Academic Forensic Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Ligature Strangulation in a Vehicular Accident Due to the Entanglement of a Shirt: An Autopsy Case.","authors":"Vikas P Meshram, Kailash U Zine, Vikas Rathod, Harshwardhan Khushalrao Khartade, Raghvendra Singh Shekhawat","doi":"10.1177/19253621221137227","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19253621221137227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Among the various types of asphyxial deaths, strangulation is one of the commonly encountered cases as structures in the neck make it vulnerable to fatality. In most such cases, ligature material, usually cloth, is used for the commission of the offense. Clothing may be associated with a wide range of both accidental and deliberately induced deaths. Accidental strangulation due to entrapment of the neck in clothing, especially in relation to vehicular accidents, has also been described in the literature, but these cases are mostly associated with long scarf-like clothing. Loose clothing and intoxication act as critical factors in entrapping the person in such an event. This case report highlights the rare occurrence of accidental strangulation due to the entanglement of clothing other than a long scarf consequent upon road traffic incident.</p>","PeriodicalId":36813,"journal":{"name":"Academic Forensic Pathology","volume":"12 4","pages":"174-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9761239/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10424580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Death Involving 4-Fluoroethylphenidate (4F-EPH): Case Report, User Experiences, and Review of the Related Literature.","authors":"John Martin Corkery, Fabrizio Schifano","doi":"10.1177/19253621221142480","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19253621221142480","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>4-Fluoroethylphenidate (4F-EPH) is a psychoactive substance, sold primarily over the Internet as a `research chemical'. Recreational and `functional' use of this drug has been reported by online user fora. Scientifically-based data on the pharmacological, physiological, psychopharmacological, toxicological, and epidemiological characteristics of this molecule is non-existent. The aim of this paper is to remedy this situation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Recent literature (including 'grey') was searched to update what is known about 4F-EPH, especially its toxicity. This was supplemented by netnographic examinations of internet sites.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The resultant information is presented, including details of the first reported death involving 4F-EPH use in 2016. There are no international controls imposed on 4F-EPH. However, it has been made a controlled drug in several European countries, including the United Kingdom since 31 May 2017, as well as Canada.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It is vital that any other cases, including non-fatal overdoses, are documented so that a firmer scientific evidence-base can be established for this molecule. This will then help inform clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":36813,"journal":{"name":"Academic Forensic Pathology","volume":"12 4","pages":"149-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9761242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10411645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postmortem Genetic Testing Is an Increasingly Utilized Tool in Death Investigation.","authors":"Rebecca Latimer,&nbsp;Heather MacLeod,&nbsp;Lisa Dellefave-Castillo,&nbsp;Daniela Macaya,&nbsp;Tara R Hart","doi":"10.1177/19253621221124800","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19253621221124800","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Postmortem genetic testing (PMGT) can provide valuable information about an individual's cause of death and potentially allow at-risk relatives to discern their risks for inherited cardiac disease. Postmortem genetic testing is most often successful with certain specimens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Investigators collected data on postmortem referrals to GeneDx, LLC for PMGT. Orders were reviewed and stratified based on provider, specimen type, and tests ordered.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This cohort included 601 deceased individuals referred for PMGT with a total of 673 genetic tests ordered from 247 different providers. The most common test categories ordered were arrhythmia (33.4%) and cardiomyopathy (29.3%). A likely pathogenic or pathogenic genetic variant was identified in approximately 15% of patients. Blood in EDTA was received for 21.6% of patients with a 95% success rate for completion of all test components. Blood samples in EDTA were most successful in completing PMGT, but sequencing was still successful in the majority of suboptimal specimens.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of PMGT is increasing. Obtaining optimal samples (blood in EDTA) is important for successful completion of genetic testing. Obstacles may still exist for obtaining and storing ideal specimens. Continued efforts are needed for education and awareness around appropriate specimen types, storage and shipping of specimens, DNA banking, and overall availability of PMGT. In addition, access to resources such as supplies, proper storage conditions, DNA banking, and PMGT will allow for more opportunities to complete testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":36813,"journal":{"name":"Academic Forensic Pathology","volume":"12 4","pages":"129-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9761240/pdf/10.1177_19253621221124800.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10418927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Sheriff-Coroners Underreport Officer-Involved Homicides?","authors":"María J Prados, Thomas Baker, Audrey N Beck, D Brian Burghart, Richard R Johnson, David Klinger, Kyla Thomas, Brian Karl Finch","doi":"10.1177/19253621221142473","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19253621221142473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In the United States, each state sets its own standards for its death investigation system. These may require independent medical examiners and coroners or allow for the sheriff to assume the role of coroner. Motivated by the well-established fact that counts of officer-involved homicides in official data sets grossly undercount the number of these incidents, we examine the possibility that different death investigation systems may lead to different death classification outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To examine the potential differences in officer-involved homicide underreporting by presence of sheriff-coroner and violent death type (gunshot, intentional use of force, pursuit, or other vehicle accident), we compare ratios of incidents from both the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Supplementary Homicide Reports and the restricted Multiple-Cause of Death files from the National Vital Statistics System to the Fatal Encounters data across coroner contexts in California between 2000 and 2018; we quantify differences descriptively and examine bivariate tests of means.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We find significantly greater underreporting of officer-involved deaths in sheriff-coroner counties in both official data sets for all incidents compared with non-sheriff-coroner counties, independently of the period considered. These underreporting differences in the National Vital Statistics System are robust to restricting to gunshot and intentional use of force deaths, the type of incident expected to be less prone to misclassification in that data set.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Officer-involved death underreporting in sheriff-coroner counties necessitates further scrutiny. Disparities in officer-involved death reporting suggest political pressure may play a role in classifying deaths.</p>","PeriodicalId":36813,"journal":{"name":"Academic Forensic Pathology","volume":"12 4","pages":"140-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9761243/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9194847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visceral Microscopic Pattern From Suicidal Ingestion of Professional Lysoform® With Delayed Death.","authors":"Stefano Tambuzzi,&nbsp;Guendalina Gentile,&nbsp;Salvatore Andreola,&nbsp;Arnaldo Stanislao Migliorini,&nbsp;Riccardo Zoja","doi":"10.1177/19253621221119081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19253621221119081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lysoform® in the formulation of professional detergent is widely used in several fields, whereas its suicidal ingestion is an unusual occurrence. Therefore, the biological signs of this fatal poisoning remain unclear and elusive, similarly to the histological lesions induced by its main constituent, which is benzalkonium chloride (BZK). Furthermore, since all the deaths that has been reported in the literature occurred immediately, microscopic pictures of BZK lethal toxicity in subjects with prolonged survival have never been reported to date. Specifically, this brief communication reports the unique case of a woman who ingested professional Lysoform® to commit suicide, for which she died two weeks later. The autopsy examination showed either local or systemic signs of caustic ingestion; moreover, the histological analysis showed clear cellular damage of lungs, heart, and kidneys. In our case, toxicological investigations were not authorized as they were no longer considered significant. In this framework, the histological examination has therefore assumed a fundamental role in investigating and demonstrating the lethal effects caused by the systemic dissemination of BZK, which would otherwise no longer be investigable. Therefore, in cases of substance intoxication with prolonged survival where forensic toxicological investigations may be no longer possible or feasible, the histological examination may be the only resource to successfully observe and demonstrate its lethal effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":36813,"journal":{"name":"Academic Forensic Pathology","volume":"12 3","pages":"118-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9459401/pdf/10.1177_19253621221119081.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9983342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatal Hemorrhagic Complications of Disseminated Adenovirus Infection.","authors":"Tracy S Halvorson,&nbsp;Timothy N Maxwell,&nbsp;Joseph M Laakman,&nbsp;Marina Ivanovic","doi":"10.1177/19253621221113190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19253621221113190","url":null,"abstract":"Authors Tracy S. Halvorson MD, Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics Roles: A, C, E, 1—Performed the autopsy examination, wrote the manuscript. Timothy N. Maxwell MD, Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics Roles: C—Wrote the manuscript. Joseph M. Laakman MD, Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics Roles: A, C—Performed the autopsy examination, wrote the manuscript. Marina Ivanovic MD, Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics Roles: D, 4—Reviewed and edited the manuscript.","PeriodicalId":36813,"journal":{"name":"Academic Forensic Pathology","volume":"12 3","pages":"112-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9459397/pdf/10.1177_19253621221113190.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9851037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIPAA and Access to Medical Information by Medical Examiner and Coroner Offices.","authors":"Victor W Weedn","doi":"10.1177/19253621221102039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19253621221102039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Often, medical staff and sometimes their attorneys mistakenly believe that HIPAA prevents disclosure of medical records to medical examiner and coroner offices. Medical examiner and coroner government offices are not covered entities. Moreover, HIPAA specifically allows disclosure to law enforcement, public health, and medical examiner and coroners. However, state and Joint Commission requirements may further impact disclosures.</p>","PeriodicalId":36813,"journal":{"name":"Academic Forensic Pathology","volume":"12 3","pages":"83-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9459398/pdf/10.1177_19253621221102039.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9697643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cluster of Five Deaths Due to Methanol Toxicity After Apparent Hand Sanitizer Ingestion in the Setting of Chronic Alcoholism.","authors":"Nicolas P Krebs,&nbsp;Lawrence Czarnecki","doi":"10.1177/19253621221108622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19253621221108622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Methanol toxicity and its associated pathologies have been widely studied, however, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increase in methanol toxicity due to apparent consumption of contaminated hand sanitizer. We report a cluster of five deaths and one presumed death due to the apparent consumption of hand sanitizer, contaminated with methanol, in the setting of chronic alcoholism. The deaths occurred in Coconino County, Arizona, over a four-and-a-half-month period (June-October 2020), before and during a Food and Drug Administration recall of contaminated hand sanitizer. Methanol-related deaths are relatively uncommon in Coconino County, with only one methanol associated death (source of ingestion unknown) occurring over the previous five years.</p>","PeriodicalId":36813,"journal":{"name":"Academic Forensic Pathology","volume":"12 3","pages":"90-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9459400/pdf/10.1177_19253621221108622.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9768504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on Victims of Intimate Partner Violence Reported to Colombo North Teaching Hospital, Sri Lanka During 2019-2021.","authors":"Thanushan Muthulingam,&nbsp;Patikirige Anuruddhi Samanthika Edirisinghe,&nbsp;Handun Pathirannehelage Wijewardhane,&nbsp;Yalini Thivaharan,&nbsp;Mudiyanselage Maleesha Sawaneeth Jayasundara,&nbsp;Nirmal Borukgama,&nbsp;Deshan Lakshitha Kulathunga,&nbsp;Dula Nuwanthi Alwis,&nbsp;Pawanthi Samudini Govinnage,&nbsp;Indira Deepthi Gamage Kitulwatte","doi":"10.1177/19253621221119074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19253621221119074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a common issue in any society and the reported cases are just the tip of an iceberg as most of the victims are reluctant to come to the criminal justice system. Forensic experts are often encountering the victims who chose to seek justice. Evaluation of the nature, consequences, and underlying factors are needed in planning preventive measures.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe the patterns and associated factors of IPV among victims who reported to Office of the Judicial Medical Officer of Colombo North Teaching Hospital and to specifically describe the patterns prior and during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective descriptive study based on 471 medicolegal records of the victims who had undergone medicolegal examination following IPV during last two years (March 2019 to February 2021).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 471, 206 cases were reported prepandemic and 265 reported postpandemic periods. Even though majority were females there were 21 males. Types of abuse were complex and often interrelated. There were 463 who had experienced physical injuries while there were 20 who had been subjected to sexual violence. Face was the commonest target of assault (63%). Substance abuse was identified as the commonest predisposing factor (56%). Even though repeated abuse was common, 42.5% of the victims had never made any complaints to the police. Despite multiple complains, 39.7% had experienced repeated violence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Victims of IPV are silently suffering for many long years. Failure in the response from authorities was identified. COVID-19 pandemic has become an additional risk factor for IPV. Strengthening of legal and social responses is the need of the hour.</p>","PeriodicalId":36813,"journal":{"name":"Academic Forensic Pathology","volume":"12 3","pages":"95-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9459399/pdf/10.1177_19253621221119074.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10059734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postmortem Imaging of an Unusual Case of Fatal Heart and Lung Perforation Due to Self-Treatment.","authors":"Zabiullah Ali,&nbsp;Nikki Mourtzinos","doi":"10.1177/19253621221102045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19253621221102045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intentional or accidental cardiothoracic injuries caused by needles and pins are rare and commonly reported in individuals with psychiatric conditions or intravenous drug users. Although rare, these cases could result in serious injury during the performance of an autopsy and highlight the importance of post-mortem radiology. Therapeutic complications with cardiac perforation have been reported due to pericardiocentesis and acupuncture. The majority of reported cases were not fatal and some had a prolonged asymptomatic period of weeks or even years after insertion. Needles or other sharp objects can reach the cardiovascular system directly through the chest wall, indirectly from any segment of the gastrointestinal tract after swallowing needles, or through migration of broken needles from distant injection sites in intravenous drug users. We report a case of rapidly fatal cardiopulmonary injuries following \"self-treatment\" to \"pop\" a cyst with a piercing needle. The scene, autopsy, computed tomography, and digital x-ray findings of this unique case are discussed with a review of selective literature. In this case, the right lung and heart showed multiple perforations, possibly resulting from heartbeats or respirations pushing the organs against the needle. To our knowledge, perforations in this setting of \"self-treatment\" have not been previously reported in the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":36813,"journal":{"name":"Academic Forensic Pathology","volume":"12 2","pages":"75-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9254013/pdf/10.1177_19253621221102045.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9968893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}