh","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional cookstoves in developing regions exhibit low thermal efficiency and elevated emissions, contributing to environmental and health concerns. This study experimentally investigates an enhanced cross-draft semi-continuous cookstove within the South African context. The stove incorporates a grate-shaking mechanism designed to prevent ash accumulation and maintain airflow during combustion. Four types of South African bituminous coal (A, B, C, and D) were evaluated under high and low-power operating conditions to assess thermal performance and emission characteristics. The results indicate that high-power conditions produced greater firepower and cooking power, whereas low-power operation yielded higher thermal efficiency for selected coal types. Type A exhibited the highest emissions of CO₂, CO, and PM, while Type D showed comparatively lower emissions. SO₂ and NOx emissions increased under high-power conditions, consistent with temperature-dependent sulphur and nitrogen reaction pathways. Notably, the overall PM emissions of 6.8–13.5 g/kg were substantially lower than values reported in the literature for comparable coal-based cookstoves. Temperature stratification between the hopper and combustion chamber influenced overall stove performance, with sustained thermal stability observed during semi-continuous operation. The grate-shaking mechanism was necessary to maintain combustion stability by mitigating ash accumulation and ensuring consistent airflow through the fuel bed. Compared to traditional cookstoves, the proposed design demonstrates reduced emissions and sustained combustion performance. These findings contribute to the advancement of cleaner coal combustion technologies and energy-efficient household cooking solutions in coal-dependent regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100447"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147602472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential of micro air sensors for democratizing air quality monitoring and mirroring air pollution at schools using citizen science","authors":"Collins Gameli Hodoli ,&nbsp;Victor Dzidefo Ablo ,&nbsp;Lily Ama Appiagyei ,&nbsp;Joshua Appiah ,&nbsp;Francis-Xavier Kojo Sosu ,&nbsp;Carl Malings","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing concern over children's exposure to fine particles in the school environment underscores the urgent need for accessible, localized air quality monitoring solutions. The expanding global use of air sensors for air quality monitoring in previously undermonitored environments motivates our investigation into their capacity to address this need for monitoring at schools. This study therefore harnesses citizen science methodologies using air sensors to address critical research gaps in conventional air quality monitoring to empower communities to actively participate in understanding and addressing air pollution that directly affects children's health and academic performance. We deployed two air sensors measuring PM_2.5, one each at two schools in Ghana: Salvation Army Senior High School (SASHS) and West Africa Senior High School (WASHS). Prior to deployment at the schools, we conducted a colocation study at the University of Ghana to establish sensor performance. Based on this colocation, we use a multilinear regression model to correct the raw air sensor data, improving the coefficient of determination from 0.91 to 0.92 and the mean absolute error from 3.08 μg m⁻³ to 1.69 μg m⁻³ respectively. Following this, the sensors were deployed at the schools from June 17, 2024 to May 25, 2025. We observed a bimodal peak at the two schools: morning and evening rush hour peaks at WASHS of 35 μg m⁻³, and 28 μg m⁻³ morning and nearly 45 μg m⁻³ evening peaks at SASHS. Hourly, maximum concentrations at the two schools vary significantly. Source components were attributed to wind speed-direction and background activities at each dominant wind sector. PM_2.5 pollution was attributed to biomass burning at SASHS and traffic at WASHS, with natural sources such as the harmattan impacting both schools. At the two schools, observations exceeded the World Health Organization Air Quality Guideline for daily PM_2.5 exposure threshold by 73%. Secondly, we tested the preference of students to specific visualization tools in the “openair” package to support location-specific air quality management by selecting timePlot, timeVariation, windRose, and polarCluster functions to visualize the reported data. Participants were able to link the observations to potential source components, and used these insights to propose school-specific mitigation strategies such as clean cooking initiatives, tree planting, proper waste management, and environmentally friendly public transportation. Overall, this demonstrates the applicability of the air sensor data to determine pollutant patterns and sources for the school environments, as well as the accessibility of the data to students to support mitigation planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100445"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147602471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technical note: Using static chambers with large footprints to reduce variability in measurements of greenhouse gases from uneven surfaces","authors":"Dennis Dika Dankwa,&nbsp;Michael Y. Boh,&nbsp;O. Grant Clark","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A large-volume static chamber was developed and field-tested as an extension for a semi-automated flux chamber to measure greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) from uneven compost surfaces. Conventional chambers often have a small footprint (&lt;0.1 m²), limiting accuracy on heterogeneous piles. The chamber extension has a volume of 0.156 m³ and a footprint of 0.385 m² compared with 0.004 m³ and 0.032 m² (volume and area of the commercial chamber). It includes four adjustable rods to measure headspace height, four lateral flanges to help press the chamber extension into the compost surface, a mixing fan, and a T-fitting on the sample line for manual gas sampling. Its performance was evaluated against the original semi-automated flux chamber using a paired <em>t</em>-test on CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes from municipal windrows and stockpiles of uncomposted material. The CH₄ and CO₂ fluxes measured by the two systems were statistically similar (P &gt; 0.05) on the windrow and stockpile. However, the modified chamber exhibited lower variability, with overall coefficients of variation (CV) for CO₂ flux at the peak of the windrow of 41.9% compared to 45.8% for the commercial chamber, while for CH₄ flux the CV was 84.1% versus 132.7%, respectively. For stockpiles, the CV for CO₂ flux was 64.4% for the modified chamber and 80.6% for the commercial chamber, while for CH₄ flux, the CV was 126.4% versus 162.6%, respectively. These results demonstrate that a chamber extension with a larger footprint facilitates accurate and more stable measurements of GHGs from uneven surfaces such as compost windrows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100455"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}