Era's Journal of Medical Research最新文献

{"title":"AFLATOXIN B1: A REVIEW ON BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, EXPOSURE, MECHANISMS OF ACTION AND CHRONIC DISEASES CAUSED BY AFLATOXINS","authors":"R. Hameed, Maher Abbood Mukheef, Hassan H. Khader, G. Fatima, Subuhi Anwar","doi":"10.24041/ejmr2023.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24041/ejmr2023.10","url":null,"abstract":"It has been reported that AFB1 is related to renal adverse effects, specially with Uncertain cause chronic kidney disease. It is a phrase that has been employed to refer to CKD that is not caused by any well-known risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, or HIV. Across the world, reports of CKDu are becoming more frequent, and in several areas in Central America, eastern Europe, and south Asia, they are reaching epidemic levels. In the first epidemiological investigation, which was conducted in 2007 and sought to uncover potential risk factors of CKDu, it was claimed that the disease was caused by the environment (1). Environmental factors that have been researched as potential causes of CKDu include heavy metal exposure, high seasonal temperatures, pesticide use, mycotoxins, polluted water resources, and snake bites. In order to comprehend and avoid CKDu, it may be useful to highlight common risk factors across various international settings and populations as the underlying aetiologies in most locations have not been adequately defined. 30% and 21%, respectively, of ESRD patients have diabetes and hypertension; however, younger individuals in underdeveloped nations are more likely to have glomerulonephritis and CKD with an unknown aetiology. As a result, the goal of this research was to follow the theoretical research on AFB1 and its part in the aetiology of chronic renal disease, which is yet unknown.","PeriodicalId":368781,"journal":{"name":"Era's Journal of Medical Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131016319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECT AND IMPLICATION OF BRONCHOSCOPIC BALLOON DILATATION IN A CASE OF TOTAL LUNG COLLAPSE","authors":"A. Srivastava, Rachit Sharma, J. Manchanda, Charu Sadhwani, Afrah Sharif","doi":"10.24041/ejmr2023.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24041/ejmr2023.24","url":null,"abstract":"It is relatively uncommon for a young patient to have a severe airway blockage. Clinical suspicion of severe endobronchial anatomic alterations is uncommon. In certain situations, bronchoscopy results or radiographic findings are helpful in further assessment. Sarcoidosis, TB, and vasculitides cannot be diagnosed in our case because there is no clinical, radiological, or pathological evidence of these conditions. It is important to identify between benign and malignant tracheobronchial stenosis aetiologies, as well as to take into account the degree of aggression depending on the underlying condition and likelihood of cure. Additionally, it's crucial to take into account whether the obstruction is dynamic (tracheobronchomalacia) or fixed, particularly in the case of benign disease.","PeriodicalId":368781,"journal":{"name":"Era's Journal of Medical Research","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122584931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CESAREAN SECTION INDICATIONS USING MODIFIED ROBSON’S CRITERIA","authors":"Uzma Khan, Suman Nishad, Shwetanjali Kumari, Ayesha Ahmad, F. Khatoon, Aalami Zeba","doi":"10.24041/ejmr2023.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24041/ejmr2023.3","url":null,"abstract":"Cesarean section (CS) is increasingly replacing vaginal delivery, which is concerning due to associated complications. World Health Organization (WHO) recommends robust classification such as Modified Robson's criteria for decision making to minimise non indicated CS. This study was planned to see the applicability of Modified Robson's criteria in assessing causes of CS. To classify and compare indications of CS using the WHO modified Robson’s criteria. The present study was a retrospective study conducted at Era's Lucknow Medical College over 24 months. Due approval was obtained from ethics committee before commencing the study. All cases who underwent CS from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2019 were analysed, data classified in accordance with the WHO Modified Robson's criteria and analysed. Parameters used for analysis included gestational age, parity, number of foetuses, history of previous CS, fetal lie and presentation, induced or spontaneous labour, indication of CS and any associated high risk factors. Of 1929 deliveries, 621(32.2%) had CS. A total 500 CS were evaluated. The major contributor to overall CS rate was Group 5 [30%], 10 [17.4%] and 1 [16.4%]. Modified Robson's classification could be easily applied to our data set and helped in identification of the main groups which contributed majorly to the overall CS rate viz. previous CS, nulliparity, prematurity and induced labours. It also helped us in identifying the subgroups which require more surveillance and monitoring. It is important to focus on Group 5, 10 and 1 which constitute 63.8% of total CS being done.","PeriodicalId":368781,"journal":{"name":"Era's Journal of Medical Research","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115076842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PATIENT SATISFACTION IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT: THE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL SAMPLE","authors":"Derya Can, Nukhet Bayer","doi":"10.24041/ejmr2023.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24041/ejmr2023.7","url":null,"abstract":"Quality, adequate and fast service in the emergency department creates satisfaction in patients. In order to improve patient satisfaction, it is necessary to determine the level of satisfaction. In this study, it was aimed to determine the level of patient satisfaction in the emergency department. In this descriptive study, patients who admitted to the adult emergency department of a university hospital constituted the universe of the study. The study was conducted with 310 participants. A questionnaire method was used to collect the data. SPSS statistical program was used for data analysis. It was found that 57.7% of the participants were female, 59% were married, and 43.7% were university graduates. The mean BEPSS score was in the range of 1-4 (3.2±0.5). Positive correlations were found between BEPSS overall score and nurse satisfaction (r=0.720, p<0.01), hospital receptionist satisfaction (r=0.640, p<0.01), emergency department environment (r=0.709, p<0.01), physician care satisfaction (r=0.711, p<0.01), and general patient satisfaction (r=0.735, p<0.01) sub-dimensions. In our study, the emergency department satisfaction levels of the patients were high. There is no difference in emergency department satisfaction levels according to the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants. There is a statistically significant positive correlation between the overall BEPSS and its sub-dimensions. The high level of satisfaction should be maintained by emergency health personnel and administrators by making controls and continuous improvements in the elements that constitute the emergency department satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":368781,"journal":{"name":"Era's Journal of Medical Research","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131564018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMBATING THE ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE BY PERSONALIZED MEDICINE: A MINI-REVIEW","authors":"Shrikant Verma, Sushma Verma, M. Abbas, F. Mahdi","doi":"10.24041/ejmr2023.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24041/ejmr2023.14","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of drug-resistant microorganisms has resulted in the reduced effectiveness of traditional antimicrobial therapies. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recognized antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacterial infections as a significant global health crisis. If effective measures are not established by 2050, it is projected that annual deaths from diseases caused by drug-resistant bacteria could reach up to 10 million people. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) arises due to the transfer of bacteria and genes among humans, animals, and the environment. While there are inherent barriers that impede the unrestricted movement of bacteria and genes, the acquisition of new resistance factors from various species is a common occurrence. This phenomenon undermines our capacity to effectively prevent and treat bacterial infections, posing significant challenges. The core of the problem lies in the evolution of pathogens, which enables bacteria to rapidly adapt to the selective pressures imposed by the use of antimicrobials in medical and agricultural settings. This adaptation encourages the spread of resistance genes or alleles within bacterial populations. To combat these challenges, there is a growing focus on the development of precision antimicrobial treatments that target the key virulence characteristics of individual infections. This approach aims to tailor treatment to specific infections, considering their unique characteristics. In this article, we explore the benefits, advancements, and challenges associated with the development of precision antimicrobial medicines. The goal is to enhance our ability to effectively combat drug-resistant bacteria and mitigate the impact ofAMR on global health.","PeriodicalId":368781,"journal":{"name":"Era's Journal of Medical Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133714415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ADRENOCORTICAL CARCINOMA IN A 2 YEAR OLD CHILD, A RARE ENTITY","authors":"A. Agarwal, S. Bharti","doi":"10.24041/ejmr2023.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24041/ejmr2023.21","url":null,"abstract":"Adrenocortical carcinomas are a rare type of malignancy, particularly in children. There is no such gender predilection with both male and female preponderance in different studies. Early diagnosis and treatment are necessary for better prognosis as well as its differentiation from entities like adrenocortical adenoma and phaeochromocytoma. Here, we describe a case of adrenocortical cancer in a 2-year-old child who had virilistic symptoms, hirsutism and weight gain. Her tanner stage was II. On histomorphology Weiss score was 8 and Wieneke AFIP score was 6. Patient received timely chemotherapy after surgery","PeriodicalId":368781,"journal":{"name":"Era's Journal of Medical Research","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121482841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASSOCIATION OF γ-GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASES (GGT) WITH AND WITHOUT HYPERTENSIVE RETINOPATHY IN NORTH INDIAN POPULATION","authors":"Bharti Nigam, A. Chaturvedi, Kanika Sharma","doi":"10.24041/ejmr2022.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24041/ejmr2022.29","url":null,"abstract":"γ-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) has been extensively studied because it mediates the intracellular uptake of extracellular glutathione, a key component of the antioxidant mechanism. The most common modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease is hypertension, and has been found to be associated with serum GGT levels, especially in middle-aged and older adults. Serum GGT is involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. A case-control study was conducted for 24 months with patients with pre-diagnosed hypertension in the ophthalmology department. Patients were classified into two groups, group 1 with 50 patients previously diagnosed hypertensive patients aged 40 years without hypertensive retinopathy and group 2 (100 patients) with had hypertensive retinopathy. Serum gamma-glutamyl- transferase was measured using the CORAL Colorimetric Assay Kit. Majority of patients were aged between 40 to 59 years and were females. SBP, DBP and MAP significantly increased in group 2 when compared with group 1. Majority of group 2 patients had GGT levels >40 U/l (89.0%), while the majority of group 1 had her GGT levels less than <40 U/L (62.0%).According to our study, GGT was significantly increased in patients with high blood pressure (SBPand DBP) and a family history of hypertension.","PeriodicalId":368781,"journal":{"name":"Era's Journal of Medical Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115555079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STUDY OF BACTERIURIA AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN PANIPAT DISTRICT, INDIA","authors":"","doi":"10.24041/ejmr2022.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24041/ejmr2022.30","url":null,"abstract":"Most common population at risk for both symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) and asymptomatic bacteriuria, however, is sexually active women. Although asymptomatic infection in this group does not clearly produce serious medical problems, it may be a predictor of future symptomatic infection. Women are more susceptible to infection than men because of the shorter length of the female urethra. Perineal bacterial microbiota that originate in the gastrointestinal tract are the usual pathogens, especially if the bacteria possess factors that facilitate their binding to the uroepithelium. Sexual intercourse facilitates entry of the bacteria into the female urethra. Pregnant women are extra at risk of expand UTIs due to physiological adjustments withinside the urinary tract. UTI constitute severe threats to human health worldwide and hundreds of thousands of the humans affected every year. The aim of this study was to know the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates in pregnant female patients. A total two hundred pregnant and non-pregnant females patients had been included on this study after obtaining the consent. Under strict aseptic precautions midstream urine samples had been taken from all sufferers. All the samples had been processed with the aid of using the usage of standard bacteriological methods i.e. wet mount, inoculation on blood agar and MacConkey's agar after which diagnosed with the aid of using standard biochemical tests, antibiotic sensitivity trying out changed into completed with the aid of using Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion method. In this study 80 out of 200 females patient i.e. 40% were showed UTI of which a most of 20 to 30 years age group had a considerably better occurrence of UTI i.e. 56.25%, while the age group of 60 years and above suggests the lowest contamination rate i.e 2.5% as compared to others. Females belonging to lower socioeconomic status had been extra liable to UTI then others. Pregnant females were more prone to UTI then non-pregnant females i.e. 52.73% and 35.17% respectively. Amongst pregnant females, primigravida and those in the first and second trimesters had been at higher risk. All isolates had been sensitivity to ampicillin+sulbactam, sparfloxacin, and gatifloxacin. Our study mentioned that the prevalence of UTIs was 40%; the pregnant female patients were more prone to UTI than non-pregnant females. The most isolated microorganism had been Escherichia coli which was maximum accountable for UTIs. The sexually active age group 26-30 years was highly at risk of UTI. Females belonging to lower socioeconomic status had been extra liable to contamination. Pregnancy was one in each of the predisposing elements for UTI. All isolates had been confirmed sensitivity to ampicillin+sulbactam, sparfloxacin, and gatifloxacin.","PeriodicalId":368781,"journal":{"name":"Era's Journal of Medical Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125714705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A CLINICOHAEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE OF ADVERSE TRANSFUSION REACTIONS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH BLOOD COMPONENTS","authors":"Adil Salmani, Aparna Bhardwaj, Saqib Ahmed, G. Raturi","doi":"10.24041/ejmr2022.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24041/ejmr2022.32","url":null,"abstract":"Different blood components are associated with various types of adverse transfusion reactions and are linked to several factors including the number, rate and volume of transfusions. The given study was conducted to study the relationship between various transfusion reactions and its causative factors. This study was a prospective study of eighteen months on all patients who were recipient of a blood transfusion and blood components including various adverse reactions and events related to transfusion. These were correlated with tests for compatibility including general blood picture ,tests for haemolysis ,hematuria and haemoglobinuria, Coombs Test (Direct and Indirect), culture along with relevant clinical details of the patient. Out of a total of 31451 units of blood issued, 47 adverse transfusion reactions were noted with a maximum number in the age group of > 18 years (87.3%) with M: F being 1.6: 1 .0.24% of adverse transfusion reactions were by Packed red blood cell (PRBCs) transfusion and mostly were immediate transfusion with a mean volume of 100 ml and mean time of 20 minutes. Febrile Non Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR) was the commonest Adverse Transfusion Reaction (ATR)(0.128%) with 2 cases positive for Direct Coombs Test. A thorough serological and immunological examination and the addition of methods like buffy coat reduction and leucocyte filtration help in reducing the incidences of hemolytic transfusion reactions and transmitted infections and establishing a hemovigilance system help in the attainment of the goal of safe transfusion.","PeriodicalId":368781,"journal":{"name":"Era's Journal of Medical Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133804513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A RARE CASE REPORT OF GALLBLADDER ASCARIASIS","authors":"Anjali Jalan, Osman Musa, A. Afroz","doi":"10.24041/ejmr2022.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24041/ejmr2022.44","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatobiliary ascariasis is found in subtropical or tropical countries and is prevalent geo-helminth infection.Ascariasis lumbricoides are found mainly in the small intestine. Rarely the worm may migrate to the pancreatic duct or common bile duct but rarely to the gallbladder due to cystic duct which is strait and tortuous. The gall bladder ascaris can cause obstructive features due to lithiasis or calcified worms. The management is usually conservative if the worm is alive or else it can be removed by surgery.","PeriodicalId":368781,"journal":{"name":"Era's Journal of Medical Research","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127025123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}