Journal for Person-Oriented Research最新文献

{"title":"Experiences of Change in Emotion Regulation Group Therapy. A Mixed-Methods Study of Six Patients.","authors":"Anna Dahlberg,&nbsp;Elin Wetterberg,&nbsp;Lars-Gunnar Lundh,&nbsp;Hanna Sahlin","doi":"10.17505/jpor.2018.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17505/jpor.2018.02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emotion Regulation Group Therapy (ERGT) is a treatment for non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) that has recently been implemented in Sweden and evaluated in an open trial with 95 patients in 14 adult outpatient psychiatric clinics (Sahlin et al., 2017). The purpose of the present study was to explore in more detail six of these patients' experiences of change in ERGT by means of a person-oriented mixed-methods design. Reliable change and clinical significance were calculated for each individual on measures of self-harm, depression, anxiety, stress, and emotion regulation. Semi-structured interviews were carried out, transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. Both the quantitative and qualitative data on change suggested that the most consistent changes occurred on emotion regulation. The treatment sessions that were most appreciated were those that focused on emotion awareness and emotion regulation. The participants also expressed appreciation of what ERGT afforded in terms of belonging and sharing with others, and the sense of equality in the relationship to the therapist. Critical comments were expressed concerning some parts of the treatment, as for example not having access to an individual therapist. Among the limitations of the study are the small convenience sample, which does not allow for any generalizing conclusions, and that the interviews took place a considerable time (2-3 years) after the participation in ERGT.</p>","PeriodicalId":36744,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Person-Oriented Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"15-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7842622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25354588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to von Eye and Wiedermann's commentary \"Strengthening arguments based on scale levels?\"","authors":"Lars R Bergman","doi":"10.17505/jpor.2018.05","DOIUrl":"10.17505/jpor.2018.05","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36744,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Person-Oriented Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7869618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25355031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengthening arguments based on scale levels?","authors":"Alexander von Eye, Wolfgang Wiedermann","doi":"10.17505/jpor.2018.04","DOIUrl":"10.17505/jpor.2018.04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36744,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Person-Oriented Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"45-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7869616/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25355030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual Development and Adaptation (IDA): A Life-Span Longitudinal Program Suited for Person-Oriented Research.","authors":"Lars R Bergman,&nbsp;Anna-Karin Andershed,&nbsp;Anna Meehan,&nbsp;Henrik Andershed","doi":"10.17505/jpor.2018.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17505/jpor.2018.07","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article, we give a presentation of the longitudinal research program Individual Development and Adaptation (IDA) that can be helpful as a template for researchers considering to launch their own longitudinal studies, and that opens the door to IDA for researchers looking for suitable data to be analyzed within their own project or in collaboration with IDA. We also introduce the holistic-interactionistic theoretical framework of IDA and the associated person-oriented approach - an approach that is especially suited for analyzing the rich IDA data set with its broad coverage of different areas of adjustment and related factors. The paper provides an overview of the essential features of the IDA database, as well as of ongoing and planned IDA research.</p>","PeriodicalId":36744,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Person-Oriented Research","volume":"4 2","pages":"63-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7842617/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10656930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The interpretation of single individuals' measurements.","authors":"Lars R Bergman","doi":"10.17505/jpor.2017.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17505/jpor.2017.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article concerns the interpretation and construction of measurements for single observational units, including the creation of scales or indexes to improve the quality of the measurements. The focus is on the individual as the observational unit in psychology, but to present a broader perspective related measurement issues in official statistics are also discussed. It is concluded that when individual measurements are to be interpreted, measurement precision must be given priority and taken into account in the research design. Unfortunately, most measures in psychology are not highly reliable, and examples are given demonstrating that such measures do not normally allow the researcher to make inferences about single individuals. Methods for testing questionnaires in a cognitive laboratory that have been developed within survey research can provide useful tools to increase both reliability and validity of single questions/items.</p>","PeriodicalId":36744,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Person-Oriented Research","volume":"3 1","pages":"119-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7869697/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25354586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Clinical Trials Mosaic: Toward a Range of Clinical Trials Designs to Optimize Evidence-Based Treatment.","authors":"Ty A Ridenour, Szu-Han K Chen, Hsin-Yi Liu, Georgiy V Bobashev, Katherine Hill, Rory Cooper","doi":"10.17505/jpor.2017.03","DOIUrl":"10.17505/jpor.2017.03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Dichotomizing clinical trials designs into nomothetic (e.g., randomized clinical trials or RCTs) versus idiographic (e.g., N-of-1 or case studies) precludes use of an array of hybrid designs and potential research questions between these extremes. This paper describes unique clinical evidence that can be garnered using idiographic clinical trials (ICTs) to complement RCT data. Proposed and illustrated herein is that innovative combinations of design features from RCTs and ICTs could provide clinicians with far more comprehensive information for testing treatments, conducting pragmatic trials, and making evidence-based clinical decisions.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Mixed model trajectory analysis and unified structural equations modeling were coupled with multiple baseline designs in (a) a true N-of-1 pilot study to improve severe autism-related communication deficits and (b) a small sample preliminary study of two complimentary interventions to relieve wheelchair discomfort.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Evidence supported certain mechanisms of treatment outcomes and ruled out others. Effect sizes included mean phase differences (i.e., effectiveness), trajectory slopes, and differences in path coefficients between study phases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ICTs can be analyzed with equivalent rigor as, and generate effect sizes comparable to, RCTs for the purpose of developing hybrid designs to augment RCTs for pilot testing innovative treatment, efficacy research on rare diseases or other small populations, quantifying within-person processes, and conducting clinical trials in many situations when RCTs are not feasible.</p>","PeriodicalId":36744,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Person-Oriented Research","volume":"3 1","pages":"28-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7842613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25354582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revitalizing the typological approach: Some methods for finding types.","authors":"Lars R Bergman,&nbsp;András Vargha,&nbsp;Zsuzsanna Kövi","doi":"10.17505/jpor.2017.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17505/jpor.2017.04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose is to discuss and exemplify how a typological approach could be designed for studying phenomena believed to be best understood within a person-oriented theoretical framework. The focus is mainly restricted to the case of studying the typological structure of a sample at a single point in time, and restricted to analyzing variable profiles where each variable has a \"negative\" and \"positive\" endpoint. An artificial data set and an empirical data set were analyzed using two different methodological approaches, one more explorative (using LICUR, a cluster analysis-based procedure) and one more model-based (using the MCLUST procedure). For the artificial data set, the LICUR procedure was successful in finding the true classification structure but the MCLUST procedure performed surprisingly badly. For the empirical data set, both procedures produced rather similar solutions and they showed moderate validity. However, the LICUR solution appeared to be slightly superior. It was argued that applying a sound classification methodology and carefully validating the resulting classifications are extremely important, even more so in a developmental context. It was also argued that, in a number of situations, a more explorative approach could be more useful than a standard model-based one.</p>","PeriodicalId":36744,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Person-Oriented Research","volume":"3 1","pages":"49-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7869617/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25354583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direction of effects in categorical variables: Looking inside the table.","authors":"Alexander von Eye, Wolfgang Wiedermann","doi":"10.17505/jpor.2017.02","DOIUrl":"10.17505/jpor.2017.02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the variable-oriented domain, direction of dependence analysis of metric variables is defined in terms of changes that the independent (or causal) variable has on the univariate distribution of the dependent variable. In this article, we take a person-oriented perspective and extend this approach in two aspects, for categorical variables. First, instead of looking at univariate frequency distributions, direction dependence is defined in terms of special interactions. That is, direction dependence is defined as a process that can be detected \"inside the table\" instead of in its marginals. Second, the present approach takes an event-based perspective. That is, direction of effect is defined for individual categories of variables instead of the entire range of possible scores (or categories). Log-linear models are presented that allow researchers to test the corresponding hypotheses. Simulation studies illustrate characteristics and performance of these models. An empirical example investigates whether there is truth to the adage that money does not buy happiness. Extensions and limitations are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":36744,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Person-Oriented Research","volume":"3 1","pages":"11-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7842652/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25358083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trajectories of scientific reasoning: A microgenetic study on children's inquiry functioning.","authors":"Jairo Montes,&nbsp;Marijn van Dijk,&nbsp;Rebeca Puche,&nbsp;Paul van Geert","doi":"10.17505/jpor.2017.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17505/jpor.2017.07","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>From the literature, we know that young children engage in inquiry as an organized activity aimed either at confirming or refuting the relevance of certain ideas. The current study provides a characterization of changes in inquiry using a multiple case study of four 5-year old children. Three computer-based tasks were presented to the children as multivariable problem solving situations concerning moving objects. A description of the temporal unfolding of real-time action on a short-term time scale and long-term time scale of learning and development is provided. The results indicated that the development of inquiry did not follow linear growth but included advances and relapses, exploratory states and transitions. The data were compatible with the view that the child's thinking and acting form a complex dynamic system.</p>","PeriodicalId":36744,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Person-Oriented Research","volume":"3 1","pages":"67-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7869623/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25354585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personalized Feedback on Symptom Dynamics of Psychopathology: A Proof-of-Principle Study.","authors":"Renske Kroeze,&nbsp;Date C van der Veen,&nbsp;Michelle N Servaas,&nbsp;Jojanneke A Bastiaansen,&nbsp;Richard C Oude Voshaar,&nbsp;Denny Borsboom,&nbsp;Henricus G Ruhe,&nbsp;Robert A Schoevers,&nbsp;Harriëtte Riese","doi":"10.17505/jpor.2017.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17505/jpor.2017.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>In the proposed symptom network approach to psychopathology, psychiatric disorders are assumed to result from the (causal) interplay between symptoms. By implementing this approach we explored whether individual feedback on symptom dynamics complements current categorical classification and treatment. The aim of this proof-of-principle case-study was to explore the feasibility, acceptability and usability of this transdiagnostic approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A female patient, aged 67, suffering from treatment resistant anxious and depressive symptoms was treated in our tertiary outpatient clinic for old age psychiatry. She participated in ecological momentary assessments (EMA), which involved intensive repeated measurements of mood and context-related items during two weeks. Visualizations of the interplay between the items were provided by network graphs and were discussed with the patient.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Network graphs were discussed with the patient. For example, it was hypothesized and discussed with the patient that feeling relaxed increased physical activity, causing physical discomfort in the following hours. Physical discomfort caused stress as its symptoms resembled her feared somatic anxiety symptoms. This increased the patient's insight that stress, expressed as somatic symptoms, played a central role in her panic disorder. This started a dialogue on how to cope with stress caused by somatic (anxiety) symptoms and provided a rationale for the patient to start an interoceptive exposure intervention she had repeatedly refused before.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>The observed symptom dynamics may not be generalizable to any other random two weeks.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Personalized diagnosis of psychopathology incorporating complex symptom dynamics is feasible and a promising addition to current categorical diagnostic systems and could guide intervention selection. This merits further exploration.</p>","PeriodicalId":36744,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Person-Oriented Research","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7842618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25358082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}