{"title":"KWG12 ROTOR 1ST STAGE REPAIR: STATIC BALANCING, SIMULATION AND RE-BLADING","authors":"G. Maingi, C. Kutswa","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica52236.2021.9543236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica52236.2021.9543236","url":null,"abstract":"Olkaria Wellheads has grappled with premature fracture of 1st stage blades on C50 geothermal steam turbines. On December, 29th 2018, KWG12 failed to progress beyond critical speed owing to high turbine vibrations after the turbine suffered two fractured 1st stage blades. The rotor needed re-blading and balancing. It was considered cost-effective to do in-house repairs using 1st stage blades recovered from a grounded C50 rotor. Repairs entailed static balancing of all 1st stage blade masses, simulation and re-blading. Success was epitomized by timely availing of the plant after 15 days outage, at 5000kW rated capacity and normal vibrations of 30µm. The initiative has kept the plant operational as new blades are procured, besides cushioning the plant from incurring downtime losses arising from long procurement lead time. Whereas the 15 days repairs incurred KShs. 16.9 million in direct and indirect costs, the plant accrues over KShs. 17.4 million monthly in revenue.","PeriodicalId":370999,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130612547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analyzing Harmonic Current Effect on Distributed Photovoltaic Power Generation System Transformers","authors":"B. A. Thango, J. Jordaan, A. Nnachi","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica52236.2021.9543205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica52236.2021.9543205","url":null,"abstract":"Untimely failures of Distributed Photovoltaic Power Generation System (D2PGS) Transformers has been reported by various utility owners in spite of designing in accordance to the technical criteria and practices of the existing technical standards during the design phase and manufactured units passing the Factory Acceptance Tests (FATs) to corroborate the newly manufactured and packaged D2PGS transformers meet their intended purpose. These accentuate the need to perform comprehensive studies in relation to analyzing the effects of harmonic currents in D2PGS transformers, specifically on the winding Eddy losses and structural stray losses. The aforementioned is crucial in examining the capability of these transformers under the operational requirements of D2PGS. This work investigates the capability of an oil-filled D2PGS transformer in a harmonically contaminated Point of Common Coupling (PCC) of a grid-connected D2PGS. To accomplish this objective, the harmonic loss factor to account for additional winding Eddy losses of the transformer while in service owing to harmonic currents is evaluated. In addition, the effect of the skin effect on the winding conductors under harmonic conditions is considered. Finally, an improved harmonic loss Factor for winding Eddy losses is proposed. The investigated case scenario and results are then used to examine the capability of the transformer when supplying distorted load current for the purpose of existing and planned D2PGS development.","PeriodicalId":370999,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122307216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Distribution System Network Resilience Enhancement Against Predicted Hurricane Events Using Statistical Probabilistic System Line Damage Prediction Model","authors":"Okeolu Samuel Omogoye, K. Folly, K. Awodele","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica52236.2021.9543464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica52236.2021.9543464","url":null,"abstract":"To enhance the resilience of the distribution power system network against hurricane events, quality proactive operational planning is required. The first action is to leverage the oncoming predicted hurricane events data for accurate proactive prediction of system line outage under hurricane events. In this article, a hybrid system line outage prediction method based on a statistical probabilistic system components fragility curve (FC), Monte-Carlo simulation (MCS), and scenario reduction algorithm (SCENRED) is proposed. The proposed hybrid model is meant to consider the system network configuration and the hurricane dynamic as the two main causes of grid topology failure during contingencies. Hurricane historical data are used to develop the system line outage prediction model. This model is investigated on a standard IEEE 15-bus test system. The system line outage prediction results validate the effectiveness of the proposed system component's FC-MCS-SCENRED model. The system line outage prediction provides further insights into the proactive system network optimal reconfiguration against hurricane events hence enhances grid resilience against hurricane event via operational planning.","PeriodicalId":370999,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115039980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Shafiq, I. Kiitam, P. Taklaja, M. Parker, I. Palu, L. Kütt
{"title":"Study of the behaviour of partial discharges for proactive diagnostics in medium voltage cables","authors":"M. Shafiq, I. Kiitam, P. Taklaja, M. Parker, I. Palu, L. Kütt","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica52236.2021.9543233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica52236.2021.9543233","url":null,"abstract":"The use of power cables is increasing worldwide. Aging and insulation degradation reduce the in-service lifetime of a power cable. Effective partial discharge (PD) analysis can quantify the stage of the insulation damage. This paper presents a study on the PD behavior prior to possible breakdown of a medium voltage (MV) cable. An artificial defect was introduced into the insulation of the cable sample. Electrical stress is applied across the sample and increased until the breakdown occurred. PD activity is monitored and time-domain analysis is performed to study the behavior of PD characteristics. During increased electric stress, the pattern of the PD characteristics such as pulse amplitude and pulse repetition rate is studied. The analysis of PD inception to breakdown stages provide valuable information to identify the breakdown vicinity. Timely information of the ongoing insulation degradation can help to avoid the sudden failure of the power cables.","PeriodicalId":370999,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134463606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multilevel Class-DE Resonant Converter with Full-Range Regulation","authors":"Jiayi Kong, K. Smedley","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica52236.2021.9543120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica52236.2021.9543120","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes multilevel Class-DE resonant converters (RSCs) with full range regulation. The converters feature simple circuit structures, zero-voltage switching (ZVS) turn-on for all transistors, and zero current switching (ZCS) turn-off for all diodes. The voltage gain is continuously adjustable for all load conditions within 2X frequency range. Simulation results validated the operation principle and regulation capability.","PeriodicalId":370999,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"812 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113982312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative Study of Sugeno and Mamdani Fuzzy Inference Systems for Virtual Inertia Emulation","authors":"V. Phunpeng, T. Kerdphol","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica52236.2021.9543337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica52236.2021.9543337","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable energy sources (RESs) have drawn significant attention due to its several advantages such as clean, cheap, and sustainable energy. The inverter-based RESs invoke undesirable influences such as lowering the entire system inertia and lacking system voltage/frequency stabilization, causing the weakness of system stability and resiliency. This work investigates a novel concept of islanded microgrid utilizing the virtual inertia control-based prominent fuzzy designs (i.e., Mamdani and Sugeno models) to emulate virtual inertia to the system during high RESs penetration, thus augmenting system reliability and resiliency. The efficiency of the Mamdani and Sugeno-based inertia controllers is performed under critical (off-line) operating conditions. In such conditions, the actual system parameters including inertia, governor, and turbine units may change based on time-varying, while the controller still retains the normal values of those units. The results show that, with Sugeno system, the overall microgrid performance demonstrates the robustness in the face of uncertainties during high penetration of RESs/loads and system parameter variations.","PeriodicalId":370999,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114400432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimization of a Micro-grid with Solar PV, Wind Energy and Battery Storage Hybrid System for an agro-based off-grid rural landscape","authors":"F. Mthethwa, C. Gomes, D. Dorrell","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica52236.2021.9543191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica52236.2021.9543191","url":null,"abstract":"Micro-grids implemented in remote areas are faced with the uncertainty between variable supply resources and load demands. This gap is a major issue in agricultural-based remote landscapes due to the additional irrigation load demand. The available Hybrid micro-grid system models are not optimized with respect to sizing and costing to meet reliably and cost effectively the load demand of an agro-based off-grid remote communities. Therefore, a techno-economic feasibility study has been undertaken to investigate the prospects of renewable energy-based off-grid Hybrid micro-grid to support rural electrification to power residential loads and irrigation system loads. In this paper, a Solar PV, Wind and Battery storage Hybrid system is optimized with respect to sizing and costing using HOMER Pro software to meet the demand of an agro-based off-grid rural landscape, reliably and cost effectively.","PeriodicalId":370999,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116486168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Predicting building energy consumption during holiday periods","authors":"Qingyao Qiao, A. Yunusa‐Kaltungo, R. Edwards","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica52236.2021.9543455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica52236.2021.9543455","url":null,"abstract":"Predicting sudden changes in energy consumption within a short time period remains a challenging task for long-term building energy consumption Prediction. In order to better predict long-term energy consumption during holiday periods, this paper proposes a novel Prophet model to adequately capture the energy usage patterns of a classroom room building during Christmas periods under several data scenarios. The results showed that the incorporation of additional weather information as often advocated by several earlier studies failed to improve the prediction accuracy. Although the extension of the training data size can significantly improve the prediction outcomes under certain scenarios, it failed to capture the sudden drop in energy consumption when holiday effects were incorporated. The best performance was achieved when the model was fed with 2-year training data as well as integrating holiday effects.","PeriodicalId":370999,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114606408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Time Series-Based Carbon Footprint Forecast in a University Campus: ABUAD as a case study","authors":"S. S. Folorunso, M. Onibonoje, S. Wara","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica52236.2021.9543297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica52236.2021.9543297","url":null,"abstract":"Energy, a product of the process of combustion, is a major source of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. These gases are the causes of global climate change effects. The problem of energy generation in Nigeria has made energy users, majorly industries and universities, to depend solely on the use of fuel-powered energy generators for their daily energy demands. Our universities and colleges could be principal contributors to the problem of climate change considering the huge amount of carbon emissions released from the combustion of fossil fuel by generators to meet the volume of energy demanding activities that take place daily on the campuses. Carbon footprint is the sum of the greenhouse gases emissions released into the atmosphere at a time from an individual, organisation, or institution's daily activities, expressed as carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e). This research work estimated the carbon footprint in a university campus, using Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti (ABUAD) as a case study to be 16,946tCO2e. The activities data collected for the estimate, from the institution's maintenance section and the field, was modelled and trained to forecast its future values for three years. The evaluation was done using emissions conversion factors, and MS 360, a Microsoft Excel software package, which is simple and straightforward was used for the forecast. The result of the prediction, which showed that ABUAD's monthly carbon footprint were declining consistently, was used to suggest strategies to further improve on the existing policies on clean environmental sustainability.","PeriodicalId":370999,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128245396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
James Karanja Ndaaru, Peter Musau Moses, Cyrus Wekesa Wabuge
{"title":"Road Lighting Energy Reduction: From HPS to LEDs - A Case Study of Uganda Street, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","authors":"James Karanja Ndaaru, Peter Musau Moses, Cyrus Wekesa Wabuge","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica52236.2021.9543238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica52236.2021.9543238","url":null,"abstract":"Modern technology advancements, coupled with aggressive research, has enabled the development and manufacture of superior LED luminaires. The 21st century has seen significant transition from HPS to LEDs in road lighting as a measure to reduce the installed load and the amounts paid by municipal authorities to cover energy consumption costs. This paper investigated the energy saving possibilities of replacing HPS with LED luminaires - Uganda Street, a 1.35km road in Addis Ababa, was used as the case study. Dialux evo was used to determine the lighting performance, under HPS and LED lighting, with reference to the requirements of CEN13201-1 and EN13201-2. Vehicular traffic data was used to recommend a part-dimming schedule. Annual energy savings of 51.31 % and 79.75 % were realized by replacing the HPS with LED lamps and by further dimming the LEDs respectively. The study findings provide confidence for city authorities to transit from HPS to LED street lighting as a measure to reduce the overall lighting peak load and achieve huge reductions in their annual energy consumptions.","PeriodicalId":370999,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133437485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}