环境科学与技术最新文献

{"title":"Opportunities and Challenges of a Cap-and-Trade System for Plastics","authors":"Hadeel Al-Zawaidah, Marlene Kammerer, Denise M. Mitrano, Kryss Waldschläger","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.4c04931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c04931","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the rapid increase in global plastics production has caused various ecological and economic issues, worsened by poor material and waste management. Among the market-based instruments that could help mitigate the environmental impacts of plastics throughout their life-cycle, we evaluate the advantages and limitations of incorporating a cap-and-trade (CAT) system into future policy mixes. Our aim is to inspire further investigation of CAT’s feasibility rather than presenting it as the ultimate solution. Drawing from past CAT implementations in domains such as water resource management and carbon emissions, we outline three key policy design considerations: (1) material and target group identification, (2) cap establishment and permit allocation, and (3) development of a competitive market environment. We explore a three-tiered approach with global, national, and sectoral caps covering the plastic lifecycle from cradle to grave. While there are viable reasons to consider a plastics CAT, significant challenges persist, which may ultimately limit its implementation. In the context of ongoing UN Plastics Treaty negotiations or future policy developments, this evaluation of CAT can be beneficial for assessing when and how this tool can address the negative externalities of plastics.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143030712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ascertaining the Environmental Advantages of Pavement Designs Incorporating Recycled Content through a Parametric and Probabilistic Approach","authors":"Zhaoxing Wang,&nbsp;Joao Santos,&nbsp;Chunli Chu*,&nbsp;Qingshi Tu,&nbsp;Morten Birkved,&nbsp;Dan Chong,&nbsp;Yuan Chang,&nbsp;Huimin Chang,&nbsp;Ming Xu,&nbsp;Wim Van den bergh and Zhi Cao*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.4c1170510.1021/acs.est.4c11705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c11705https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c11705","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is a widely used end-of-life (EoL) material in asphalt pavements to increase the material circularity. However, the performance loss due to using RAP in the asphalt binder layer often requires a thicker layer, leading to additional material usage, energy consumption, and transportation effort. In this study, we developed a parametric and probabilistic life cycle assessment (LCA) framework to robustly compare various pavement designs incorporating recycled materials. Our framework is built upon thermodynamic and physical principles to reveal the complex relationship among the parameters. Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) models and Highway Development Management (HDM4) models are integrated into the framework to estimate pavement roughness and vehicle fuel consumption during the use phase. The pedigree approach and Monte Carlo simulation are integrated into the framework to reflect data uncertainty at the parameter level. We applied the framework to evaluate 66 Flemish motorway segments, revealing that using RAP in the binder layer with increased thickness does not necessarily guarantee lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for pavement construction. However, it may lead to lower GHG emissions due to fuel savings when considering the use phase, highlighting the vital role of the use phase in pavement LCA. Our global sensitivity analysis highlights several contributors (out of 87 parameters) to GHG emissions variance depending on the LCA scope: fuel consumption during the use phase, transport distances, mass of fine aggregate, and machine power and machine productivity during pavement construction. Reducing uncertainties in these parameters can decrease the variance by up to 60%, enhancing discernibility by up to 11%. In conclusion, our parametric and probabilistic LCA framework provides a nuanced understanding when comparing various pavement designs incorporating recycled content, enabling robust decision-making through improved data quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"59 4","pages":"2043–2058 2043–2058"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143089579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ascertaining the Environmental Advantages of Pavement Designs Incorporating Recycled Content through a Parametric and Probabilistic Approach","authors":"Zhaoxing Wang, Joao Santos, Chunli Chu, Qingshi Tu, Morten Birkved, Dan Chong, Yuan Chang, Huimin Chang, Ming Xu, Wim Van den bergh, Zhi Cao","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.4c11705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c11705","url":null,"abstract":"Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is a widely used end-of-life (EoL) material in asphalt pavements to increase the material circularity. However, the performance loss due to using RAP in the asphalt binder layer often requires a thicker layer, leading to additional material usage, energy consumption, and transportation effort. In this study, we developed a parametric and probabilistic life cycle assessment (LCA) framework to robustly compare various pavement designs incorporating recycled materials. Our framework is built upon thermodynamic and physical principles to reveal the complex relationship among the parameters. Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) models and Highway Development Management (HDM4) models are integrated into the framework to estimate pavement roughness and vehicle fuel consumption during the use phase. The pedigree approach and Monte Carlo simulation are integrated into the framework to reflect data uncertainty at the parameter level. We applied the framework to evaluate 66 Flemish motorway segments, revealing that using RAP in the binder layer with increased thickness does not necessarily guarantee lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for pavement construction. However, it may lead to lower GHG emissions due to fuel savings when considering the use phase, highlighting the vital role of the use phase in pavement LCA. Our global sensitivity analysis highlights several contributors (out of 87 parameters) to GHG emissions variance depending on the LCA scope: fuel consumption during the use phase, transport distances, mass of fine aggregate, and machine power and machine productivity during pavement construction. Reducing uncertainties in these parameters can decrease the variance by up to 60%, enhancing discernibility by up to 11%. In conclusion, our parametric and probabilistic LCA framework provides a nuanced understanding when comparing various pavement designs incorporating recycled content, enabling robust decision-making through improved data quality.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"206 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143030719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asymmetric Pt1O4–Ov Dual Active Sites Induced by NbOx Clusters Promotes CO Synergistical Oxidation","authors":"Junjie Wen, Jianjun Chen, Rongbing Nie, Zhiyu Li, Weihao Zhang, Jinyan Cao, Pengfei Xie, Qiulin Zhang, Ping Ning, Jiming Hao","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.4c11141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c11141","url":null,"abstract":"Pt/CeO₂ single-atom catalysts are attractive materials for CO oxidation but normally show poor activity below 150 °C mainly due to the unicity of the originally symmetric Pt₁O₄ structure. In this work, a highly active and stable Pt₁/CeO₂ single-site catalyst with only 0.1 wt % Pt loading, achieving a satisfied complete conversion of CO at 150 °C, can be obtained through fabricating asymmetric Pt₁O₄-oxygen vacancies (O_v) dual-active sites induced by well-dispersed NbO_<i>x</i> clusters. Specifically, the formation of new Ce–O–Nb interactions weakened the strength of the original Pt–O–Ce bond, thus transferring the originally near-perfect square-planar Pt₁O₄ into the distorted square-planar one, along with forming abundant O_v around the Pt site. Hence, the promoted CO activation on the asymmetric Pt₁O₄ structure and the facilitated dissociation of the O₂ on the neighboring O_v site synergistically improved the CO catalytic oxidation performance. The fabrication of such asymmetric Pt₁O₄–O_v double-active sites was also active for the oxidation of other typical hydrocarbons pollutants such as C₇H₈ and C₃H₆ from exhaust gases, shedding light on engineering high-efficiency Pt-based oxidation catalysts for low-temperature environmental catalysis.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertical Gradient of Nitryl Chloride and Implications for Atmospheric Photochemistry in Pearl River Delta, China, during Wintertime","authors":"Haichao Wang,&nbsp;Bin Yuan*,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Zhang,&nbsp;Jie Wang,&nbsp;Xiaorui Chen,&nbsp;Yiming Wang,&nbsp;Yujie Qin,&nbsp;Xiao-Bing Li,&nbsp;Chunsheng Zhang,&nbsp;Aiming Liu,&nbsp;Keding Lu,&nbsp;E. Zheng,&nbsp;Lei Li,&nbsp;Lei Yang,&nbsp;Jun Zhou,&nbsp;Xin Song,&nbsp;Yibo Huangfu,&nbsp;Xuemei Wang and Min Shao,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.4c0808910.1021/acs.est.4c08089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c08089https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c08089","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Nitryl chloride (ClNO₂) is a key precursor of chlorine radicals, influencing atmospheric oxidation and secondary pollutants formation. Few studies have examined the ClNO₂ chemistry from the perspective of the planetary boundary layer. Here, we conducted a vertically resolved investigation of ClNO₂ at six heights (ranging from 5 to 335 m) on a 356 m tower in the Pearl River Delta, China, during winter 2021. Nocturnal ClNO₂ is notably lower at the surface than the upper layers, with the nocturnal median concentration at 220 m (51 parts per trillion by volume, pptv) being approximately three times higher than that recorded in the surface layer (16 pptv). Observation-constrained box model simulations show that the NO gradients primarily account for the vertical disparities. Compared to the hydroxyl radical (OH) production via the nitrous acid and ozone photolysis, ClNO₂ photolysis contributes to radical formation by 3.8% (1.8%) at 220 m (5 m) in the morning (07:00–08:00), indicates the enhanced significance of ClNO₂ chemistry aloft compared with the ground, and may cause the underestimation of ClNO₂ photolysis impacts if solely relying on surface measurements. We highlight that more field studies are needed to elucidate ClNO₂ chemistry across the boundary layer.</p>","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"59 4","pages":"2144–2156 2144–2156"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143089788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decontamination and Surface Analysis of PFAS-Contaminated Fire Suppression System Pipes: Effects of Cleaning Agents and Temperature","authors":"Björn Bonnet*,&nbsp;Matthew K. Sharpe,&nbsp;Gulaim Seisenbaeva,&nbsp;Leo W. Y. Yeung,&nbsp;Ian Ross and Lutz Ahrens,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.4c0947410.1021/acs.est.4c09474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c09474https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c09474","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)-containing firefighting foam have been used in stationary fire suppression systems for several decades. However, there is a lack of research on how to decontaminate PFAS-contaminated infrastructure and evaluate treatment efficiency. This study assessed the removal of PFAS from stainless steel pipe surfaces using different cleaning agents (tap water, methanol, and aqueous solutions containing 10 and 20 wt % of butyl carbitol (BC)) at different temperatures (20 °C, 40 °C, and 70 °C). The content of the remaining fluorine (F)-containing compounds on the pipe surfaces was evaluated for the first time using time-of-flight elastic recoil detection (ToF-ERD). The results showed that a 20% BC aqueous solution heated to 70 °C removed up to 40 μg/cm² ∑PFAS from surfaces via soaking (targeted analysis). Treatment with 20% BC was 2- to 8-fold more effective than tap water at 70 °C and 10- to 20-fold more effective than tap water at 20 °C. Total fluorine analysis determined by combustion ion chromatography showed a 2- to 8-fold higher F-equivalent compared to targeted analysis in the cleaning solution after treatment, indicating the presence of a significant amount of polyfluoroalkyl PFAS. Surface analysis with ToF-ERD confirmed partial F removal from pipe surfaces throughout consecutive soaking intervals, with residual F remaining on pipe surfaces after treatment, leaving the risk of PFAS rebound into F-free firefighting foams. Furthermore, supramolecular assemblies of PFAS with at least 70 PFOS molecules/nm² were identified by ToF-ERD on pipe interior surfaces.</p><p >Minimal research exists on AFFF-impacted fire suppression systems. This study reports a novel approach to decontaminate AFFF-impacted pipes and points out challenges in the assessment of successful decontamination.</p>","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"59 4","pages":"2222–2232 2222–2232"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acs.est.4c09474","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143090023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Catalysis for NOx Reduction by Manipulating the Dynamic Coordination Environment of Active Sites","authors":"Lupeng Han,&nbsp;Xiyang Wang,&nbsp;Fuli Wang,&nbsp;Yongjie Shen,&nbsp;Hengxiang Zhang,&nbsp;Weiwei Hu,&nbsp;Min Gao,&nbsp;Yimin A. Wu,&nbsp;Ming Xie,&nbsp;Jianfu Chen* and Dengsong Zhang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.4c1144010.1021/acs.est.4c11440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c11440https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c11440","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Nowadays, it is challenging to achieve SO₂-tolerant environmental catalysis for NO_<i>x</i> reduction because of the thermodynamically favorable transformation of reactive sites to inactive sulfate species in the presence of SO₂. Herein, we achieve enhanced low-temperature SO₂-tolerant NO_<i>x</i> reduction by manipulating the dynamic coordination environment of active sites. Engineered by coordination chemistry, SiO₂-CeO₂ composite oxides with a short-range ordered Ce–O–Si structure were elaborately constructed on a TiO₂ support. A dynamic coordination environment of active sites is demonstrated from a Ce–O–Si local structure to a low-coordinated Ce-SO₄^2– species in the presence of SO₂. The low-coordinated Ce-SO₄^2– species as new active sites maintain a high NO removal efficiency by preserving the good adsorption and activation capacity of NO and NH₃ reactants. This work proposes a new notion to improve the SO₂ resistance of catalysts by regulating the coordination environment of sulfated active sites, which is of significance for SO₂-tolerant environmental catalysis in practical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"59 4","pages":"2306–2316 2306–2316"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143090105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Catalysis for NOx Reduction by Manipulating the Dynamic Coordination Environment of Active Sites","authors":"Lupeng Han, Xiyang Wang, Fuli Wang, Yongjie Shen, Hengxiang Zhang, Weiwei Hu, Min Gao, Yimin A. Wu, Ming Xie, Jianfu Chen, Dengsong Zhang","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.4c11440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c11440","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, it is challenging to achieve SO₂-tolerant environmental catalysis for NO_<i>x</i> reduction because of the thermodynamically favorable transformation of reactive sites to inactive sulfate species in the presence of SO₂. Herein, we achieve enhanced low-temperature SO₂-tolerant NO_<i>x</i> reduction by manipulating the dynamic coordination environment of active sites. Engineered by coordination chemistry, SiO₂-CeO₂ composite oxides with a short-range ordered Ce–O–Si structure were elaborately constructed on a TiO₂ support. A dynamic coordination environment of active sites is demonstrated from a Ce–O–Si local structure to a low-coordinated Ce-SO₄^2– species in the presence of SO₂. The low-coordinated Ce-SO₄^2– species as new active sites maintain a high NO removal efficiency by preserving the good adsorption and activation capacity of NO and NH₃ reactants. This work proposes a new notion to improve the SO₂ resistance of catalysts by regulating the coordination environment of sulfated active sites, which is of significance for SO₂-tolerant environmental catalysis in practical applications.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143020621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Freshwater Salinization Mitigated N2O Emissions in Submerged Plant-Covered Systems: Insights from Attached Biofilms","authors":"Yongxia Huang, Min Deng, Lu Li, Zezheng Wang, Kang Song, Fengchang Wu","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.4c10860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c10860","url":null,"abstract":"Submerged plants (SMPs) play a critical role in improving water quality and reducing N₂O greenhouse gas emissions. However, freshwater salinization represents a major environmental challenge in aquatic systems. To investigate the impact of salinization on N₂O emissions, this study conducted indoor mesocosm experiments simulating SMP and nonsubmerged plant (Non_SMP) areas in freshwater lakes. The objective was to explore the effects and microbial mechanisms of the attached biofilm on N₂O emission in freshwater salinization. Salinization systems (700–1500 μS cm^–1) reduced N₂O flux by 37.0 and 40.5% compared to freshwater systems (&lt;700 μS cm^–1) of SMPs and Non_SMPs, respectively. Kinetic experiments showed that the reduction in N₂O emissions was mainly attributed to the attached biofilm rather than the sediment or water. The N₂O net emission rates of the attached biofilm decreased by 47.1 and 71.8% in salinization systems of SMPs and Non_SMPs, respectively, compared with freshwater systems. Additionally, biofilms in salinization systems exhibited lower denitrification rates. Furthermore, salinization reduced the N₂O production potential ((<i>nirS</i> + <i>nirK</i>)/(<i>nosZI</i> + <i>nosZII</i>)), thereby further decreasing N₂O emissions. This study provides valuable insights into the role and mechanisms of biofilms in mitigating N₂O emissions in salinized freshwater lakes.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Decarbonization Potential of Global Fired Clay Brick Production","authors":"Josefine A. Olsson, Hisham Hafez, Sabbie A. Miller, Karen L. Scrivener","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.4c08994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c08994","url":null,"abstract":"Fired clay bricks (FCBs) are a dominant building material globally due to their low cost and simplicity of production, especially in low- and middle-income countries. With a projected rising housing demand, commensurate growth in brick demand is anticipated, the production of which could result in significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Robust models are needed to estimate brick demand and emissions to systematically address decarbonization pathways. Few sources report production values; hence, we present two novel proxy models: (i) a consumption prediction model, relying on country-specific clay extraction data, dynamic building stock modeling, and average material intensity use allowing for projections to 2050; and (ii) a GHG emissions model, using literature-based data and production technology-specific inputs. Based on these models, the current global FCB consumption is estimated as 2.18 Gt annually, resulting in approximately 500 million tCO₂e (1% of current global GHG emissions). If unaddressed, this fraction could increase to 3.5–5% in 2050 considering a moderate SSP 2-4.5 climate change mitigation scenario. Consequently, we explored three potential decarbonization pathways: (i) improving energy efficiency; (ii) shifting production to best practices; and (iii) replacing half of FCB demand with hollow concrete blocks, resulting in 27%, 49%, and 51% reduction in GHG emissions, respectively.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143020591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}