环境科学与技术最新文献

{"title":"Ozonation of Pharmaceuticals and Their Human Metabolites in Wastewater─Insights from Laboratory Experiments and Field Data","authors":"Corina Meyer,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Pia M. Kronsbein,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Valentin Rougé,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Urs von Gunten,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Christa S. McArdell,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Juliane Hollender*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c08128","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.est.5c08128","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Pharmaceuticals and their human metabolites are contaminants of emerging concern in aquatic environments. While monitoring usually targets parent compounds, metabolites, often excreted at higher loads, are largely overlooked. This study investigates the behavior of both during wastewater treatment, focusing on ozonation as an advanced treatment step. Second-order rate constants for reactions of 87 parent compounds and 130 metabolites with ozone were determined using a multicompound competition kinetics method, enabling exploration of functional group-specific reactivity trends. Aromatic hydroxylation generally increased ozone reactivity (up to 5 orders of magnitude), whereas <i>N</i>-oxides (up to 5 orders of magnitude) and <i>N</i>-dealkylated metabolites (up to 2 orders of magnitude) showed reduced reactivity compared to their parents. These constants, combined with predicted second-order rate constants for the reaction with hydroxyl radicals, as well as estimated ozone exposures and experimentally determined hydroxyl radical exposures, were used to model the abatement in three Swiss wastewater treatment plants. Modeled and observed abatement agreed well. A derivative-based sensitivity analysis highlighted ozone exposure as most crucial for moderately to highly ozone-reactive compounds, whereas hydroxyl radical exposure dominated for ozone-resistant compounds. This study emphasizes the importance of considering both parent compounds and metabolites in wastewater treatment processes to address contaminants holistically.</p><p >This study investigates the abatement of pharmaceuticals and their human metabolites during ozonation of wastewater. The results show that hydroxylated and <i>O</i>-dealkylated metabolites are, on average, more effectively abated than the corresponding parent compounds, whereas <i>N</i>-oxides, <i>N</i>-dealkylated metabolites, and phase II metabolites exhibit lower abatement efficiencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"59 38","pages":"20842–20859"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.5c08128","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Structure Manipulation of Cobalt-Based Oxides for Catalytic Oxidation of Exhaust Gas.","authors":"Kaiqi Hou,Zeyu Zhao,Ganggang Li,Bingzhi Li,Ziyi Shui,Boyi Hao,Dong Sui,Xingyun Li,Jie Cheng,Zhengping Hao","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c05635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c05635","url":null,"abstract":"Catalytic oxidation technologies for industrial exhaust emissions (e.g., VOCs, CO, and NOx) have gained significant attention due to the severe environmental and public health impacts. Recent advances highlight cobalt-based oxides as superior catalytic materials owing to excellent physicochemical properties, but the diverse compositions of industrial exhaust gases present significant obstacles in their practical applications. To develop rational design strategies for efficient cobalt-based oxides, exploring the structure-activity relationship (SAR) provides guidance for engineering structural properties to enhance performance. In this context, this review delves into how SAR impacts catalytic performance in exhaust gas purification through geometric structure modulation (size effects, morphology, and surface defect structures) and electronic structure modulation (Co-O bond strengths, d-band centers, coordination environments, and constrained structures). Furthermore, special attention is given to mechanistic studies combining reaction kinetic modeling, in situ spectroscopic characterization, and the effects of water vapor and SO2 on catalytic oxidation processes. We further outline emerging synthetic strategies and ongoing challenges for the design of next-generation cobalt-based catalysts. This review provides guidance and inspiration for the development of high-performance cobalt-based oxides for exhaust gas purification.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activating PFAS to Unlock Efficient Defluorination","authors":"Shuang Luo, Zhiqun Xie, Xingaoyuan Xiong, Lu Bai, Hui Wang, Zongsu Wei","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c07242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c07242","url":null,"abstract":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are highly resistant to conventional degradation methods due to the exceptional stability of their C–F bonds. As a result, current degradation technologies often rely on high energy inputs and excessive use of additives while largely overlooking strategies that focus on lowering the reaction energy barrier by directly activating PFAS molecules or ions. This Perspective presents a new angle to PFAS degradation by emphasizing the predegradation activation of PFAS molecules. We systematically examine a range of molecular activation mechanisms facilitated by catalyst surface complexation, solvents, salts, and air–water microinterfaces. These methods destabilize PFAS molecules by elongating C–F bonds or altering surface electronic structures and charge distributions, thereby overcoming the activation barriers (<i>ΔG</i>^‡) for subsequent defluorination reactions. Additionally, we outline future directions that incorporate multimodal activation and emerging data technologies, such as intelligent reactor design and machine-learning-guided optimization, with the goal of bridging fundamental molecular insights and practical engineering applications. Molecular activation thus offers a transformative pathway to overcome kinetic and energetic challenges, paving the way for energy-efficient, cost-effective, and broadly applicable solutions to eliminate these persistent “forever chemicals” from the environment.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145116699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of the Ionizable Organic Compound Lamotrigine with Dissolved Humic Acid: Mechanistic Insights and Modeling Optimization.","authors":"Bei Liu,Iso Christl,Sarah Benware,Zhongying Wang,Joel A Pedersen","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c06863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c06863","url":null,"abstract":"The association of ionizable organic compounds (IOCs) with natural organic matter (NOM) plays a critical role in governing their bioavailability and transport in the environment. However, the complexity of these interactions poses a significant challenge to accurately predict their environmental fate. In this study, we investigated the binding mechanisms of the cationic pharmaceutical lamotrigine (LTG) with soil humic acid under different environmental conditions. While LTG-humic acid binding is primarily driven by electrostatic attraction, the conventional NICA-Donnan model failed to accurately capture its pH dependence, which accounts for the binding of LTG-H+ to low-affinity proton sites in humic acid. Incorporating proton cobinding significantly improved model performance across pH, ionic strength, and cation competition scenarios, suggesting that humic acid-bound protons facilitate LTG adsorption. The nonionic interaction between LTG and humic substances was further identified by spectroscopic characterization, revealing hydrogen bonding mechanisms including COOH···N interactions between protonated carboxylic acids and the LTG triazine ring and charge-assisted N+-H···COO- bonding stabilized by electrostatic attraction. Finally, STD-NMR epitope mapping revealed preferential binding at the C-Cl position, indicating a spatially organized, cooperative interaction of hydrogen bonding and electrostatic attraction. These findings integrate molecular-scale insights with model refinement, offering a more robust framework for predicting IOC-NOM interactions in environmental systems.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State of the Science on 1,4-Dioxane: Emission Sources, Global Contamination, and Regulatory Disparities","authors":"Nan Lin*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Xiao Yun,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yanyan Zhang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yan Wu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Wei Du,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Stuart Batterman,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c05147","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.est.5c05147","url":null,"abstract":"<p >1,4-Dioxane has emerged as a critical global environmental concern because of its carcinogenic potential, persistence, and ubiquitous occurrence. This review systematically addresses key knowledge gaps in its emission trends, spatiotemporal characteristics on a global scale, and challenges for unified regulatory frameworks. By compiling emission data, we provided the first quantitative global estimates for 1,4-dioxane emissions and revealed a remarkable increase in industrial discharges from 645–1522 tonnes in ca. 2000 to 3868 tonnes in 2023. The emission profile has shifted from direct releases as a chlorinated solvent stabilizer in the 20th century to contemporary unintentional byproduct emissions associated with the production of poly(ethylene terephthalate) and ethoxylated surfactants. The previously overlooked domestic emission was found to contribute 711–832 tonnes annually (2023 estimate), ascribing to the use of household products containing ethoxylated surfactants. Along with shifts in emission patterns, affected environmental matrixes have expanded beyond groundwater to include surface water and drinking water, with rising concentrations observed in nonhistorical production regions. Meanwhile, the environmental persistence and long-range transport capacity of 1,4-dioxane continue to exacerbate legacy contamination issues in historically industrialized regions. However, divergent interpretations of its toxicological mechanisms, particularly regarding the carcinogenic mode of action, have resulted in inconsistent drinking water standards and regulatory approaches worldwide. This review highlights future efforts regarding more accurate emission inventories, enhanced spatiotemporal monitoring of environmental occurrence, and health risks assessment, alongside the need for coordinated regulatory efforts to address the growing concerns of 1,4-dioxane contamination.</p>","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"59 38","pages":"20125–20142"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Laterite from Acid Leaching of Ultramafic Rocks: Mobilization, Enrichment, and Extraction of Critical Metals","authors":"Zhen Wang*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Maximillian Mann,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jessica L. Hamilton,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Connor C. Turvey,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Arif Hussain,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Sasha Wilson,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Dan Su,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Amy L. McBride,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Phil Renforth,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Laura N. Lammers,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Annah Moyo,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jaswanth Yaddala,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Andrew J. Frierdich*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c06615","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.est.5c06615","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Natural weathering of ultramafic rocks produces laterites that host nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) which are critical to a renewable energy transition. Here, we performed sulfuric acid leaching on an ultramafic rock, which produces an iron (Fe)-rich residue that concentrates Ni and Co on laboratory time scales, herein termed <i>artificial laterite</i>. Nickel and Co in the artificial laterite are up to 5 – 7 times enriched relative to the raw material and close to their cutoff grades of natural laterite ores. The most Ni-and Co-rich artificial laterite is dominated by poorly crystalline ferrihydrite as revealed by synchrotron-based powder diffraction (PD) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS, Fe K-edge). By reacting this artificial laterite with aqueous Fe(II) at circumneutral pH and ambient temperature, release of structurally bound Ni and Co is markedly enhanced. Followed by mild acid extraction, total recovery of Ni and Co is around 80%. Meanwhile, impurities such as coprecipitated silica with ferrihydrite would not negatively impact metal release. Our work demonstrates that acid leaching of ultramafic source rocks can generate artificial laterites that are more reactive than their natural counterparts. Furthermore, leaching of these rocks releases magnesium (Mg), an important cation for carbon mineralization, potentially offsetting carbon emissions during metal extraction.</p>","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"59 38","pages":"20829–20841"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Negligible Tritium Accumulation in Japanese Flounder from Treated Water Released from Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant: A Numerical Simulation Study","authors":"Tsubasa Ikenoue*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Takashi Tani,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Hideyuki Kawamura,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Yuhi Satoh,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c04474","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.est.5c04474","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Since 2023, ALPS-treated water containing tritium from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (1F) accident has been released into the ocean. Monitoring of seafood collected near the Fukushima coast has shown negligible increases in the tritium concentration. However, this monitoring has limitations, including delayed data release and a limited sample size. Therefore, a predictive estimation is necessary to assess the potential for high tritium accumulation in seafood. This study estimated tritium concentrations in Japanese flounder near the Fukushima coast using numerical simulations. The estimation combined an oceanic dispersion model for tritiated water (HTO) with a tritium transfer model for the marine food web. Tritium accumulation was evaluated as organically bound tritium (OBT), the long-retaining chemical form of tritium in organisms. First, the dispersion model’s ability to reproduce HTO concentrations in seawater was validated using actual measurement data from the Fukushima coast, showing good agreement. Subsequently, the OBT concentrations in flounder were estimated under the hypothetical maximum release scenario of the treated water. The estimation suggested that even within 100 km of 1F, the maximum concentration of the OBT was comparable with natural levels of tritium in environmental waters. Additionally, the maximum concentration in the flounder remained at a negligible level for internal radiation exposure through consumption.</p><p >This study estimated the accumulation potential of tritium in fish in the coastal ocean beside Fukushima and showed that the accumulation was far small.</p>","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"59 38","pages":"20588–20594"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.5c04474","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Closed-Loop System for Oily Sludge Valorization via Biomass-Assisted Pyrolysis: Bridging Waste Management to Sustainable Soil Revitalization","authors":"Fawei Lin,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Hongdi Yu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Huiyi Mao,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Chujun Luan,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Zhen Yu*,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Guanyi Chen*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c05480","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.est.5c05480","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Oily sludge (OS) and saline-alkali soil (SAS) are two interconnected environmental challenges that persist in petroleum-producing regions, yet conventional remediation strategies address them in isolation. This study innovatively presents a closed-loop system integrating biomass-assisted pyrolysis (BAP) of OS with SAS revitalization using pyrolysis residues. The addition of biomass to OS reduces its viscosity and enhances porosity, lowering pyrolysis activation energy by 8.3–12.8% and increasing oil recovery by 25–30 wt %. Simultaneously, BAP mitigates environmental risks by reducing heavy metal release (∼50%) and residual total petroleum hydrocarbons to ≤3‰, meeting regulatory thresholds. The resulting biochar-rich residue transforms SAS into arable land, improving water retention, microbial activity, and ion exchange capacity. This enables robust <i>Ryegrass</i> growth with plant height, survival rate, and dry biomass increasing by 2.2–2.4, 5.6–7.0, and 10.0–14.2 times, respectively. BAP achieves a 10 times greater carbon reduction than individual OS pyrolysis. By bridging petroleum waste valorization with soil restoration, this work pioneers a circular economy paradigm that simultaneously advances renewable resource recovery and sustainable agriculture, aligning with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"59 38","pages":"20781–20791"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nontargeted Screening Unveils Structural Diversity and Environmental Pervasiveness of p-Phenylenediamine Antioxidant-Derived Quinones: Evidence from End-of-Life Tires and Road Dust Contamination","authors":"Xinghong Cao,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Tongke Yue,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Weikun Meng,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Ya Zhang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jianhua Li*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yingchen Yang,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Guanyong Su*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c06843","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.est.5c06843","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The environmental occurrence of toxic <i>p</i>-phenylenediamine antioxidant-derived quinones (PPD-Qs) is closely correlated with the emission of rubber from tire wear. The nontargeted screening of tire particles can facilitate the early identification of unknown or unrecognized PPD-Qs of concern in the environment. Here, we performed targeted and nontargeted screening for potential PPD-Qs in end-of-life tires and verified the presence of newly identified PPD-Qs in environment samples. In 20 end-of-life tires, seven target PPD-Qs were detected, with the total concentration range of 9.30 to 95.0 μg/g, in which <i>N</i>-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-<i>N</i>′-phenyl-<i>p</i>-phenylenediamine quinone (6PPD-Q), <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-di(<i>o</i>-tolyl)-<i>p</i>-phenylenediamine quinone (DTPD-Q), and <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-diphenyl-<i>p</i>-phenylenediamine quinone (DPPD-Q) were dominant. Using a characteristic fragment-based nontargeted screening strategy, a novel PPD-Q, <i>N</i>-phenyl-<i>o</i>-tolyl-<i>N</i>′-phenyl-<i>p</i>-phenylenediamine quinone (PTPD-Q), three PPD-Q structural isomers with a 2,5-diamino-1,2-benzoquinone skeleton structure, and a diphenylamine ring cleavage product of 6PPD were first identified and/or confirmed in tire particles. In particular, PTPD-Q was abundant in urban road dust, with a detection frequency of 93% and a median concentration (5.07 ng/g) comparable to that of DTPD-Q (5.56 ng/g). In combination with predicted data using the EPI Suite tool and the reported experimental evidence, PTPD-Q may persist in the environment and exhibit toxicity to aquatic organisms while also having a low bioaccumulation potential. Correlation analysis and a degradation experiment indicated that PTPD oxidation was one source of PTPD-Q. This study provides first evidence on the ubiquitous presence of PTPD-Q in the environment and encourages researchers to take quick action to understand its environmental behavior, fate, and potential risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"59 38","pages":"20630–20641"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the Global Vanadium Cycle for a Resilient and Sustainable Supply","authors":"Yu Li,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Ling Zhang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Songyan Jiang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Feng Han,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Dong Yang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Lei Liu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yubo Wang,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Zengwei Yuan*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c03584","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.est.5c03584","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Vanadium is a critical metal widely used in the steel and energy storage industries, offering new strategies for achieving a global low-carbon transition. However, knowledge of global vanadium flow patterns remains limited. Here, we employed material flow analysis associated with complex network analysis to reconstruct the global anthropogenic vanadium cycle from 1988 to 2023 and to characterize the trade patterns across the global vanadium supply chain. The results show that 4291.2 kt of vanadium was extracted from mining during this period, with 2310.3 kt entering the global market as refined products. High-strength low-alloy steel (30.8%) and carbon steel (28.0%) dominated semifinished product consumption, while the buildings and infrastructure (34.1%) and transport (30.2%) sectors were the major contributors to in-use stocks. While the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, and Germany played pivotal roles in maintaining global trade connectivity, China emerged as the dominant exporter of downstream vanadium products. Analyses of the network efficiency and supply concentration highlight the structural fragility of the global vanadium supply chain. Mitigating potential supply risks requires coordinated global efforts to enhance collaboration, improve utilization efficiency, and strengthen recycling from in-use stocks.</p>","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"59 38","pages":"20377–20388"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145089211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}