Journal for Person-Oriented Research最新文献

{"title":"The Sunny Side of the Network Approach to Psychopathology: Comparing Nodes as Either Problems or Strengths.","authors":"Jakob Schenström, Marie De Mey, Matthis Andreasson, Lene Lindberg, Felicia Sundström, Lars Klintwall","doi":"10.17505/jpor.2025.28094","DOIUrl":"10.17505/jpor.2025.28094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Personalized symptom networks are emerging as a tool to enhance psychiatric case conceptualizations. However, applications of the approach have so far focused on illness-causing (pathogenic) factors and their relationships with each other, whereas it is possible that a useful case conceptualization needs to include health-promoting (salutogenic) factors. The aim of this study was to investigate adolescents' and clinicians' evaluations of pathogenic and salutogenic idiographic networks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Networks were created for nine adolescent women by using the PECAN (Perceived Causal Networks) method. For every participant two networks were produced: one consisted of symptoms, such as \"stuck in negative thoughts\" as nodes (pathogenetic), the other health-promoting factors, such as \"can let go of negative thoughts\" as nodes (salutogenic). The same nine adolescents (Study I) and twenty therapists (Study II) evaluated these networks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adolescents evaluated their salutogenic networks as easier to define and create, but their pathogenic network as more useful. Therapists considered both methods to be clinically useful, but in general rated the salutogenic networks to be more informative. Both adolescents and therapists stressed the complementary use of salutogenic and pathogenic networks.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Future studies should explore ways to integrate pathogenic and salutogenic nodes in the same network, and compare whether patients collecting longitudinal data might be differentially impacted by a focus on either symptoms or strengths.</p><p><strong>Practice implications: </strong>Person-specific networks could complement traditional case conceptualization by integrating both symptoms and resilience factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":36744,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Person-Oriented Research","volume":"11 2","pages":"85-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12239871/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why and When You Should Avoid Using z-scores in Graphs Displaying Profile or Group Differences.","authors":"Julia Moeller","doi":"10.17505/jpor.2025.28091","DOIUrl":"10.17505/jpor.2025.28091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many person-oriented studies use <i>z</i>-standardized scores before conducting cluster analyses and/or before displaying group differences. This article summarizes reasons why <i>z-</i> standardized scores can often be problematic and misleading in person-oriented methods. The article shows examples illustrating why and how the use of <i>z</i>-scores in group classification and comparisons can be misleading, and proposes less problematic methods. Reasons why <i>z</i>-standardized scores should be avoided when classifying or displaying differences between clusters, profiles, and other groups are: The ratio of the difference between two groups is distorted in <i>z</i>-scores.The ratio of the difference between two variables is distorted in <i>z</i>-scores.Information about item endorsement and item rejection is lost.The psychological meaning of a given <i>z</i>-score does not compare across samples and variables.Group assignments can be misleading if <i>z</i>-scores are used to assign individuals to groups.The group size and group frequency may be affected if <i>z</i>-scores instead of raw scores are used to assign individuals to groups.Group differences in further outcome variables can change if <i>z</i>-scores instead of raw scores are used to assign individuals to groups.Alternative normalization techniques perform better than <i>z</i>-standardization in cluster analyses.<i>z</i>-standardization relies on homogeneity assumptions, including unimodality, but distributions analysed in person-oriented research are often multimodal.Person-oriented methods typically examine within-person patterns to answer research questions about within-person phenomena, whereas <i>z</i>-standardization typically refers to between-person variation, which creates a logical mismatch between theory and method. Alternatives to using <i>z</i>-scores in graphs displaying profiles and group differences are using raw scores or using scale transformations that use the range, not the standard deviation in the normalization.</p>","PeriodicalId":36744,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Person-Oriented Research","volume":"11 2","pages":"58-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12239870/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comments on Julia Moeller's Paper from a Person-Oriented Perspective.","authors":"András Vargha","doi":"10.17505/jpor.2025.28093","DOIUrl":"10.17505/jpor.2025.28093","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36744,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Person-Oriented Research","volume":"11 2","pages":"79-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12239866/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Male Gaze Explored: Ranking Thinness and Attractiveness of Female Body Shapes.","authors":"Revital Naor-Ziv, Yaarit Amram-Veitz, Joseph Glicksohn","doi":"10.17505/jpor.2025.28095","DOIUrl":"10.17505/jpor.2025.28095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The male gaze of the female body image in terms of thinness reveals its hierarchical structure: first torso, then legs, then arms. This is seen when in one task our male participants rank-ordered 8 composite images of a female body, derived from a Torso (thin vs. large) × Leg (thin/large vs. medium) × Arm (thin vs. large) design, from thinnest to largest. This primary focus on the torso is also critical in determining to what degree the female body image conforms to a desired hourglass shape. In a second task, the participants rank-ordered the same images from least attractive to most attractive. The rank-ordering of thinness was not readily predictive of the rank-ordering of attractiveness, and we found no clear end-structure underlying the female body image in terms of attractiveness. Nevertheless, in tracing the process of rating attractiveness, we can anchor the two ends of the series. The most attractive shapes were either Image 4 or Image 3, both instantiating a low waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). The first two choices for the least attractive shape were Image 1 (very thin) and Image 6 (very large). Great variability was found, however, in ranking the other body shapes, comprising composite images displaying an incompatibility of their various body parts. This results in a large number of paths for defining what attractiveness is for a particular male participant.</p>","PeriodicalId":36744,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Person-Oriented Research","volume":"11 2","pages":"96-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12239869/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multigroup Comparisons with Configural Frequency Analysis.","authors":"Alexander von Eye, Wolfgang Wiedermann","doi":"10.17505/jpor.2025.27572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17505/jpor.2025.27572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lienert's (1973) original approach to comparing groups with Configural Frequency Analysis (CFA) cannot straightforwardly be generalized to the comparison of multiple groups. The present article proposes a new base model for group comparison with CFA. This model allows researchers to compare multiple groups, to evaluate overall model fit, to take covariates into account, and to conduct exploratory and confirmatory analyses. In confirmatory group comparisons, base models need to be specified in which particular configurations are blanked out, and other configurations are explicitly set equal. Reference is made to existing base models, e.g., the configural model of axial symmetry. Data examples are provided in which individuals are compared. Extensions of the new models are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":36744,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Person-Oriented Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11977777/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143999995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embodiment and Psychological Health in Adolescence: 2. Embodiment Profiles and their Association with Psychological Health Among Young Adolescents.","authors":"Lars-Gunnar Lundh, Lo Foster, Daiva Daukantaitė","doi":"10.17505/jpor.2025.27578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17505/jpor.2025.27578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Several researchers have argued that disturbances in embodiment play an important role in the development of psychological health problems among adolescents. The purpose of the present study was to use the 12-item Embodiment Scale (ES-12), with its three subscales Harmonious Body (HB), Disharmonious Body (DB), and Body for Others (BO), (1) to identify subgroups of adolescents with different profiles on the ES-12 scales, and (2) to see how these profiles are associated with patterns of psychological health problems.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The participants were 530 adolescents with a mean age of 14 years (<i>SD</i> = 0.89), who filled out the ES-12 and measures of disordered eating, non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), anxiety, and depression. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to divide the sample into (1) subgroups with different profiles of HB, DB and BO and (2) subgroups with different psychological health profiles. Cross-tabulation was used to study associations between different embodiment profiles and different patterns of psychological health problems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five different profiles of embodiment were identified: <i>Strong Embodiment, Average Embodiment, Weak Embodiment, Body for Others, and Low Body Harmony</i>. Five different psychological health profiles were identified: <i>Multiple Problems, Multiple Problems without NSSI, Disordered Eating Only, Average Psychological Health,</i> and a <i>Healthy</i> profile. Cross-tabulation showed that individuals with a <i>Strong Embodiment</i> profile were over-represented among adolescents in the <i>Healthy</i> cluster, and that individuals with the <i>Weak Embodiment</i> profile were over-represented in both <i>Multiple Problems</i> clusters. Individuals with a <i>Body for Others</i> profile were overrepresented among adolescents with a <i>Disordered Eating Only</i> profile but not among adolescents with <i>Multiple Problems</i> profiles.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings align with theoretical frameworks which emphasize the importance of embodiment for the understanding of psychological health problems. At the same time, the results go against theories that attribute a central role to high levels of experienced Body for Others for the development of psychological health problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":36744,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Person-Oriented Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"25-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11977779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143988259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embodiment and Psychological Health in Adolescence: 1. Development and Validation of a Brief 12-item Questionnaireto Measure the Experience of Embodiment.","authors":"Lo Foster, Lars-Gunnar Lundh, Daiva Daukantaitė","doi":"10.17505/jpor.2025.27576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17505/jpor.2025.27576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adolescence is characterized by large bodily changes and a heightened body-focus. It is also a sensitive period for the onset of various forms of psychopathology. Previous longitudinal studies have shown that body dissatisfaction is a predictor of disordered eating, non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), and depression among adolescents. Body dissatisfaction, however, only represents one aspect of bodily self-experience. Another aspect is embodiment, defined as the anchoring of one's identity in bodily self-experience. Research in this area, however, has been hampered by the lack of a psychometrically sound measure of embodiment that can be administered to adolescents. The purpose of the present study was to develop a brief measure of embodiment suitable for young adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 12-item Embodiment Scale (ES-12) was developed and underwent confirmatory factor analysis and tests of internal consistency, test-retest reliability, measure invariance, subscale inter-correlations, and construct validity. Incremental validity was analyzed to see if the ES-12 could predict disordered eating, non-suicidal self-injury, depression, and anxiety, above and beyond that of a measure of body dissatisfaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ES-12 was found to exhibit robust psychometric properties, such as a distinct three-factor structure, strong internal consistency, and good test-retest reliability. It demonstrated good convergent and divergent validity, indicating that its three subscales-Harmonious Body, Disharmonious Body, and Body for Others-are significantly associated with a range of psychological health issues in adolescents. In addition, the ES-12 demonstrated consistent incremental validity by predicting disordered eating, NSSI, depression, and anxiety, beyond that of a measure of body dissatisfaction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results suggest that ES-12 is a useful instrument in research on the experience of embodiment among adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":36744,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Person-Oriented Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"10-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11977780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144014118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treating Fear of Cancer Recurrence with Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing: A Sequential, Randomized Single-Case Experimental Design.","authors":"Pascalle A I Van der Wolf, Melanie P J Schellekens, Marije L van der Lee","doi":"10.17505/jpor.2025.27699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17505/jpor.2025.27699","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is defined as \"fear, worry, or concern relating to the possibility that cancer will come back or progress\". After cancer treatment, 20% of patients suffer from clinical fear of cancer recurrence (FCR), warranting specialized treatment. While intrusive catastrophic scenarios are clinical symptoms of FCR, they are rarely the key focus in current FCR treatments. Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) including the flash forward procedure explicitly addresses these intrusions. The present study explored whether EMDR is effective in treating clinical FCR. A sequentially replicated, randomized single-case experimental design was used among six cancer survivors with clinical levels of FCR. During an 84-day period, participants daily registered their FCR level. The Fear of Recurrence Inventory was administered at baseline, EMDR start, EMDR completion and study completion. The start of EMDR was randomized. All participants commented positively on the effect of EMDR during the semi-structured interviews: EMDR helped decrease intrusions and face death anxiety. Visual analysis of daily FCR were in line with these comments. Regression analysis showed a significant decrease of daily FCR in two participants, while the randomization test showed no effects. FCRI scores decreased below clinical levels in all participants, which was considered a reliable change in four participants. There was no drop-out. In light of these mixed findings, EMDR appears a promising treatment for FCR. Further research needs to establish its effectiveness and explore whether diminishing the emotional load of intrusions constitutes the working mechanism of EMDR in FCR.</p>","PeriodicalId":36744,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Person-Oriented Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"36-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11977781/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144053735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finding a Balance Between Being Professional and Being Personal. Experiences of Seven Psychotherapists.","authors":"Mikael Hörnebrant, Åsa Jeppsson, Mats Hilte","doi":"10.17505/jpor.2025.27723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17505/jpor.2025.27723","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to explore factors psychotherapists believe influence their choice of theory, method, and techniques when doing therapeutic work. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six certified psychotherapists and one psychotherapist in training. The interviews were analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), a qualitative methodology which explores how individuals make sense of their experiences. With the help of that methodology, we identified four main themes: Congruence, Responsibility, Context, and Flexibility. Our results indicated that practical and theoretical knowledge needs to be synchronized with the individual practitioner's basic personality. This enables the psychotherapists to experience themselves as professionals, as well as being their authentic self. When the professional and personal identity is joined together, a space is created for greater flexibility in the use of methods and techniques. The study also indicated the existence of a habitus among the psychotherapists embodied in a common language, derived from professional training, supervision and collegial discussions. There was also a consensus among the psychotherapists that they, as professionals, need to be independent and autonomous when doing therapeutic work. Permissive and supportive organizations were seen as an important asset, as well as access to colleagues and networks. The participants in the present study characterized their attitudes to clinical work using keywords such as curiosity, presence, and co-creation. It is suggested that therapists constantly walk a fine line between being an expert and at the same time bracketing their professional knowledge to meet the needs of their clients. A main limitation of the present study was that almost all participants belonged to one therapeutic orientation within the field of psychotherapy (family therapy).</p>","PeriodicalId":36744,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Person-Oriented Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"49-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11977778/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143989592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meaning Matters: A Person-Centered Investigation of Meaning in Life, Future Time Perspective, and Well-Being in Young Adults.","authors":"Luigia Simona Sica, Anna Parola, Barbara De Rosa, Massimiliano Sommantico, Elisabetta Fenizia, Jacopo Postiglione, Giorgio Maria Regnoli, Santa Parrello","doi":"10.17505/jpor.2024.27189","DOIUrl":"10.17505/jpor.2024.27189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Within the framework of positive psychology, this study aims to investigate whether meaning in life, optimism and future orientation have acted together as a psychological resource in coping with a non-normative challenge such as the Covid-19 pandemic. 389 respondents participated in this study. Future time perspective, presence/search for meaning in life, life orientation and dimensions of well-being (anxiety, depression, stress and aggressive behavior) were assessed. A person-centered approach through latent profile analysis (stepwise approach) was employed. In addition, multinomial logistic regression was used to investigate whether gender, age group, student/employment status and loss episodes during the pandemic predicted profile membership. Latent profile analysis identified three profiles: Aggressive coping (Profile 1, 30%, n = 117), Perspective coping (Profile 2, 29%, n = 114), and Flattened coping (Profile 3, 41%, n = 158). The results support the hypothesis that the presence of meaning in life, a positive life orientation and a positive view of the future act as coping strategies against stressful situations. Practical implications for supporting these resources in young people are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":36744,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Person-Oriented Research","volume":"10 2","pages":"104-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11660339/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142877127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}