{"title":"Re-engineering of timing constrained placements for regular architectures","authors":"Anmol Mathur, Kuang-Chien Chen, C. Liu","doi":"10.1109/ICCAD.1995.480161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCAD.1995.480161","url":null,"abstract":"In a typical design flow, the design may be altered slightly several times after the initial design cycle according to minor changes in the design specification either as a result of design debugging or as a result of changes in engineering requirements. These modifications are usually local and are referred to as engineering changes. In this paper we study the problem of timing driven placement re-engineering: the problem of altering the placement of a circuit to incorporate engineering changes without degrading the timing performance of the circuit. We focus on the re-engineering problem for regular architectures such as FPGAs and gate arrays. Our algorithms exploit the locality of the re-engineering design changes and use the current placement to generate the new placement for the altered circuit. Our experiments on the Xilinx 3000 FPGA architecture demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm in handling engineering changes efficiently.","PeriodicalId":367501,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Aided Design (ICCAD)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133991450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficient validity checking for processor verification","authors":"Robert B. Jones, D. Dill, J. Burch","doi":"10.1109/ICCAD.1995.479877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCAD.1995.479877","url":null,"abstract":"We describe an efficient validity checker for the quantifier-free logic of equality with uninterpreted functions. This logic is well suited for verifying microprocessor control circuitry since it allows the abstraction of datapath values and operations. Our validity checker uses special data structures to speed up case splitting, and powerful heuristics to reduce the number of case splits needed. In addition, we present experimental results and show that this implementation has enabled the automatic verification of an actual high-level microprocessor description.","PeriodicalId":367501,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Aided Design (ICCAD)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130724475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Partitioning and reduction of RC interconnect networks based on scattering parameter macromodels","authors":"H. Liao, W. Dai","doi":"10.1109/ICCAD.1995.480207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCAD.1995.480207","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a linear time algorithm to reduce a large RC interconnect network into subnetworks which are approximated with lower order equivalent RC circuits. The number of RC elements can be reduced between 50% and 90%. Instead of increasing approximation order for a network with large number of ports which will result in inefficiency at best and ill-conditioned matrices at worst, we partition the original network into several subnetworks, each of which is approximated by lower order model. The reduced circuits are guaranteed to be stable. The experiment results show that the number of circuit elements in a reduced network is O(N) for typical clock networks, where N is the number of external ports. The simulation time can be reduced by two to three orders of magnitude while the response of the reduced circuits is within five percent of that of the original circuits.","PeriodicalId":367501,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Aided Design (ICCAD)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132570188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Who are the variables in your neighbourhood","authors":"Shipra Panda, F. Somenzi","doi":"10.1109/ICCAD.1995.479994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCAD.1995.479994","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamic reordering techniques have had considerable success in reducing the impact of the initial variable order on the size of decision diagrams. Sifting, in particular, has emerged as a very good compromise between low CPU time requirements and high quality of results. Sifting, however, has the absolute position of a variable as the primary objective, and only considers the relative positions of groups of variables indirectly. In this paper we propose an extension to sifting that may move groups of variables simultaneously to produce better results. Variables are aggregated by checking whether they have a strong affinity to their neighbors. (Hence the title.) Our experiments show an average improvement in size of 11%. This improvement, coupled with the greater robustness of the algorithm, more than offsets the modest increase in CPU time that is sometimes incurred.","PeriodicalId":367501,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Aided Design (ICCAD)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132047866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fast functional simulation using branching programs","authors":"P. Ashar, S. Malik","doi":"10.1109/ICCAD.1995.480148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCAD.1995.480148","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the problem of speeding up functional (delay-independent) logic simulation for synchronous digital systems. The problem needs very little new motivation-cycle-based functional simulation is the largest consumer of computing cycles in system design. Most existing simulators for this task can he classified as being either event driven or levelized compiled-code, with the levelized compiled code simulators generally being considered faster for this task. An alternative technique, based on evaluation using branching programs, was suggested about a decade ago in the context of switch level functional simulation. However, this had very limited application since it could not handle the large circuits encountered in practice. This paper resurrects the basic idea present this technique and provides significant modifications that enable its application to contemporary industrial strength circuits. We present experimental results that demonstrate up to a 10X speedup over levelized compiled code simulation for a large suite of benchmark circuits as well as for industrial examples with over 40.000 gates.","PeriodicalId":367501,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Aided Design (ICCAD)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128998891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design-for-Debugging of application specific designs","authors":"M. Potkonjak, S. Dey, K. Wakabayashi","doi":"10.1109/ICCAD.1995.480026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCAD.1995.480026","url":null,"abstract":"We address the problem of considering debugging requirements during high level synthesis by providing low-cost hardware support and scheduling and assignment methods for ensuring controllability and observability of the user specified variables. Two key conceptually new design ideas that enable efficient debugging are developed: pipelining of debugging variables for improving their scheduling and assignment freedom and use of I/O buffers for improving resource utilization of I/O pins. The provably optimal bounds for the maximum cardinality of the set of controllable and observable variables for a given design specification are derived. A polynomial time complexity synthesis algorithm for achieving the bounds is developed. The minimization of hardware overhead gives rise to a combinatorial optimization problem which is solved using a non-greedy heuristic algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed Design-for-Debugging approach is demonstrated on several examples.","PeriodicalId":367501,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Aided Design (ICCAD)","volume":"46 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128515326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Binary decision diagrams and beyond: enabling technologies for formal verification","authors":"R. Bryant","doi":"10.1109/ICCAD.1995.480018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCAD.1995.480018","url":null,"abstract":"Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams (OBDDs) have found widespread use in CAD applications such as formal verification, logic synthesis, and test generation. OBDDs represent Boolean functions in a form that is both canonical and compact for many practical cases. They can be generated and manipulated by efficient graph algorithms. Researchers have found that many tasks can be expressed as series of operations on Boolean functions, making them candidates for OBDD-based methods. The success of OBDDs has inspired efforts to improve their efficiency and to expand their range of applicability. Techniques have been discovered to make the representation more compact and to represent other classes of functions. This has led to improved performance on existing OBDD applications, as well as enabled new classes of problems to be solved. This paper provides an overview of the state of the art in graph-based function representations. We focus on several recent advances of particular importance for formal verification and other CAD applications.","PeriodicalId":367501,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Aided Design (ICCAD)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116345563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance estimation of embedded software with instruction cache modeling","authors":"Yau-Tsun Steven Li, S. Malik, A. Wolfe","doi":"10.1109/ICCAD.1995.480144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCAD.1995.480144","url":null,"abstract":"Embedded systems generally interact with the outside world. Thus, some real-time constraints may be imposed on the system design. Verification of these constraints requires computing a tight upper bound on the worst case execution time (WCET) of a hardware/software system. The problem of bounding WCET is particularly difficult on modern processors, which use cache-based memory systems that vary memory access time significantly. This must be accurately modeled in order to tightly bound WCET. Existing approaches either search all possible program paths, an intractable problem, or they use pessimistic assumptions to limit the search space. In this paper we present afar more effective and accurate method for modeling instruction cache activity and computing a tight bound on WCET. It is implemented in the program cinderella. We present some preliminary results of using this tool on sample embedded programs.","PeriodicalId":367501,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Aided Design (ICCAD)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127147636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Post routing performance optimization via multi-link insertion and non-uniform wiresizing","authors":"T. Xue, E. Kuh","doi":"10.1109/ICCAD.1995.480174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCAD.1995.480174","url":null,"abstract":"Most existing performance-driven and clock routing algorithms construct optimal routing topology for each net individually without considering its routability on the chip, so they can not guarantee performance after all nets are routed. This paper proposes a new approach for post routing performance optimization via multi-link insertion and non-uniform wiresizing, which improves the performance of a net topology obtained from a global routing solution. Unlike previous approaches, it can achieve reduction in both maximum delay and skew to satisfy user specified constraints and minimizes the routing resource consumed. During optimization, the topology of the net is kept routable. Experiments show that link insertion and wiresizing can improve net performance significantly, and among all approaches, multi-link insertion and wiresizing achieves the best performance and area efficiency.","PeriodicalId":367501,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Aided Design (ICCAD)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128131831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Aziz, F. Balarin, R. Brayton, A. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli
{"title":"Sequential synthesis using S1S","authors":"A. Aziz, F. Balarin, R. Brayton, A. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli","doi":"10.1109/ICCAD.1995.480192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCAD.1995.480192","url":null,"abstract":"We present a mathematical framework for analyzing the synthesis of interacting, finite state systems. The logic S1S is used to derive simple, rigorous, and constructive solutions to problems in sequential synthesis. We obtain exact and approximate sets of permissible FSM network behavior, and address the issue of FSM realizability. This approach is also applied to synthesizing systems with fairness and timed systems.","PeriodicalId":367501,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Aided Design (ICCAD)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121624260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}