环境科学与技术最新文献_第2页

Optimal Environmental Siting of Future Wind Turbines in the North Sea 北海未来风力涡轮机的最佳环境选址

IF 9.028 1区环境科学与生态学

环境科学与技术 Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c03861

Chen Li, Bernhard Steubing, Joeri Morpurgo, Arnold Tukker, José M. Mogollón

{"title":"Optimal Environmental Siting of Future Wind Turbines in the North Sea","authors":"Chen Li, Bernhard Steubing, Joeri Morpurgo, Arnold Tukker, José M. Mogollón","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.4c03861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c03861","url":null,"abstract":"Offshore wind energy (OWE) represents a key technology for achieving a sustainable energy transition. However, offshore wind farms (OWFs) can impact the environment via installation, operation, maintenance, and decommissioning activities together with the raw materials and energy required for their manufacturing. This study assesses the material and carbon footprint of potential OWF locations in the North Sea for various possible future technology developments. We find that better sitings could save up to ∼0.11 kg (∼65%) of steel, ∼ 0.16 g (∼31%) of copper, and ∼6.44 kg (∼26%) of embodied CO2-eq per MWh of electricity produced compared to the status quo setups. Nearshore regions of the North Sea, particularly the eastern and northwestern areas, have the lowest CO2-eq per MWh of electricity produced due to favorable wind resources. Developing an OWF in the central North Sea requires more copper and aluminum due to large distances to shore and thus incurs higher embodied CO2-eq per MWh. These areas also overlap with several protected areas and thus remain the least favorable for OWE development. The future emergent OWE technological developments for 2040 such as the installation of larger turbines with an extended lifetime alone could, on average, lead to reductions of ∼0.06 kg in steel demand (∼35%), ∼ 0.15 g in copper demand (∼31%), and ∼10.97 kg of CO2-eq (∼41%) per MWh produced. Future OWFs incorporating these technological developments, when placed in the most suitable locations, have the potential to substantially lower OWF environmental impacts across the full turbine life cycle.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142849322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stability of Lead(IV) Oxide in a Lead Pipe Scale and Its Potential Role in Corrosion Control

IF 9.028 1区环境科学与生态学

环境科学与技术 Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c11660

Yao Ma, Isabella N. Stull, Daniel E. Giammar

{"title":"Stability of Lead(IV) Oxide in a Lead Pipe Scale and Its Potential Role in Corrosion Control","authors":"Yao Ma, Isabella N. Stull, Daniel E. Giammar","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.4c11660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c11660","url":null,"abstract":"Lead(IV) oxide (PbO2) is an important component of the scale in many lead pipes used for water supply. Promoting conditions that maintain its stability could be an effective method for limiting lead release. In this study, we applied a method that combined electrochemical and free chlorine conditioning to form PbO2 scales on coupons. Lead coupons were then used to investigate the impacts of water stagnation time and residual free chlorine on PbO2 stability. Free chlorine depletion and associated lead release were investigated from 30 min to 5 days for different initial free chlorine concentrations (0.5–3.0 mg/L as Cl2). There was a lag time of up to 24 h between free chlorine depletion and observed lead increases. With daily readjustment of free chlorine to 0.2 mg/L or higher, the stability of the PbO2 scale on the lead coupon was maintained and dissolved lead remained consistently below 10 μg/L. This study provides information on key factors affecting reductive dissolution of PbO2 present in lead scales. It bridges the theoretical threshold free chlorine to maintain PbO2 stability with experimental results and provides implications for actual water quality monitoring and household drinking water use.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142857570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cascading Pathways Regulate the Biotransformations of Eight Fluorotelomer Acids Performed by Wastewater Microbial Communities

IF 9.028 1区环境科学与生态学

环境科学与技术 Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c09534

Fanshu Geng, Damian E. Helbling

{"title":"Cascading Pathways Regulate the Biotransformations of Eight Fluorotelomer Acids Performed by Wastewater Microbial Communities","authors":"Fanshu Geng, Damian E. Helbling","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.4c09534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c09534","url":null,"abstract":"Polyfluoroalkyl substances can be biotransformed in natural or engineered environmental systems to generate perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs). Data are needed to support the development of biotransformation pathway prediction tools that simulate biotransformation pathways of polyfluoroalkyl substances in specific environmental systems. The goal of this study was to experimentally evaluate the biotransformation of eight structurally similar fluorotelomer acids to identify biotransformation products and propose biotransformation pathways. We selected six fluorotelomer carboxylic acids and two fluorotelomer sulfonic acids and employed a biotransformation test system in which batch reactors are seeded with aerobic wastewater microbial communities. We identified 111 biotransformation products among the eight parent compounds, 58 of which represent unique chemical structures. Many of the biotransformation products are the result of apparent dehydrogenation, monohydroxylation, alcohol oxidation, decarboxylation, HF-elimination, and reductive defluorination biotransformations. We use these data to propose cascading biotransformation pathways that are regulated by integrated and synergistic α-oxidation-like, β-oxidation-like, and defluorination biotransformations that result in the formation of terminal PFAAs of varying chain length. Our data provide a comprehensive view on the aerobic biotransformation of fluorotelomer acids and our results can be used to support the ongoing development of biotransformation pathway prediction tools.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"260 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142849635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comprehensive Multidimensional Analysis of Metal(loid)-Containing Dust in Plastic Sports Facilities: Insights into the Potential Sources and Health Risks

IF 9.028 1区环境科学与生态学

环境科学与技术 Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c11896

Xiangwei Tian, Qingqing Yang, Yuqian Zhao, Dandan Cao, Yanwei Liu, Yingying Guo, Wenbin Cui, Ligang Hu, Yongguang Yin, Yong Cai, Guibin Jiang

{"title":"Comprehensive Multidimensional Analysis of Metal(loid)-Containing Dust in Plastic Sports Facilities: Insights into the Potential Sources and Health Risks","authors":"Xiangwei Tian, Qingqing Yang, Yuqian Zhao, Dandan Cao, Yanwei Liu, Yingying Guo, Wenbin Cui, Ligang Hu, Yongguang Yin, Yong Cai, Guibin Jiang","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.4c11896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c11896","url":null,"abstract":"Dust released from widely established plastic sports courts and synthetic turf poses potential environmental and health risks. Herein, we systematically investigate the metal(loid) characteristics, potential sources, and health risks of 162 dust samples from 17 campuses in Beijing, using complementary analytical techniques. Bulk analysis revealed higher levels of Zn, Pb, Cu, Sb, Cd, and Cr than background values, suggesting excessive anthropogenic contamination. Pb and Cr in plastic basketball court and track dust and Zn and Sb in synthetic turf dust were higher than those in other sports facilities. Multielement single-particle inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry (spICP-TOF-MS) revealed more Fe-, Al-, Si-, Ti-, and Pb-containing particles in the dust. At least 92% toxic Pb-containing particles were composed of multiple elements. The significant correlations between Pb and Cr contents on individual dust particles support their common potential source from inorganic pigments (crocoite, PbCrO4). Pb, Sb, As, and Cr in the dust pose higher health risks through intake. The risks were estimated to be approximately 3–5 times higher for children than for adults. Additionally, highly toxic Cr(VI) and As(III) species were observed in the sweat and gastric juice leachate of dust, highlighting severe threats of the metal(loid)s to human health.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correspondence on “Carbon Abatement and Leakage in China’s Regional Carbon Emission Trading”

IF 9.028 1区环境科学与生态学

环境科学与技术 Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c11630

Daxin Dong

引用次数: 0

Integrating Biological Early Warning Systems with High-Resolution Online Chemical Monitoring in Wastewater Treatment Plants

IF 9.028 1区环境科学与生态学

环境科学与技术 Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c07316

Ali Kizgin, Danina Schmidt, Julian Bosshard, Heinz Singer, Juliane Hollender, Eberhard Morgenroth, Cornelia Kienle, Miriam Langer

{"title":"Integrating Biological Early Warning Systems with High-Resolution Online Chemical Monitoring in Wastewater Treatment Plants","authors":"Ali Kizgin, Danina Schmidt, Julian Bosshard, Heinz Singer, Juliane Hollender, Eberhard Morgenroth, Cornelia Kienle, Miriam Langer","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.4c07316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c07316","url":null,"abstract":"Detection of micropollutants (MPs) in wastewater effluents using traditional toxicity tests or chemical analysis with discrete samples is challenging due to concentration dynamics. This study evaluates a continuous monitoring approach for detecting MPs in wastewater effluents using a combination of biological early warning systems (BEWS). Three BEWS with Chlorella vulgaris, Daphnia magna, and Gammarus pulex were operated in parallel in a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant. Concentrations of MPs were monitored by simultaneous online chemical analysis using high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (MS2Field). Over 5 weeks, behavioral changes observed in the BEWS occasionally exceeded acute toxicity thresholds, triggering alarms. These changes were related to MPs identified by the MS2Field, to abiotic factors, or to operational parameters of the BEWS. For one toxic event, behavioral responses were linked to a pesticide, not authorized in Switzerland, at concentrations close to literature EC50 values. Verification tests confirmed that the pesticide in the effluent was the most likely cause for the organism response. The study demonstrates the potential of BEWS as a stand-alone technique for detecting contamination peaks in wastewater, and identifies key limitations and critical factors that need to be addressed to optimize the use of BEWS in wastewater monitoring.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating Chemical Transport and Machine Learning Models for Wildfire Smoke PM2.5: Implications for Assessment of Health Impacts

IF 9.028 1区环境科学与生态学

环境科学与技术 Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c05922

Minghao Qiu, Makoto Kelp, Sam Heft-Neal, Xiaomeng Jin, Carlos F. Gould, Daniel Q. Tong, Marshall Burke

{"title":"Evaluating Chemical Transport and Machine Learning Models for Wildfire Smoke PM2.5: Implications for Assessment of Health Impacts","authors":"Minghao Qiu, Makoto Kelp, Sam Heft-Neal, Xiaomeng Jin, Carlos F. Gould, Daniel Q. Tong, Marshall Burke","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.4c05922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c05922","url":null,"abstract":"Growing wildfire smoke represents a substantial threat to air quality and human health. However, the impact of wildfire smoke on human health remains imprecisely understood due to uncertainties in both the measurement of exposure of population to wildfire smoke and dose–response functions linking exposure to health. Here, we compare daily wildfire smoke-related surface fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations estimated using three approaches, including two chemical transport models (CTMs): GEOS-Chem and the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) and one machine learning (ML) model over the contiguous US in 2020, a historically active fire year. In the western US, compared against surface PM2.5 measurements from the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and PurpleAir sensors, we find that CTMs overestimate PM2.5 concentrations during extreme smoke episodes by up to 3–5 fold, while ML estimates are largely consistent with surface measurements. However, in the eastern US, where smoke levels were much lower in 2020, CTMs show modestly better agreement with surface measurements. We develop a calibration framework that integrates CTM- and ML-based approaches to yield estimates of smoke PM2.5 concentrations that outperform individual approach. When combining the estimated smoke PM2.5 concentrations with county-level mortality rates, we find consistent effects of low-level smoke on mortality but large discrepancies in effects of high-level smoke exposure across different methods. Our research highlights the differences across estimation methods for understanding the health impacts of wildfire smoke and demonstrates the importance of bench-marking estimates with available surface measurements.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142849634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling the Global Impact of Chlorine Chemistry on Secondary Organic Aerosols

IF 9.028 1区环境科学与生态学

环境科学与技术 Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c05037

Xi Liu, Leyang Liu, Bingqing Zhang, Pengfei Liu, Ru-Jin Huang, Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz, Ruqian Miao, Qi Chen, Xuan Wang

{"title":"Modeling the Global Impact of Chlorine Chemistry on Secondary Organic Aerosols","authors":"Xi Liu, Leyang Liu, Bingqing Zhang, Pengfei Liu, Ru-Jin Huang, Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz, Ruqian Miao, Qi Chen, Xuan Wang","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.4c05037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c05037","url":null,"abstract":"Simulation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in models has been an uncertain component in determining the impacts of atmospheric aerosols on air quality and climate. Recent studies have shown that reactive chlorine can rapidly oxidize volatile organic compounds (VOCs), trigger SOA formation, and alter other oxidants, thus having a potentially significant effect on SOA, which has not been thoroughly investigated at the global scale. Here, we developed a chlorine-SOA simulation within a global chemical transport model along with updated anthropogenic continental chlorine emissions. Our simulations demonstrate that chlorine chemistry increases the annual mean boundary layer SOA by 5–12% over most continents while decreasing SOA by 5–11% over northern Atlantic and Pacific oceans, which are in the right direction to narrow existing discrepancies between models and observations. Notably, sensitivity simulations in China with observed high chlorine levels capture the temporal variations of both observed fine Cl– and organic aerosol, showing an increase in SOA by more than 100%. Our study also reveals that polluted regions, which have ample emissions of both chlorine species and VOCs, exhibit potential chlorinated SOA, which are commonly toxic, contributing up to 15% to total SOA.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ultrafine Particle Generation from Ozone Oxidation of Cannabis Smoke

IF 9.028 1区环境科学与生态学

环境科学与技术 Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c08311

Kristen Yeh, Jenna C. Ditto, Laura-Helena Rivellini, Amirashkan Askari, Jonathan P. D. Abbatt

{"title":"Ultrafine Particle Generation from Ozone Oxidation of Cannabis Smoke","authors":"Kristen Yeh, Jenna C. Ditto, Laura-Helena Rivellini, Amirashkan Askari, Jonathan P. D. Abbatt","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.4c08311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c08311","url":null,"abstract":"Cannabis smoke is a complex aerosol mixture, featuring characteristic monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes which are susceptible to reaction with ozone and other oxidants. These reactions form less-volatile species which can contribute to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and ultrafine particle (UFP) formation. In this work, the reaction of ozone with cannabis smoke was observed in an environmental chamber. Particle size distribution, and gas-phase and particle-phase composition were monitored in real time. The diameter of primary particles ranged from 10–1 to 1 μm. Ultrafine particle formation occurred when cannabis smoke was exposed to ozone levels greater than 10 ppb, over the entire observed primary particle concentration range (1030–4580 μg m–3). Gas-phase measurements indicate that monoterpene and sesquiterpene levels decayed rapidly upon ozone exposure, while oxygen-containing species were formed during oxidation. On the other hand, measurements of particle composition showed an increase in nitrogen-containing species during oxidation. Although ozone was the only oxidant added to cannabis smoke in the chamber, it is believed that the OH radical plays an important role in the oxidation mechanism, where OH results from the reaction of ozone with terpenes and sesquiterpenes. Overall, smoking cannabis in ozone-rich environments, both indoors and outdoors, will likely lead to UFP formation.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thermodynamics of Electrochemical Marine Inorganic Carbon Removal

IF 9.028 1区环境科学与生态学

环境科学与技术 Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c05721

Fabian J. Dickhardt, Michael P. Nitzsche, Simon Rufer, T. Alan Hatton, Kripa K. Varanasi

{"title":"Thermodynamics of Electrochemical Marine Inorganic Carbon Removal","authors":"Fabian J. Dickhardt, Michael P. Nitzsche, Simon Rufer, T. Alan Hatton, Kripa K. Varanasi","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.4c05721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c05721","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, marine carbon removal technologies have gained attention as a means of reducing greenhouse gas concentrations. One family of these technologies is electrochemical systems, which employ Faradaic reactions to drive alkalinity-swings and enable dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) removal as gaseous CO2 or as solid minerals. In this work, we develop a thermodynamic framework to estimate upper bounds on performance for Faradaic DIC removal systems. To assess the fundamental mass balances of these systems, we first define unit operations in the DIC/total alkalinity (TA) space. By coupling a seawater speciation model to an electrochemical framework, we provide a generalized comparison of gas evolution and mineralization DIC removal routes, focusing on asymmetric charge/discharge systems. We then show how this framework can be extended to other processes, such as those employing dilution schemes. Finally, we provide a minimum energetic assessment of mCDR pathways relative to direct air capture. Overall, this thermodynamic framework aims to guide system and process design and to drive material discovery and engineering for future electrochemical marine DIC removal systems.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0