Comparative Migration Studies最新文献

{"title":"The economic impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on Sri Lankan migrants in Qatar.","authors":"Anoji Ekanayake,&nbsp;Kopalapillai Amirthalingam","doi":"10.1186/s40878-021-00246-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-021-00246-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The spread of Covid-19 in Qatar and the pandemic-led economic slump in the country have substantial financial implications for Sri Lankan migrant workers in Qatar and the Sri Lankan economy as a whole, as Qatar has been one of the primary destinations among Sri Lankan migrants in recent years. Based on 12 in-depth interviews and an online survey of 101 Sri Lankan workers in Qatar, this paper assesses the pandemic's financial implications on three groups of Sri Lankan migrants; the highly-skilled, skilled and semi-skilled. Using a mixed-method analysis, the paper identifies that pay-cuts have been the most common financial issue across all skill levels, with nearly half of respondents reporting deductions from their salaries. The research also identifies that while all three groups of migrants have used various coping mechanisms to mitigate the pandemic's financial impact, highly-skilled migrants have been more successful in weathering the storm than others due to their accumulated savings. Though compared to the early months of the pandemic, the financial stability of most Sri Lankans in Qatar had improved by September 2020 with the easing of restrictions imposed to contain the spread of Covid-19, it might not necessarily transfer into stability in remittances to Sri Lanka, as an increasing number of Sri Lankan migrant workers in Qatar are considering a permanent return home.</p>","PeriodicalId":37051,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Migration Studies","volume":" ","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8403504/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39386507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The integrative force of political institutions? Direct democracy and voter turnout across ethnic and nativity groups.","authors":"Anita Manatschal","doi":"10.1186/s40878-020-00216-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-020-00216-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Much has been written on the positive effect of direct democracy (initiatives, referendums) on voter turnout. However, we have limited knowledge about potential differential effects on voters belonging to various ethnic groups. The paper argues that depending on a group's responsiveness to the political context, direct democracy can (dis-)integrate voters (from) into the electorate. Empirical analysis of Current Population Survey (CPS) voting supplement survey data, together with data on the absolute use of direct democracy across US states, corroborates this theoretical expectation, however lending more support for the disintegrating assumption. Frequent direct democratic elections further widen the negative voting gap between first-generation Asian voters and voters living in the US for three generations or longer, whereas they tend to diminish this voting gap for first-generation Hispanic voters. The disintegrative pattern for first-generation Asian voters remains even significant when excluding California from the state sample, yet not the integrative tendency for first-generation Hispanics. Additional analyses using alternative measures of direct democracy and voting, and applying statistical adjustments to address causality concerns, confirm the robustness of these findings, which shed light on the so-far underexplored (dis-)integrative potential of political institutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":37051,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Migration Studies","volume":" ","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40878-020-00216-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25445910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the racialization of Central-East European migrants in Japan and the UK.","authors":"Špela Drnovšek Zorko,&nbsp;Miloš Debnár","doi":"10.1186/s40878-021-00239-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-021-00239-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article deploys the lens of the race-migration nexus (Erel et al., Ethnic and Racial Studies 39:1339-1360, 2016) to compare the racialization of migrants in the UK and Japan. It draws on qualitative data on the experiences of Central-East European (CEE) migrants in the two countries to unpack how whiteness is constructed in relation to different histories and patterns of immigration in each national context. While CEE migrants in Japan benefit from being perceived as implicitly white and Western 'foreigners', their whiteness represents a form of enduring exclusion from the ethno-nationalist Japanese society. In the UK, changing political contexts and internal European hierarchies of whiteness contribute to CEE migrants' ambiguous position in an increasingly anti-migrant society. By comparing the mechanisms of racialization in each country through the analytics of visibility and exclusion, the article furthers ongoing debates about the intersections of race and migration. It furthermore extends the comparative analysis of whiteness to a non-Western setting, making a significant contribution to the study of local/global articulations of race.</p>","PeriodicalId":37051,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Migration Studies","volume":" ","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40878-021-00239-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39199849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migration and mobility of third-country national labour workers to and inside Europe during the Covid-19 pandemic - a legal analysis.","authors":"Adolfo Sommarribas,&nbsp;Birte Nienaber","doi":"10.1186/s40878-021-00229-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-021-00229-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Covid-19 pandemic took most EU Member States of the European Union by surprise, as they underestimated the rapid spread of the contagion across the continent. The response of the EU Member States was asymmetrical, individualistic and significantly slow. The first measures taken were to close down the internal borders. The response of the European Union was even slower, and it was not until 17th March 2020 that the external borders were closed. These actions affected legal migration into the European Union from four perspectives: it affected 1) the mobility of those third-country nationals who were on a temporary stay in the EU Member States; 2) the entry of third-country nationals to do seasonal work; 3) legal migrants entering and staying; and 4) the status of the third-country nationals already residing in the EU Member States, especially those experiencing a loss of income. This article will deal with the measures taken by the EU Member States to manage the immigration services, as a case study how Luxembourg dealt to avoid that temporary staying migrants and regular migrants fall into irregularity. Finally, we will focus on the vulnerability of third-country nationals with the rising risk of unemployment and the risk of being returned to their country of origin. The article will also analyse access to healthcare and unemployment benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":37051,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Migration Studies","volume":" ","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40878-021-00229-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39067946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing seeming paradoxes by embracing them: small state theory and the integration of migrants.","authors":"Thomas Kolnberger,&nbsp;Harlan Koff","doi":"10.1186/s40878-021-00222-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-021-00222-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article examines the integration of migrants in Luxembourg within the framework of small state theory. Within the comparative scholarship on migration, small states are often presented as \"success stories.\" This research questions this assumption and empirical data presented here indicates that many contradictions exist within Luxembourg's migrant integration model. The country's \"success\" in fact does not reflect the levels of integration of migrants nationally as significant inequalities are present in Luxembourg. However, the analysis of Luxembourg presented here illustrates how small states have coherently embraced many paradoxes that are inherent to integration strategies throughout Europe with the goal of promoting peaceful coexistence.</p>","PeriodicalId":37051,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Migration Studies","volume":"9 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40878-021-00222-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10743884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the trajectories of highly skilled migration law and policy in Japan and the UK.","authors":"Daisuke Wakisaka,&nbsp;Paul James Cardwell","doi":"10.1186/s40878-021-00251-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-021-00251-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Japan and the UK appear to have few commonalities in terms of their history of and approach to migration law and policy. However, strong similarities in their contemporary approaches can be detected. Migration sits at the very top of the national political agendas and both have undertaken successive, major policy reforms over the past decade. Both have governments publicly committed to policies to attract 'highly skilled' migrants, with a restrictive approach towards 'unskilled' migrants. This article draws out the similarities and differences of migration law and policy in Japan and the UK via their respective legislative structures and policy trajectories on highly skilled migration. The article argues that Japan and the UK promote a market-driven model which enables highly skilled migration to be 'sold' to publics believed to be hostile to increased migration. Yet, the rapid changes in policy and revising of applicable rules often prevents the successful recruitment of highly skilled migrants to both countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":37051,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Migration Studies","volume":" ","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8475341/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39482415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The well-being of newly regularized migrant workers: Determinants of their satisfaction with life as compared to undocumented migrant workers and regular local residents.","authors":"Claudine Burton-Jeangros,&nbsp;Aline Duvoisin,&nbsp;Liala Consoli,&nbsp;Julien Fakhoury,&nbsp;Yves Jackson","doi":"10.1186/s40878-021-00244-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-021-00244-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Subjective assessments of well-being are becoming routine indicators, considering that material resources are insufficient to capture people's satisfaction with life. Examining the unique situation of undocumented migrant workers, driven by aspirations for a better life but constrained by their limited rights in the country of destination, we assess their satisfaction with life and the factors that matter in their evaluations. Data were collected in Geneva (Switzerland), in a study comparing those who have just received a residency permit or about to obtaining it after submitting a regularization request (<i>n</i> = 195) with those who were still undocumented and/or had not submitted a regularization request at the time of our study (<i>n</i> = 231). In addition, comparisons were made with a sample of regular local residents (<i>n</i> = 175). Data obtained through standardized questionnaires include a range of material and non-material determinants, some unique to migrants and others common to the three populations. Satisfaction with life is significantly lower among undocumented migrant workers while those who are regularized and regular local residents report similar levels of well-being. Social participation, self-reported health and discrimination are associated to satisfaction with life among undocumented migrant workers. Among those being regularized, having been longer in the country of destination is associated with lower well-being. Among regular local residents, the only significant factor for a better satisfaction with life is having a partner. Material determinants, while distributed in vastly different levels, do not influence satisfaction with life. Despite the high satisfaction expressed by those who have recently been regularized, policy intervention still have to pay attention to their persisting difficult socioeconomic circumstances amidst a context of overall affluence.</p>","PeriodicalId":37051,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Migration Studies","volume":" ","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8550693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39579956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"British and Japanese international retirement migration and creative responses to health and care challenges: a bricolage perspective.","authors":"Kelly Hall,&nbsp;Mayumi Ono,&nbsp;Ayako Kohno","doi":"10.1186/s40878-020-00217-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-020-00217-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most research on international retirement migration has focused on the Western context and the motivations and lifestyle choices of migrants when they are healthy. This paper instead explores how British retirees in Spain and Japanese retirees in Malaysia respond to declining health and increasing care needs through bricolage as they begin to 'age in place'. The paper combines qualitative interviews, focus groups and observations collected by the authors from 215 British and Japanese international retirement migrants. We focus on two key types of bricolage behaviour: 'within-system bricolage' undertaken by migrants to help them access and navigate existing health and care systems; and 'added-to-system bricolage' that is enacted to fill gaps in health and care provision. Our analysis suggests that IRMs engage in 'transnational care bricolage' by combining multiple economic, social and legal resources across local and transnational spaces to address their health and care needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":37051,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Migration Studies","volume":" ","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40878-020-00217-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25424008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shaping migration at the border: the entangled rationalities of border control practices.","authors":"Christin Achermann","doi":"10.1186/s40878-020-00214-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-020-00214-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article analyses how border guards as members of a state organisation shape the movement of non-nationals into the territory of a nation state. Based on ethnographic fieldwork on the Swiss Border Guard (SBG), it explores the rationalities-understood as stabilised ways of reasoning and acting-that characterise practices within this state organisation. Combining organisational and structuration theory with a street-level bureaucracy perspective allows for a differentiated analysis of the various facets of border guards' everyday work. Four rationalities of border-control practices are identified and compared: security, humanitarian, cost-calculation, and pragmatic rationality. I argue that, by considering both the specific goals and imperatives of border control and the characteristics of street-level bureaucrats acting within a state organisation, these entangled logics explain the complex and incoherent social reality of border control. More generally, the results contribute to organisational theory by pointing to the importance of taking into account that multiple entangled rationalities structure the practices of an organisation's members.</p>","PeriodicalId":37051,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Migration Studies","volume":" ","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40878-020-00214-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25400564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges of reverse migration in India: a comparative study of internal and international migrant workers in the post-COVID economy.","authors":"Asma Khan,&nbsp;H Arokkiaraj","doi":"10.1186/s40878-021-00260-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-021-00260-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In India, the major drivers of both internal and international migration are the prevailing unemployment, competitive labour market and enhanced livelihood prospects in the destination state or country. However, the nationwide lockdown and the sealing of inter-state and international borders to control the COVID-19 pandemic triggered the reverse migration of informal migrant workers. This requires the central and state governments to collectively forge strategies to enable their reverse migration and smooth reintegration in the post-COVID economy. In this paper, we have focused on the inter-state migrants in India and returnee migrants only from Gulf countries as they account for two-thirds of Indian migrants living abroad. This study conducted a comparative analysis of the Indian government's varied approach towards its internal and international migrants during their reverse migration, repatriation and reintegration after the announcement of the lockdown. Firstly, the paper compares the challenges faced by internal and international migrant workers during these stages with the help of in-depth interview data collected from migrants and social workers. Secondly, the varied governmental responses towards their repatriation are discussed. Thirdly, it analyses the obstacles in their economic reintegration to help frame suitable welfare policies for the Indian migrant community.</p>","PeriodicalId":37051,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Migration Studies","volume":" ","pages":"49"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8563095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39598022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}