European Journal of Behavior Analysis最新文献_第10页

Employing precision teaching, frequency-building, and the Morningside Math facts curriculum to increase fluency with addition and subtraction computation: A randomised-controlled trial 采用精确教学、频率构建和晨兴数学事实课程来提高加减法计算的流畅性:一项随机对照试验

European Journal of Behavior Analysis Pub Date : 2018-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15021149.2018.1438338

A. McTiernan, Jennifer Holloway, Caroline Leonard, O. Healy

引用次数: 9

Does culture matter in ABA-based autism interventions? Parent and professional experiences in the UK and China 文化对基于aba的自闭症干预有影响吗?在英国和中国的育儿和工作经验

European Journal of Behavior Analysis Pub Date : 2018-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15021149.2017.1399657

Yini Liao, K. Dillenburger, I. Buchanan

引用次数: 15

Operant conditioning methodologies to investigate infant learning 研究婴儿学习的操作性条件反射方法

European Journal of Behavior Analysis Pub Date : 2017-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/15021149.2017.1412633

M. Pelaez, Katerina D. Monlux

{"title":"Operant conditioning methodologies to investigate infant learning","authors":"M. Pelaez, Katerina D. Monlux","doi":"10.1080/15021149.2017.1412633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15021149.2017.1412633","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article describes operant conditioning methodologies that have been essential to furthering our understanding of infant learning processes. We discuss diverse procedures and assessments that have yielded useful information about prenatal, postnatal, neonatal, and infant learning, as well as preferences for various auditory, visual, kinesthetic, and tactile stimulation. In addition, the applicability of contingency-based operant procedures such as high-amplitude nonnutritive sucking, synchronized face-to-face reinforcement, conjugate reinforcement and discrimination training procedures for studying infant perception, memory, vocal conditioning, social referencing, attachment, and fears is presented. Also, methodologies such as yoked-control procedures that distinguish between the reinforcement contingencies effects and the eliciting effects of social stimuli like Motherese speech and adult vocal imitation are described as ways to further refine functional analyses of infant learning. Overall, we provide a framework toward establishing operant conditioning methodologies as essential research tools for understanding infant learning phenomena.","PeriodicalId":37052,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Behavior Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86976839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Effects of a modified speaker immersion procedure on the increase of spontaneous speech in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder 一种改良的说话人浸入程序对自闭症谱系障碍儿童自发言语能力的影响

European Journal of Behavior Analysis Pub Date : 2017-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/15021149.2017.1404395

Nirvana Pistoljevic, Eldin Dzanko

引用次数: 2

The discriminative-response function 判别响应函数

European Journal of Behavior Analysis Pub Date : 2017-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/15021149.2017.1390203

S. J. Weiss

{"title":"The discriminative-response function","authors":"S. J. Weiss","doi":"10.1080/15021149.2017.1390203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15021149.2017.1390203","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Mowrer identified two processes by which discriminative stimuli influence operant behavior. The discriminative-response process involves control of responding by antecedent stimuli. The incentive-motivational process is created by implicit Pavlovian pairing of these SDs with the reinforcer produced by the responding. Most studies in this area involve Pavlovian-instrumental transfer, which measures incentive-motivational effects of stimuli by presenting them on an ongoing of an SDs. Therefore, the discriminative-response process has been neglected. To remedy this, experiments directly manipulated the discriminative-response properties of tone and light SDs while their incentive-motive properties were held comparable. Over groups, the SDs produced an increase, no change, or a decrease in responding. When tone and light were then presented together for the first time in a stimulus-compounding test, response rates were determined by the discriminative-response process. This discriminative-response function is similar to an instrumentally-derived incentive-motivational function, also obtained solely with operant-schedule training. This shows that both processes influence resultant behavior comparably.","PeriodicalId":37052,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Behavior Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89273994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rule-following and instructional control in obsessive-compulsive behavior 强迫行为中的规则遵循与指导控制

European Journal of Behavior Analysis Pub Date : 2017-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/15021149.2017.1388608

Athanasios Hassoulas, L. McHugh, Hannah Morris, Emily Rose Dickenson, P. Reed

{"title":"Rule-following and instructional control in obsessive-compulsive behavior","authors":"Athanasios Hassoulas, L. McHugh, Hannah Morris, Emily Rose Dickenson, P. Reed","doi":"10.1080/15021149.2017.1388608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15021149.2017.1388608","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Two experiments were designed to investigate differences in rule-governed responding between participants who scored either higher or lower on obsessive-compulsive trait measures. In Experiment 1, participants were required to move a marker through a matrix, whereby schedule-sensitive behavior was reinforced on a fixed-ratio 18 or differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate 6 s schedule, which alternated every 2 min. Both groups were further divided into separate instructional conditions, receiving minimal, partial, or accurate instructions. Results revealed that accurate instructions facilitated greater schedule-sensitivity in the high scoring group. Experiment 2 employed random-ratio (RR) and random-interval (RI) schedules of reinforcement to measure schedule-sensitive responding with only minimal instructions provided to all participants. The results showed that the high scoring group maintained a rigid form of responding throughout the task, suggestive of a form of self-generated rule-following. The low scoring groups in both experiments did not appear to require accurate instructions to make contact with the schedule contingencies. The findings provide insight into the maintenance of obsessive-compulsive behavior (OCB).","PeriodicalId":37052,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Behavior Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77047549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Using rich-to-lean transitions following errors during discrete-trial instruction 在离散试验指导过程中，使用从丰富到精益的过渡

European Journal of Behavior Analysis Pub Date : 2017-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/15021149.2017.1404396

Joshua Jessel, Einar T. Ingvarsson

{"title":"Using rich-to-lean transitions following errors during discrete-trial instruction","authors":"Joshua Jessel, Einar T. Ingvarsson","doi":"10.1080/15021149.2017.1404396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15021149.2017.1404396","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Research on error correction procedures often includes the manipulation of prompting strategies or reinforcement schedules during discrete-trial instruction (DTI). We extended this research by incorporating rich-to-lean reinforcement transitions following incorrect responses with four boys diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. With the rich-to-lean error correction procedure, less-preferred reinforcers were delivered for the next two to three correct responses following an error. This condition was compared to non-differential reinforcement, in which more-preferred items were delivered for both correct responses or attempts, and a traditional differential reinforcement procedure, in which more-preferred items were delivered for correct responding and no items were delivered following attempts. The rich-to-lean condition resulted in the acquisition of the targeted skills with two of the four participants. The traditional differential reinforcement procedure was effective with three participants (and most efficient for two of those), and the non-differential procedure was effective (and most efficient) for one participant. We suggest that rich-to-lean transitions might function to correct errors in the context of DTI.","PeriodicalId":37052,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Behavior Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87501528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Variability and resistance to change of different response positions in response sequences emitted under continuous and lag reinforcement schedules 在连续强化和滞后强化计划下，响应序列中不同响应位置的可变性和抗变化性

European Journal of Behavior Analysis Pub Date : 2017-04-10 DOI: 10.1080/15021149.2017.1310597

Reut Peleg, Neil T. Martin, P. Holth

引用次数: 3

Private emotions as contingency descriptors: emotions, emotional behavior, and their evolution 私人情绪作为偶然性描述:情绪、情绪行为及其演变

European Journal of Behavior Analysis Pub Date : 2017-04-10 DOI: 10.1080/15021149.2017.1304875

T. Layng

{"title":"Private emotions as contingency descriptors: emotions, emotional behavior, and their evolution","authors":"T. Layng","doi":"10.1080/15021149.2017.1304875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15021149.2017.1304875","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Whereas emotional behavior can easily be included in a behavior analytic account, emotion as private experience has proven much more difficult. I will argue that simply considering the private experience of emotion as covert behavior, stimuli (to be gained or avoided), or motivating operations is not satisfactory. The fact of private experience presents definitional problems not encountered when considering public behavior. The problem of privacy as elucidated by Skinner (1953, 1963, 1974) and Wittgenstein (1953) is discussed and a possible solution provided. This solution is based upon an approach first described by Israel Goldiamond (1979a) which treats private emotions as indicators or descriptors – non-spoken tacts – of consequential contingencies. The experience of emotion is considered as occurring with, and determined by, the contingency. In this account, emotions neither cause behavior nor are caused by behavior; they are instead part of consequential contingencies. The differences among emotions reflect the differences in contingencies described. Once “made public”, however, emotion may become linked to “emotional behavior”, which is then maintained by its consequences. The approach appears consistent across species and suggests a common evolutionary origin as first suggested by Darwin (1872).","PeriodicalId":37052,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Behavior Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90203979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Teaching visual conditional discriminations using errorless learning: The role of prompts requiring simple and conditional discriminative control 使用无差错学习教授视觉条件辨别:提示要求简单和条件判别控制的作用

European Journal of Behavior Analysis Pub Date : 2017-04-05 DOI: 10.1080/15021149.2017.1309624

Paula Braga-Kenyon, P. Guilhardi, K. Lionello-DeNolf, W. V. Dube

{"title":"Teaching visual conditional discriminations using errorless learning: The role of prompts requiring simple and conditional discriminative control","authors":"Paula Braga-Kenyon, P. Guilhardi, K. Lionello-DeNolf, W. V. Dube","doi":"10.1080/15021149.2017.1309624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15021149.2017.1309624","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Errorless learning procedures were first developed in Basic Research Laboratories with nonhuman subjects to teach simple (i.e., nonconditional) discriminations (SD). Today, errorless procedures are widely used for teaching both simple and conditional discriminations (CD), often to developmentally limited learners. The present article puts forward the idea that the stimulus control engendered by prompts in errorless learning procedures may also be classified as requiring simple versus conditional discriminative control. The present paper presents data comparing two errorless prompting procedures to teach visual CDs to six typically developing children and three children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A matching-to-sample procedure with unfamiliar forms as visual stimuli was used. A comparison of two different prompts was conducted: prompts requiring SD control and prompts requiring conditional discriminative control. Results indicated that eight of nine participants acquired CDs in fewer trials when the prompts required conditional control; one child with ASD required fewer trials when prompts required simple discriminative control. Results suggest an advantage for teaching CDs using prompts requiring conditional discriminative control.","PeriodicalId":37052,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Behavior Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83092519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8