Kritika i Semiotika最新文献

{"title":"Number and Letter: The Intersection between the Ideographic and Phonographic Subsystems of Russian Graphics","authors":"Igor E. Kim","doi":"10.25205/2307-1737-2022-2-114-127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2022-2-114-127","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the interaction of elements of Russian digital and alphabetic subsystems in the text space. The interaction appears in two forms: 1) alternative use of digital and alphabetic number notations; 2) juxtaposition of the digital and alphabetic parts of the number notation or quantitative group (a number and a noun) as well as its derivative. The juxtaposition uses three graphic means: merged spelling, connecting with a hyphen and separate writing. It turned out that the use of these means does not depend on whether the numeral or quantitative group is spelled together of separately. This shows the specificity of how Russian native speakers perceive the number as a potentially composite unit consisting of several digits. Such type of number is simultaneously conceived as a unity and as a set of separate quantities.","PeriodicalId":36800,"journal":{"name":"Kritika i Semiotika","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69316731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Old Irish Saga”: In Search of a Definition","authors":"T. Mikhailova","doi":"10.25205/2307-1737-2022-2-174-194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2022-2-174-194","url":null,"abstract":"Using the term saga in Russian and European criticism is studied. The term denotes Old Irish epic tales. The relation between oral and written narrative traditions is described. Under investigation is the semantic content of the Russian term with the following: 1. the English (saga) and the German (die Sage) scholarly texts describing the same denotates 2. the Icelandic notion saga having a much wider semantic field in the original tradition (though not in mediaeval studies) 3. the semantic field of the original term scél having tale or story as one of its meanings. The work also states the recursive semantic shift tale, story → an event worthy of making a tale of, a piece of news. The shift is also evident in the semantic evolution of the Russian term istoriya. The conclusion points out the relativity of the frame of the term saga as a mediaeval literature’s genre and the necessity to appeal to a scholar’s intuition.","PeriodicalId":36800,"journal":{"name":"Kritika i Semiotika","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69317077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverbs of Evaluation: Correlation of Semantic and Syntactic Properties (The Case of General and Hedonistic Evaluation)","authors":"I. Kobozeva","doi":"10.25205/2307-1737-2022-1-90-109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2022-1-90-109","url":null,"abstract":"Considering evaluation adverbs of Russian expressing two types of evaluation we argue that the syntactic properties of adverbs are determined by their meaning. The hypothesis is that adverbs of general evaluation (the type good – bad) should have more syntactic functions, than the ones of particularized evaluation, and for this purpose adverbs of hedonistic evaluation (e.g. tasty) are studied. We briefly expose the main insights of linguistic-oriented evaluation theory of N. D. Arutyunova, and discuss syntactic functions of хорошо ‘good’, typical of general evaluation adverbs. Section 2 is devoted to adverbs of hedonistic evaluation. We argue that adverbs of the type приятно – неприятно ‘pleasant – unpleasant’ should be excluded from this class, because in their lexical meaning only the general sensory evaluation is fixed, while its specification as hedonistic or psychological is conditioned by syntactic and/or semantic context. We show that hedonistic evaluation adverbs possess lesser number of syntactic functions than general evaluation adverbs. We demonstrate syntactic differences in the degree of acceptability of the explicit experiencer and the implicit causing factor with the hedonistic evaluation adverbs, conditioned by the channel of perception encoded in adverb’s lexical meaning, and give them the cognitive explanation. The results of our analysis bring into question the syntactic criterion of adverbs with floating scope proposed by M. V. Filipenko (2003). According to this criterion the adverbs of taste and smell evaluation should have floating scope because they have predicative function, but as all hedonistic evaluation adverbs they have the fixed scope over the semantic predicate ‘feel’ implicit in their meaning. We argue that the only syntactic property that guarantees the floating scope for an adverb is its ability to govern the subordinate complement clause with the complementizer chto ‘that’.","PeriodicalId":36800,"journal":{"name":"Kritika i Semiotika","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69316724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Way of listven’ in the Russian and Siberian Worldview: From Phytonym to Concepts","authors":"A. Kozlov, F. Varlaro","doi":"10.25205/2307-1737-2022-1-183-197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2022-1-183-197","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the study of the semantic properties of the dialect word listven’ (“larch”) in the narrative prose. Based on the material of encyclopaedias, fiction and travel prose, observations on the lexical and semantic properties of the word “larch” (lat. Larix dahurica; in the studied context – larix sibirica) are presented. It is shown how, being a dialect nomination, the word becomes a part of the individual author’s system. In the treatise of Vitruvius, the word Larix is associated with the name of the citadel Larignum. The historian talks about the fire that started during the storming of the fortress and mentions the amazing durability of the tree. The idea of Larix as being of the same root as the Latin laridum is widespread, which gives the tree a metaphorical resemblance to body. As M. Statley notes, in European shamanism the world tree was often depicted as a larch. It is significant that all these options are equally reflected in the modern village prose, in particular, in the work of V. Rasputin “Farewell to Matera” (1976). The purpose of the article is to trace the stages that a given lexeme goes through on the way from a phytonym to a concept. In particular, the word begins to appear in non-fiction texts related to the development of Siberia and the Far East from the end of the 18th century, for example the Russian travel logs and subsequently reports. In almost all of the considered contexts, a characteristic enumerative intonation is used, while the word is included in the same row as the normative phytonyms. In some contexts, the properties of the tree are recorded, which can be considered proto-metaphors: the extraordinary strength of the wood, the ugliness of the tree itself, and, finally, frequent comparisons of the bark of larch with human skin or paper are noted. These remarks are given in passing and are not developed into a narrative. Ethnographers were not very interested in the picture of the world of the indigenous people, so the rich folklore, pagan idea of larch as the center of hulde. That’s correlated with the spirit or personality of a person in the religion of the Druids, remained out of sight. The considered path of the word demonstrates the specific mechanism of the transition of a marked dialect word into non-fiction writing and narrative reflection on the essence of the word in fiction writing. Referring to the local dialect, D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak and V. G. Korolenko gave to the word the necessary imagery and expressiveness, which became a constructive part of the language of rural prose of the second half of the 20th century, that is to say the new travel prose of the 21st century. Of course, with the development of Siberian literature, these ideas reached their positions in the prose of L. M. Leonova, V. N. Rasputin, E. Aypin and many others. “Farewell to Matera” becomes a precedent text, where larch as a world tree is not only transformed into a dialectal “larch”, but also acquires a different","PeriodicalId":36800,"journal":{"name":"Kritika i Semiotika","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69317011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ezra Pound and Vorticism: Transatlantic Vectors in Politics and Semantic Shifts in Language","authors":"Olga V. Sokolova","doi":"10.25205/2307-1737-2022-2-18-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2022-2-18-36","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the key provisions of Ezra Pound's aesthetic conception of poet-ic language. On the one hand, this concept resonates with the general tendencies to-wards the interaction of poetic and political discourses of the early twentieth century. On the other hand, the conception indicates the role of poetic language for world cul-ture and modern politics. Analysis of Pound’s essays corpus for the period from 1912 to the 1940s provides identification of three main vectors: the vector of transatlantic policy (American Risorgimento); the vector of political and poetic performativity: (Literature is language charged with meaning), and the vector of semantic shift (Make it new). The article scrutinizes the pragmatic and sematic techniques that man-ifest Pound’s intention to update the language and increase the performativity of the statement that can have an active effect on the addressee and reality.","PeriodicalId":36800,"journal":{"name":"Kritika i Semiotika","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69317607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metaphorical Models of Phraseological Units with Motion Verbs in Altai and Khakas (Comparative Aspect)","authors":"E. V. Tyuntesheva","doi":"10.25205/2307-1737-2022-2-142-157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2022-2-142-157","url":null,"abstract":"In the following article, we analyse the Altai and Khakas phraseological units based on the dead metaphor of motion. They describe a person’s state within some kind of everyday situation or environment, as well as interpersonal relations and one’s intellectual and social achievements. These units contain the following verbs of motion: tüš= ~ tüs= ‘to come down; to fall’, kir= ‘to enter’, čïq= ~ sïx= ‘to come out; to raise’. These verbs form the semantics of the phraseological units and denote the formation, beginning, or end of a person’s state or action, as well as its intensity. The verb tüš= ~ tüs= is shown to be the most frequent component; it is found in most phraseological units describing a person’s state. Kir= is chiefly found in units describing interpersonal relationships, while units with čïq= ~ sïx= are very rare. In our article, we build models and analyze these units in contrast with other Turkic and non-Turkic languages. We distinguish 7 models that can be categorized into 4 types according to their structure and semantics: ‘motion – state’, ‘motion – event’, ‘motion – interpersonal relations’, and ‘motion – achievement’. Each type excluding the last one are represented by 2 antonymous models for a number of phraseological units with antonymous verbs tüš= ~ tüs= ‘to come down; to fall’, kir= ‘to enter’ (denoting the formation of one’s state or relationship, as well as the starting point of action) and čïq= ~ sïx= ‘to come out; to raise’ (denoting the termination of state or relationship. These metaphorical models of motion found in Altai and Khakas are also typical for Russian, French, and English, where phraseological units are numerous. It is possible that such basic concepts of space and their representations via metaphors of motion are similar in various linguistic world images. In Altai and Khakas, correlations of specific phraseological units are also observed.","PeriodicalId":36800,"journal":{"name":"Kritika i Semiotika","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69316868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Concept of Poverty-Wealth as a Motivational Constant in Russian Literature","authors":"L. Yakimova","doi":"10.25205/2307-1737-2022-2-275-294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2022-2-275-294","url":null,"abstract":"In the wide chronological section and through poetic-semantic analysis of the mane works of the Russian literature (for example, Gogol novel “Overcoat”, “Poor people” of F. M. Dostoevsky, Chehov’s novel “Three years” and Vs. Ivanov’s story “Fertility”) opens the inevitability of social historical motivation of richness-poverty, as well as it’s motif domination in the literature in the sense of the conflict of socially determined and existentially deterministic view of human nature. Primary focus is the wealth of intertextual field of Russian literature, which is caused by motive roll call, creative dialog and writers’ polemics of different generation, which appears as a factor cementing the humanistic orientation of the Russian literature.","PeriodicalId":36800,"journal":{"name":"Kritika i Semiotika","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69317721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semantic Field “Alcohol Use” in Russian (In Comparison with Italian)","authors":"M. Savina","doi":"10.25205/2307-1737-2022-2-364-384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2022-2-364-384","url":null,"abstract":"The article characterizes the similarities of the semantic fields “alcohol use” and describes their differences on the example of lexical paradigms like “drinking alcohol in large quantities for a long time (binge drinking)”, “physical and psychological destruction as a result of drinking alcohol (become an inveterate drunkard)” and “hangover” in Russian and Italian. The study is based on the materials of the National Corpus of the Russian Language, the ContextReverse portal of works by Italian authors and various dictionaries. The author used methods of continuous sampling, corpus, comparative, modeling, the method of contextual, definitional and component analysis.","PeriodicalId":36800,"journal":{"name":"Kritika i Semiotika","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69318428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Far Eastern Futurists and the Satirical Leaflet “Blokha” (“Flea”) (Vladivostok, 1920)","authors":"K. Abramova","doi":"10.25205/2307-1737-2022-1-319-348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2022-1-319-348","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the analysis of publications of poetic feuilletons in the satirical leaflet “Blokha” (“Flea”), which was published in 1920 in Vladivostok. The authors of the publications hid behind pseudonyms that are currently indecipherable. Analyzing the texts, we primarily drew attention to the features characteristic of the poetry of futurists. On the one hand, these features served to create a parody, ridicule the figures of the literary community of Vladivostok in those years. On the other hand, having analyzed examples of poetic and prose feuilletons, we can say that the satirical magazine “Blokha” (“Flea”), published in Vladivostok in 1920, is closely connected with the futuristic movement that was actively developing in the Far Eastern republic in 1918–1921.","PeriodicalId":36800,"journal":{"name":"Kritika i Semiotika","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69316579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metadrama in V. Mirzoev’s Works","authors":"P. E. Zhilichev","doi":"10.25205/2307-1737-2022-1-380-399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2022-1-380-399","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the specifics of metadrama in Vladimir Mirzoev's works. The metatextual aspect of the communicative structure of Mirzoev’s plays is based on uti-lizing traditional actants of the dramatic intrigue, including kings, jesters, army officers, magicians, Hamlet, Don Juan, etc. Mixing references to classic and contemporary literature, Mirzoev’s texts take palimpsest (G. Genette), pastiche (R. Dyer) as a basis for developing dramatic action and tension. For example, The Tower decon-structs the archetype of Don Juan by combining the elements of the traditional plot with the iconography of the Tarot, references to well-known Russian classics, and elements of avant-garde aesthetics. Moreover, another “layer” of the “palimpsest” is formed by interactions with the “absurd authors of the past” (Harms, Pinter), weaving the position of interpretation (philological, directorial) into the discursive structure. Overall, the usage of palimpsest and pastiche corresponds with the dramatic intrigue of metamorphosis, the depiction of an absurdist cosmogony of a fictional world that stands on the deconstruction of cultural cliches and re-shaping the consciousness of both the characters and the recipients.","PeriodicalId":36800,"journal":{"name":"Kritika i Semiotika","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69316628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}