Kritika i Semiotika最新文献

{"title":"Vyacheslav Vsevolodovich Ivanov about Semiotics, Languages of the Brain and History of Ideas","authors":"E. Velmezova, K. Kull","doi":"10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-9-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-9-33","url":null,"abstract":"The interviews with one of the founders of the Moscow-Tartu school, Vyacheslav Vsevolodovich Ivanov (1929–2017) from August 2010 and from October 2012, describe V. V. Ivanov’s opinions on several scholars (Evgenij Polivanov, Mikhail Bakhtin, Andrej Kolmogorov, Nikolaj Marr etc.) and their work, on his relationships with his father Vsevolod Ivanov, as well as V. V. Ivanov’s views on the past and future of sciences, with some emphasis on neurosemiotics, zoosemiotics, semiotics of culture, cybernetics, history of linguistics, study and protection of small languages. The first interview also deals with V. V. Ivanov’s book Even and Odd; the second interview discusses the key notions of semiotics: sign, the very definition of semiotics, its connections with other disciplines, as well as V. V. Ivanov’s main achievements in the field of semiotics.","PeriodicalId":36800,"journal":{"name":"Kritika i Semiotika","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69314551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semiotic Limitations in the Modernization of Old Translations of the Bible","authors":"H. Duda","doi":"10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-52-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-52-69","url":null,"abstract":"The most important translations of the Bible into Polish, i.e. the Catholic Jakub Wujek Bible (1599) and the Protestant Gdańsk Bible (1632) were written at the end of the reformation period and were renewed and used in catholic churches and protestant communities until the first half of the 20 th century. The reprints were systematically updated. In the 20 th century the need to translate again the Holy Scripture into Polish was recognized. There were a few attempts at that in the second half of the previous century. They were always accompanied by heated debates which referred to the need of new translations as well the ways translators adopted to render in Polish selected books, sentences or even words. A religious text functions in a specific system of a higher level, i.e. religion. Religion is understood here as a culture text according to the Tartu-Moscow Semiotic School. Owing to this interpretation, religion has its own language built onto natural language. Text in natural language constitutes only a fragment of a bigger sign entity. To put it most simply, since a natural text is a subcomponent of a semiotic religious text, any change introduced in the former disrupts the coherence of cultural meaning on a higher level. Because of “a secondary modeling system” (a term coined by Yuri M. Lotman) the language of religious texts is always a bit archaic. This very modeling system prevents the propellers of modernization from a more thorough linguistic update of old biblical translations in Poland and, more often than not, does not let translators depart too far from the translation tradition.","PeriodicalId":36800,"journal":{"name":"Kritika i Semiotika","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69314906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Russian Judicial Discourse in the Light of the Modern Theory of Argumentation","authors":"Yu. V. Shatin, I. V. Silantev","doi":"10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-401-412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-401-412","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the main methods of argumentation in the judicial discourse of two large Russian lawyers of the second half of the 19 th century – A. F. Koni and F. N. Plevako for compliance with the argumentative scheme developed by the Cambridge School (D. Walton and others). The authors believe that, without any reliable theoretical support in connection with the decline of traditional rhetoric, the best jurists intuitively discovered the outlines that later laid the foundation for Ch. Perelman’s rhetoric. First of all, it was a question of quasi-logical arguments and arguments with which either reality is constructed or the subjective position of the person involved in the rhetorical process is affirmed.","PeriodicalId":36800,"journal":{"name":"Kritika i Semiotika","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69314142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Cabbage Soup, Mutton Side, Pancakes and Other Culinary Dishes in the Gogol’s Poem “Dead Souls”: ...fortitude of the Russian stomach","authors":"A. E. Bochkarev","doi":"10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-302-314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-302-314","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the recurring food imagery in the Gogol’s poem “Dead Souls”. More specifically, the publication defines these images in terms of evaluative criteria according to the dish properties given in form of sensations, performed actions, and opinions expressed by the subject of evaluation. At the same time, the dishes depicted in the novel do more than describe some subjective taste experiences, or Russian cooking in the specified period of time. It is also a panegyric to the Russian appetite and stomach, symbolically reinterpreted – in addition to their physical interpretation – as a symbolic equivalent of the endless possibilities for transforming the world by the “gentlemen of the middling sort”.","PeriodicalId":36800,"journal":{"name":"Kritika i Semiotika","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69314363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Written Texts in Unwritten Languages as a Sociolinguistic Phenome- non (On the Material of the Chalkan and Alyutor Languages)","authors":"T. A. Golovaneva, N. Fedina","doi":"10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-167-190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-167-190","url":null,"abstract":"The Chalkan and Alyutor languages are not related, however their current conditions are simlar, meaning that they exist in comparable sociolin- guistic environments of uneven bi- and triligualism. The writing systems of the- se unwritten languages are still being developed, which is being further compli- cated by the influence of the writing norms of the dominant languages. The handwritten and published materials in Chalkan and Alyutor demonstrate the variety in graphic forms of national texts. The choice of graphemes for the spe- cific sounds of national speech is also a major issue. For the Alyutor writing system, the graphic representations of the super-short vowel [ә], the fricative [ɣ], the glottal stop [ʔ] and the epiglottal stop [ʕ] have not yet been developed. In the following article, we present the analysis of three versions of Alyutor writing systems developed by native Alyutor speakers M. I. Popov, M. V. Nu- tayulgin, A. A. Sorokin. The problem of graphic variety of the written form of the Chalkan languages stems from the following two reasons: the absence of graphemes for specific Chalkan sounds ғ [ɣі], җ [ʒ”], қ [q], њ [n’] and the in- fluence of the Standard Altai orthographic norms.","PeriodicalId":36800,"journal":{"name":"Kritika i Semiotika","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69313607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“To the Man and the Horse – Perdition”: The Semiotics of Corporeali- ty in Vasily Belov’s Short Story “For Carriage”","authors":"A. I. Kulyapin","doi":"10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-380-387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-380-387","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the semiotics of bodily deformations of the heroes of the story by Vasily Belov “For Carriage”. All male characters of the story are endowed with physical inferiority. The main character of the story, Senka Gruzdev, lost his right hand fingers in the war, and once in his youth, he licked an ax brought from the cold and left a half-tongue on that ax. Senka’s irreconcilable enemy – the brigadier Ilyukha – is one-eyed. As a result, a triad conceptually significant for the author arises: armless – tongueless – eyeless. The defective corporeality of the heroes is correlated with their defective spirituality, semi-faith. Belov very persistently and consistently draws parallels between people and animals in the text. In the story there are two representatives of the animal world with an indefinite gender identity: a rooster that has lost its crest and a horse Sparrow – half stallion half gelding. The masculine dignity of the main character of the story Senka Gruzdev is also metaphorically halved. Senka Gruzdev fails when he tries to demonstrate one hundred percent manifestation of masculinity. Senka usually speaks about himself in the third person. Psychologists and linguists noted that self-name from a third person is peculiar primarily to the speech of young children, as well as to adults who enter into communication with them. Senka was clearly stuck at the infantile stage of development; he does not have a sense of self as a full-fledged personality. The figure of Senka Gruzdeva is typical of the artistic world of Vasily Belov. The most famous hero of the writer is Ivan Afrikanovich from the story “A Habitual Affair” “himself sometimes as a small child”.","PeriodicalId":36800,"journal":{"name":"Kritika i Semiotika","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69314501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corpora with Special Markup for Studying Concept Statistics","authors":"Jinfeng Lin, D. M. Semyonova, S. L. Pushchin, T. G. Petrov, M. N. Babariko, Sergey Viktorovich Chebanov","doi":"10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-87-113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-87-113","url":null,"abstract":"Изучение статистики концептов предполагает работу с размеченными корпусами. В принципе, такая разметка может быть только ручной на основе экспертных оценок с привлечением нескольких экспертов. Однако в ряде случаев такая возможность исключена, и разметка делается одним разметчиком – автором исследования. Экспликация принципов разметки и воспроизводимые количественные закономерности (покрытие 80 % использования концептов 7 ± 2 из них), полученные на материале русского, китайского, французского, английского языков семью разметчиками (6 русскими и 1 китаянкой, 6 девушками и 1 юношей), дают основание считать такую разметку удовлетворительной.","PeriodicalId":36800,"journal":{"name":"Kritika i Semiotika","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69314972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lexical and Grammatical Environment and Its Influence on the Noun Case Form in Russian Language","authors":"I. E. Kim","doi":"10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-129-151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-129-151","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to a new phenomenon in modern Russian language. Earlier, a native speaker of Russian chose a noun case form depending on the “requirements” of the grammatically dominant word. Nowadays, more and more often, a native speaker chooses a noun case taking into account the influence of several words included in its lexical and grammatical environment. The article discusses in detail all the potential elements of the lexical and grammatical environment of a noun that can influence on the choice of its case form, and provides facts of their consolidated or contradictory influence, which creates a choice problem. The lexical and grammatical environment of a noun potentially includes a controlling word, homogeneous terms of a sentence and generalizing word for them, a preposition that can be combined with several case forms, an adjective, participle or number dependent on the noun, as well as other nouns nearby. Each of the elements of the environment influences the choice of case in its own way, so the speaker often chooses a case form incorrectly. The phenomenon illustrates the antinomy of language: 1) being singled out as part of a syntagm, a linguistic expression seeks to expand its existence at the expense of other linguistic expressions; 2) being singled out as part of a syntagm, a linguistic expression is subjected to pressure from neighboring linguistic expressions.","PeriodicalId":36800,"journal":{"name":"Kritika i Semiotika","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69313564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creolized Texts of Old Tiflis (On the Example of Pirosmani, Elibekyan, Ayvazyan)","authors":"T. Simyan","doi":"10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-256-285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-256-285","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the visual and speech genres of Old Tiflis, which are revealed in the visual and verbal texts of famous artists N. Pirosmani, V. Elibekyan and Armenian writer A. Ayvazyan. The carnival spirit of Old Tiflis influenced the visual and verbal signs of the gastronomic infrastructure. The article is written by a semiotic, typological method, as well as an interdiscursive approach (painting, fiction). In addition, Bakhtin’s theory has become a metalanguage for identifying speech genres of urban space. An empirical analysis of the material showed that Pirosmani's paintings were a vivid example of visual advertising and, in fact, were multichannel creolized texts. Only later, when the symbolic capital of Pirosmani increased, his paint- ings began to be perceived as glowing examples of primitivism. In other words, they were “connected” to global discourse, and their primary function was for- gotten. In the main function of the signage, the paintings were the products of demand of the gastronomic infrastructure of Old Tiflis: they depicted the frames “food”, “feast”, they were also visual menus of Tiflis gastropubs (dukhans). The utilitarian demand for signs generated the brilliant paintings of Pirosmani, and at the same time, he became the author of urban space. This phenomenon is also affected in the literary discourse (A. Ayvazyan), in which two methods of modeling urban space are manifested. Firstly, the city is mod- eled in consciousness, expressed at the level of the signified (maps, sketches), and then embodied in life. That is how many cities of historical Armenia were built in diachronic point of view. Secondly, the painter (Pirosmani, Grigor – the hero of the story of Ayvazyan) painted and created in the city space (interior, exterior). The motives of his work were his own inner experiences. The multilingualism of urban space created a demand for advertising signs in different languages. Since the “social bottom” did not possess the linguistic norm of the Russian language, in the eyes of native speakers the urban texts seemed ridiculous, perceived with humor. Similar texts are found in various artists of Old Tiflis (Pirosmani, Gudiashvili, Elibekyan ect.). The same thing appears in the art discourse (Ayvazyan), which gives examples of playing with names, with language (toasts of fun and burial), etc. In addition, an analysis of such a speech genre as toast revealed that it incorporates proverbs, sayings, and in the thematic plan, the following manifestations can be called: spell-wish, wish-curse, wish-criticism, etc. The presence of a similar speech genre and the revealing of the functioning of the toast showed that eating was comprehended by different wishes, and the thematic and syntagmatic analysis of toasts can become a tool for reconstructing the axiological system of Old Tiflis society (homeland, city, parents, children, sisters and brothers, uncles and aunts, etc.).","PeriodicalId":36800,"journal":{"name":"Kritika i Semiotika","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69314029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Gameplay: Translation, Definition and Analyses of Structure","authors":"I. Kudryashov","doi":"10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-427-440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-427-440","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes the detailed research of difficulties with the term «gameplay» which plays an important role in game studies. This term is not easy to translate because of several reasons and it makes difficult to define it. Our research of this reasons allow us to criticize some of the previous translations and definitions. Translation of the gameplay as a gaming process or playability cannot used as valid approach, instead of them we claim interpretation of gameplay as an organization of game’s components. After this we suggest a new one, based on videogame`s main element (rules and confines). Consideration of the gameplay’s and game`s elements lead us to conclusion about two processes forming gameplay: one of them aimed on playability of this videogame, another – on the interesting of the fictional world of the game or its element. In conclusion we present several examples of usage of these concepts to understand some aspects of reception and design of videogames.","PeriodicalId":36800,"journal":{"name":"Kritika i Semiotika","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69314297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}