Kritika i Semiotika最新文献

{"title":"“Russian” and “Soviet” Plot in the Literary Works of Yoko Tavada","authors":"T. Simyan","doi":"10.25205/2307-1737-2021-1-364-382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2021-1-364-382","url":null,"abstract":"In the article the concepts-signified as “Russian” and “Soviet” expressed in the works of the German-Japanese writer Yoko Tavada (born 1960) are touched upon. The concepts signified as “Soviet” and “Russian” do encompass everything that is connected with Russian culture, literature and the Soviet Union. The empirical material for the given depiction were the essay and novel by Tavada “Suspicious passengers of your night trains” (2002, 2009). Based on the example of this novel the attitude of the younger generation of the socialist countries of late 1980s to the Russian language is revealed. The transition of the socialist bloc (Yugoslavia) is described on the example of clothes (jeans, aluminum fork, and pizza), the younger generation (good manners vs. bad manners), and language skills (English vs. Russian). The heroine’s journey along the Trans-Siberian Railway (Moscow – Irkutsk – Khabarovsk) enabled the author to reveal the micro-historical realities of the last decade of the Soviet era. The plot of the novel showed that in the last decades of the Soviet era there was already a “nostalgia” for household goods, the style of clothing and music, and Western pop culture (Jimi Hendrix, Elvis Presley). During the contact with the main character, the Russian soul (benevolence, openness, hospitality) and low standards of eco-awareness and disrespect for non-smokers in public transport (train) are revealed. The Soviet era is also confessed at the level of smell and food (garlic, cheap cigarettes, onions, black bread, porridge, soup butter drips, vodka, etc.). In the course of the narrative and communication with the surrounding people the Siberian “real” world is indicated, i.e. the poverty of the interior of the Siberian villages of the Soviet era. In the course of describing the Siberian expanse its natural and climatic constants such as cold, snow, bathhouse and birch, the latter as a symbol of all of Russia with its mythological stratum, were presented. The attributive cycle of the Siberian natural-climatic and “material” world is completed by the theme of androgyny opened up in the Siberian bathhouse, which is a space for identifying all types of physical things, that is, of female and male in woman and man.","PeriodicalId":36800,"journal":{"name":"Kritika i Semiotika","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69316769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Child in Time. Autobiographic Battles of Vladimir Nabokov","authors":"S. Avanesov","doi":"10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-337-363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-337-363","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to the analysis of autobiography as a form of anthropological practice of yourself. The autobiography of Vladimir Nabokov’s “Other Shores” has been investigated from this perspective in connection with his other works. The philosophical side of Nabokov’s memoirs is considered here. This made it possible to formulate the main problems of the writer’s autobiographical work: the ratio of memory and imagination when plotting, the difference between fact and event in the structure of memory, the degree of individual freedom from coercion of objective historical circumstances, the possibility of discerning the meaning of one’s own biography long before the end of physical life. As a result of the study, Nabokov’s autobiography is characterized as a struggle against time for personal immortality. In this struggle, the writer is not so much expressing as creating yourself. He takes an active position in the act of remembrance, directing memory into the mainstream of the search for the meaning of his past, starting from early childhood. A person who remembers himself gets the opportunity to break out of the linear course of time, to distinguish repetitions in the past and read them as signs of his biography. Finally, reconfiguring biographic optics allows the author to come to a point of view from which he, through ordinary objects, begins to see not only the past and the future in their mutual transition, but also eternity. Thus, the writer avoids the main threat hanging over the mortal creature – the prospect of its annihilation.","PeriodicalId":36800,"journal":{"name":"Kritika i Semiotika","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69314414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Popular Science Topics of the Soviet Magazine Technique for Youth in the Ideological Aspect","authors":"I. V. Silantev","doi":"10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-441-448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-441-448","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the popular science theme of the Soviet journal “Technique for Youth” in an ideological aspect. The magazine is one of the significant cultural constants of the Russian popular science periodicals and originates in 1933, goes through the difficult history of the Soviet era, goes through no less difficult periods of the formation of post-Soviet Russian society and is being published steadily at present. For many generations of Soviet youth, the magazine became the first serious school for familiarizing with the engineering world, introduced the latest in scientific and technological progress, taught high school students to dream and see themselves in the world of science and invention. At the same time, the Soviet period in the history of the journal is inextricably linked with its functioning as part of a total ideological discourse in aspects of directed propaganda work with young generations. To reveal the features of the ideological design of popular science topics on the pages of the journal, his issues for 1971 were selected. The beginning of the 1970s in Soviet history is associated with the time of the progressive scientific, technical and institutional development of the USSR, which has not yet passed into the controversial era of stagnation of the 1980s. Almost all articles and materials of the journal of this time are more or less penetrated by historical optimism.","PeriodicalId":36800,"journal":{"name":"Kritika i Semiotika","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69314788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotions in Kazym Khanty Ritual Bear Songs","authors":"A. Grinevich","doi":"10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-220-236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-220-236","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes emotional code of Kazym Khanty ritual bear songs. Psychologism and emotionality don’t enter archaic folklore. However if emotions are presents in a texts, its description is very accurate and physiological. The emotional code intersects with a body code. The description of emotions depends on genre. The largest number of emotives and descriptive expressions of emotions we found in songs performed on behalf of the bear kaiqәŋ ar. Emotions play plot-forming function in two songs of this genre “Winter sleeping beast” and “Down descending song”. It demonstrates motivational aspect in the emotion functioning. The most frequent emotions are fear and anger. Their descriptions are most diverse and frequent.","PeriodicalId":36800,"journal":{"name":"Kritika i Semiotika","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69313734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Concept of Body and Soul in the Old English Tradition","authors":"A. Proskurina","doi":"10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-237-255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-237-255","url":null,"abstract":"The author examines the 10 th century ancient English poem Soul and Body through the prism of the soul, spirit and body in the Old English tradition, which has survived in two versions. The first, which was part of the poetry book Exeter Book, is a short version of the conversion of the unfortunate soul to the flesh. The second version is an expanded version of the poem, listed in the Vercelli Book along with Christian sermons and poems, also represents the con- version of the tormented soul to the flesh, as well as a monologue of the saved soul. However, unfortunately, the speech of the redeemed soul was not fully preserved due to damage to the Vercelli Book collection. This article provides an author's translation of the second version of the poem. The article focuses on the dualism of René Descartes. Thus, an extended version of the Old English poem Soul and Body precedes the dualism of René Descartes, whose main ideas are the duality of the ideal and the material, the independence of the soul and body. The philosophy of René Descartes is to accept a common source – God as the creator who forms these two independent principles that we find in this poem. The spirit, as shown in the work, is the divine principle in man, created in the image and likeness of God, and appears as the highest part of the soul, and the soul, in turn, is the immortal spiritual principle. In the framework of the Judeo- Christian culture, a central doctrine of the presence of the soul arose, suggesting the elevation of man over all other living beings due to the presence of it. According to religious ideology, a person’s position in the dolly and mountain worlds directly depends on the purity of the believer’s soul, on his refusal from sinful thoughts and deeds. As soon as the Judeo-Christian teaching is fixed as the main religion, a person endowed with a soul is considered as the only ration- al creature created in the image and likeness of God. The existence of the soul is not limited only to the Judeo-Christian idea of the world around us, for example, the Quran also contains the idea of the unity of man and soul, and, undoubtedly, the soul of a righteous Muslim ascends to heaven after death.","PeriodicalId":36800,"journal":{"name":"Kritika i Semiotika","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69313936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Media in Linguistic and Stylistic Coverage","authors":"O. Orlova","doi":"10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-413-426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-413-426","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the theoretical substantiation of the methodological crisis of modern stylistics concerning the language of new media. The key factors and contradictions that explain the explanatory reduction of the theories of linguistic and stylistic norms as a single reference model for the selection and organization of linguistic means and literary language as the highest form of linguistic existence are revealed. The transition from national vertical conventionality in speech and norm-making to horizontal conventionality, conventionality of Internet communities, is stimulated by the liberation of authorship (the possibility and reality of introducing an unlimited range of language personalities to free public textual activity) in new media, as well as the change of the constructive principle of social communication in the Internet media sphere as a whole from hierarchical to network, heterarchic. The definition of new media as any information and communication resources of the Internet with the qualities of public distribution and free communication of users in the form of receptive and productive textual activity is proposed as one of the topical for stylistics.","PeriodicalId":36800,"journal":{"name":"Kritika i Semiotika","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69314196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"About the Problem of Exposure of Author’s Coding Methods in Works of V. M. Shukshin","authors":"V. Vasiliev","doi":"10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-364-379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-364-379","url":null,"abstract":"The unicity of Shukshin’s oeuvre is that from the middle of 1960s when he is consciously seeking for and invents coding tools of his creations. The author himself has pointed out some methods of «code» creation. He pays attention to the “change of emphasis”, “hints”, “nuances”, things which are said at a glance, cursorily, on parts of text which appear to be secondary. The actual problems, questions, node of the conflict and the conflict itself can be described by Shukshin in one creation, but the extension, comments, answers or the variant of the pay-off are described in another one, which is published many years after. That is why there are a lot of double characters, double episodes, story- lines, which stand in the inter decoding position. So everything that is about author’s code should be considered as the main thing as the author directed to us. The aim of such art strategy is to tell the truth about the time, to state the hate and revolt. This article is about the methods, which Shukshin used, while coding the novels “Director”, “Rhetorical device” and “Order”, and also about clearing up the point of this code.","PeriodicalId":36800,"journal":{"name":"Kritika i Semiotika","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69314458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abo Tbileli. Arabic Perfumer – St. Protector of Tiflis","authors":"Yervand Margaryan","doi":"10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-286-301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-286-301","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides a semiotic analysis of the modern Georgian Orthodox icon depicting the Georgian Saint, the patron Saint of the city of Abo Tbileli. A Georgian Saint of Arab origin is depicted standing on the Metekh bridge against the background of the city itself. Every detail in the icon has a symbolic meaning and is subject to semiotic analysis. This applies to the Georgian cross in the hands of St. great Martyr, the Golden halo above his head, his robe (turban, chiton and himatiy), the landscape (river, mountains and gardens) and the city itself and its buildings (churches, towers, bridge), the sky above his head. The features of the iconographic style are considered. The main source is the hagiographic work of the medieval Georgian author Ioane Sabanisdze “Martyrdom of Abo”.","PeriodicalId":36800,"journal":{"name":"Kritika i Semiotika","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69314099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Basic Color Terms in Khanty","authors":"N. B. Koshkareva","doi":"10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-152-166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-152-166","url":null,"abstract":"The Khanty language contains the minimum number of words ‒ color terms. For “black”, the word “pity” is used, presumably related to the single root “pătlam” “dark”, for “white” ‒ the word “nŏvi”, meaning also “light”, “moon”, for “red” ‒ the word “wŭrty” (from “wŭr” ‘blood’). One word “wŏsty” is used for the undifferentiated designation of shades of the yellow- green-blue spectrum. Currently, the differentiation of color terms is achieved by using phrases with the base word, which is a comparison standard (“blue as the sky”, “green as the grass”, etc.).","PeriodicalId":36800,"journal":{"name":"Kritika i Semiotika","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69313574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meaning and Linguistic Sign in System Theory of Niklas Luhmann","authors":"S. Zolyan","doi":"10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-34-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-34-51","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of meaning and communication is the core of the sociological conception of Niklas Luhmann. As he claims, “Meaning is co-present as a reference to the world in everything that is actualized... Society is a meaning constituting system” (Luhmann Niklas. Theory of Society. Stanford University Press, 2012, vol. 1). He considers the issue of a correlation of meaning with other concepts of his theory of social in almost all of his works. Obviously, on this occasion the linguistic issues also became matters of consideration. Language, however, is associated by Luhmann not so much with the production of meaning as with communication. The concept of a linguistic sign as some fixed connection between the signified and the signifier is transformed by Luhmann into a dynamic operation of juxtaposing communicative and cognitive characteristics, as a medium between cognition and communication.","PeriodicalId":36800,"journal":{"name":"Kritika i Semiotika","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69314427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}