{"title":"涉及4-哌醋氟乙基(4F-EPH)的首例死亡:病例报告、用户体验和相关文献综述","authors":"John Martin Corkery, Fabrizio Schifano","doi":"10.1177/19253621221142480","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>4-Fluoroethylphenidate (4F-EPH) is a psychoactive substance, sold primarily over the Internet as a `research chemical'. Recreational and `functional' use of this drug has been reported by online user fora. Scientifically-based data on the pharmacological, physiological, psychopharmacological, toxicological, and epidemiological characteristics of this molecule is non-existent. The aim of this paper is to remedy this situation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Recent literature (including 'grey') was searched to update what is known about 4F-EPH, especially its toxicity. This was supplemented by netnographic examinations of internet sites.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The resultant information is presented, including details of the first reported death involving 4F-EPH use in 2016. There are no international controls imposed on 4F-EPH. However, it has been made a controlled drug in several European countries, including the United Kingdom since 31 May 2017, as well as Canada.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It is vital that any other cases, including non-fatal overdoses, are documented so that a firmer scientific evidence-base can be established for this molecule. This will then help inform clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":36813,"journal":{"name":"Academic Forensic Pathology","volume":"12 4","pages":"149-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9761242/pdf/","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"First Death Involving 4-Fluoroethylphenidate (4F-EPH): Case Report, User Experiences, and Review of the Related Literature.\",\"authors\":\"John Martin Corkery, Fabrizio Schifano\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/19253621221142480\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>4-Fluoroethylphenidate (4F-EPH) is a psychoactive substance, sold primarily over the Internet as a `research chemical'. Recreational and `functional' use of this drug has been reported by online user fora. Scientifically-based data on the pharmacological, physiological, psychopharmacological, toxicological, and epidemiological characteristics of this molecule is non-existent. The aim of this paper is to remedy this situation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Recent literature (including 'grey') was searched to update what is known about 4F-EPH, especially its toxicity. This was supplemented by netnographic examinations of internet sites.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The resultant information is presented, including details of the first reported death involving 4F-EPH use in 2016. There are no international controls imposed on 4F-EPH. However, it has been made a controlled drug in several European countries, including the United Kingdom since 31 May 2017, as well as Canada.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It is vital that any other cases, including non-fatal overdoses, are documented so that a firmer scientific evidence-base can be established for this molecule. This will then help inform clinical practice.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":36813,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Academic Forensic Pathology\",\"volume\":\"12 4\",\"pages\":\"149-166\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2022-12-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9761242/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"1\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Academic Forensic Pathology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/19253621221142480\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"Medicine\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Academic Forensic Pathology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19253621221142480","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"Medicine","Score":null,"Total":0}
First Death Involving 4-Fluoroethylphenidate (4F-EPH): Case Report, User Experiences, and Review of the Related Literature.
Background: 4-Fluoroethylphenidate (4F-EPH) is a psychoactive substance, sold primarily over the Internet as a `research chemical'. Recreational and `functional' use of this drug has been reported by online user fora. Scientifically-based data on the pharmacological, physiological, psychopharmacological, toxicological, and epidemiological characteristics of this molecule is non-existent. The aim of this paper is to remedy this situation.
Methods: Recent literature (including 'grey') was searched to update what is known about 4F-EPH, especially its toxicity. This was supplemented by netnographic examinations of internet sites.
Results: The resultant information is presented, including details of the first reported death involving 4F-EPH use in 2016. There are no international controls imposed on 4F-EPH. However, it has been made a controlled drug in several European countries, including the United Kingdom since 31 May 2017, as well as Canada.
Conclusions: It is vital that any other cases, including non-fatal overdoses, are documented so that a firmer scientific evidence-base can be established for this molecule. This will then help inform clinical practice.
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