Journal for Person-Oriented Research最新文献

{"title":"Configural Analysis of Oscillating Progression.","authors":"Alexander von Eye, Wolfgang Wiedermann, Stefan von Weber","doi":"10.17505/jpor.2021.23448","DOIUrl":"10.17505/jpor.2021.23448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oscillating series of scores can be approximated with locally optimized smoothing functions. In this article, we describe how such series can be approximated with locally estimated (loess) smoothing, and how Configural Frequency Analysis (CFA) can be used to evaluate and interpret results. Loess functions are often hard to describe because they cannot be represented by just one function that has interpretable parameters. In this article, we suggest that specification of the CFA base model be based on the width of the window that is used for local curve optimization, the weight given to data points in the neighborhood of the approximated one, and by the function that is used to locally approximate observed data. CFA types indicate that more cases were found than expected from the local optimization model. CFA antitypes indicate that fewer cases were found. In a real-world data example, the development of Covid-19 diagnoses in France is analyzed for the beginning period of the pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":36744,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Person-Oriented Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"14-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8411879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39437408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personal Skills for Optimal Identity Development: A Person-Centered Approach in Italian Late-Adolescents.","authors":"Luigia Simona Sica,&nbsp;Laura Aleni Sestito","doi":"10.17505/jpor.2021.23450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17505/jpor.2021.23450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study examined the association between identity statuses and some competences such as creativity, personal growth initiative and agency, which can actually be considered as resources for the development of optimal identity in our de-standardized society (personal skills for optimal identity development, PSID). Participants were 250 adolescents (118 males and 132 females) attending the last two years of various high schools in Italy. We used five self-report measures of identity development, agency, creativity, and personal growth initiative, and specific psychosocial correlates (anxiety, depression and well-being) to examine the association between identity, PSID and both well- and ill-being. Based on a person-centered approach, five typologies were obtained in order to describe the differentiated interplay between identity and PSID. Our findings suggested that late adolescents showing medium/high levels of PSID seem to be more advanced in their identity definition; as a result, they show positive psycho-social functioning, supporting the hypothesis that PSID can allow the acquisition of optimal identity. Suggestions for developing interventions to foster personal resources in this age group are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":36744,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Person-Oriented Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"36-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8411880/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39437410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cluster Analysis of Child Externalizing and Prosocial Behaviors in a Randomized Effectiveness Trial of the Family-Check Up and Internet-Delivered Parent Training (iComet).","authors":"Annika Björnsdotter,&nbsp;Ata Ghaderi,&nbsp;Pia Enebrink","doi":"10.17505/jpor.2020.22403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17505/jpor.2020.22403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore whether children with various externalizing/prosocial behavior profiles benefit differently from face-to-face training than from an internet-based parent management training (PMT) programme.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 231 families with children (aged 10 to 13 years) with externalizing behavior problems (EBP) were randomized to receive either the Family Check-Up, delivered by therapists in the community, or the internet-based PMT program (iComet). Person-oriented analysis was used for subtyping the children according to combinations of prosocial behavior and EBP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The person-oriented analysis resulted in five significantly different clusters. There were no significant differences between the five clusters in relation to the total difficulties score of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, family warmth or family conflict, but the within-group effect sizes for the main outcome (total difficulties score) from baseline to post-treatment varied from Cohen's d of 0.52 to 2.56. There were no significant interaction effects between the clusters and type of intervention. However, for children high on symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and moderate to high on oppositional defiant disorder, and low to relatively high on prosocial behaviors (Cluster 3 respectively 5), substantial residual EBP-symptomatology remained at post-treatment, although both interventions resulted in significant effects. The other three clusters were within the non-clinical EBP-range at post-intervention, irrespective of treatment condition. There were no significant differences between the clusters regarding treatment completion rate (ranging from 47.2% to 67.4%). This study illustrates the value of distinguishing between different profiles of children in the context of PMT for parents of children with EBP.</p>","PeriodicalId":36744,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Person-Oriented Research","volume":" ","pages":"88-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7869620/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25355454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Idiographic Approaches to Children's Executive Function Performance: An Intensive Longitudinal Study.","authors":"Dian Yu, Pei-Jung Yang, G John Geldhof, Corine P Tyler, Patricia K Gansert, Paul A Chase, Richard M Lerner","doi":"10.17505/jpor.2020.22401","DOIUrl":"10.17505/jpor.2020.22401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditional variable-centered research on executive functions (EFs) often infers intraindividual development using group-based averages. Such a method masks meaningful individuality and involves the fallacy of equating group-level data with person-specific changes. We used an intensive longitudinal design to study idiographic executive function fluctuation among ten boys from Grade 4. Each of the participants completed between 33 and 43 measurement occasions (<i>M</i> = 38.8) across approximately three months. Data were collected remotely using a computerized short version of the Dimensional Change Card Sort task. Multi-group analyses of three participant pairs (Participants 5 and 3, 5 and 2, and 5 and 6) demonstrated that Participant 5 differed from Participants 3 and 2 in different ways but Participants 5 and 6 were similar in all comparisons. Dynamic structural equation modeling demonstrated unique individual trajectories, which were not represented by the trajectory of group-averages. Although more than half of the participants showed a negative association between EFs and inattention, two participants showed a positive association between EF and inattention. This study demonstrated meaningful person-specific trajectories of EFs, suggesting that future study should undertake the analysis of individual development before data-aggregation or generalization from aggregate statistics to individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":36744,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Person-Oriented Research","volume":" ","pages":"73-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7869624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25355453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profiling a Spectrum of Mental Job Demands and their Linkages to Employee Outcomes.","authors":"Saija Mauno, Jaana Minkkinen","doi":"10.17505/jpor.2020.22046","DOIUrl":"10.17505/jpor.2020.22046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Working life is becoming more mentally demanding and intense due to technological acceleration. The present study explored employees' experiences of different mental job demands (MJDs) and their outcomes (job burnout, job performance, and meaning of work). We focused on intra- and inter-individual variations and possible harmful combinations of MJDs, which we explored via latent profile analysis (LPA). To identify harmful combinations of MJDs, we also investigated how the profiles of MJDs related to the outcomes of interest. The study was based on a diverse sample of Finnish employees (n = 4,583). LPA showed that both intra-individual and inter-individual variation characterized MJDs as we identified five latent profiles of MJDs. The most harmful profile, which predicted the most negative outcomes (particularly job burnout), was characterized by employees' scoring high on all MJDs. A profile characterized by low learning demands and moderate level of other MJDs was also a harmful combination in terms of outcomes. In contrast, a profile characterized by moderate level of learning demands and low level of other MJDs did not relate to negative outcomes. Altogether, the findings suggest that different MJDs may co-occur implying risks to employee well-being and performance. However, MJDs simultaneously form a complex spectrum that may differ within and between individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":36744,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Person-Oriented Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"55-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7842612/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25355452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rank-Order of Body Shapes Reveals Internal Hierarchy of Body Image.","authors":"Revital Naor-Ziv, Rose King, Joseph Glicksohn","doi":"10.17505/jpor.2020.22044","DOIUrl":"10.17505/jpor.2020.22044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>How do individuals rank body shapes? Does this relate to the body part one is most dissatisfied with? Our study investigates whether one can generalize regarding how women represent the body. Three BMI-calibrated images from the Photographic Figure Rating Scale, representative of thin (BMI = 14.72), medium (BMI = 20.33), and large (BMI = 29.26) shapes, were divided into torso, legs and arms, and saved as individual images on a black background. Of 27 possible composite images, 8 were chosen based on a Torso (thin vs. large) × Leg (thin/large vs. medium) × Arm (thin vs. large) design. Our 44 female participants ordered these from thinnest to largest. This was first according to torso, then leg, and finally arm: 41 individuals agreed on the thinnest image (thin torso, thin legs, thin arms), followed by a second image (thin torso, thin legs, large arms, n = 26; or thin torso, medium legs, thin arms, n = 10). One participant differed markedly in her choice of the first image (large torso, medium legs, thin arms). Interestingly, she scored 10 on the EDI-2 scale of Bulimic Tendencies, revealing high risk for bulimia, suggesting that our task might be useful for studying eating disorders. Our juxtaposition of two analytic procedures-partial order scalogram analysis (POSAC) and cluster analysis-enables one to uncover such outliers in a data set. Importantly, the 2D POSAC space clearly reveals the hierarchical structure of the body image.</p>","PeriodicalId":36744,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Person-Oriented Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"28-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7842620/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25355450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Autonomy Always Beneficial for Work Engagement? A Six-year Four-Wave Follow-Up Study.","authors":"Piia Seppälä,&nbsp;Anne Mäkikangas,&nbsp;Jari J Hakanen,&nbsp;Asko Tolvanen,&nbsp;Taru Feldt","doi":"10.17505/jpor.2020.22043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17505/jpor.2020.22043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Work engagement is expected to result from job resources such as autonomy. However, previous results have yielded that the autonomy-work engagement relationship is not always particularly strong. Whereas previous longitudinal studies have examined this relationship as an average at a specific point in time, this study examined whether this relationship is different within individuals from one time to another over the years. Furthermore, experiences of work engagement are expected to affect how employees benefit from autonomy, but no studies have so far investigated whether the initial level of work engagement affects the autonomy-work engagement relationship. This study aimed to first identify the different kinds of longitudinal relationship patterns between autonomy and work engagement, and then to investigate whether the identified relationship patterns differ in terms of the initial mean level of work engagement. The four-wave study was conducted among Finnish managers (<i>n</i> = 329) over a period of six years. Multilevel regression mixture analysis identified five relationship patterns. Four of the patterns showed a positive predictive relationship between autonomy and work engagement. However, the relationship was statistically significant in only one of these patterns. Furthermore, when the initial mean level of work engagement was high, autonomy related more strongly to work engagement. However, an atypical pattern was identified that showed a negative association between autonomy and work engagement. In this pattern, the mean level of work engagement was low. Consequently, autonomy may not always enhance work engagement; sometimes this relationship may even be negative.</p>","PeriodicalId":36744,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Person-Oriented Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"16-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7842623/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25355466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Warning Signals Based on Momentary Affect Dynamics can Expose Nearby Transitions in Depression: A Confirmatory Single-Subject Time-Series Study.","authors":"Marieke Wichers,&nbsp;Arnout C Smit,&nbsp;Evelien Snippe","doi":"10.17505/jpor.2020.22042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17505/jpor.2020.22042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In complex systems early warning signals such as rising autocorrelation, variance and network connectivity are hypothesized to anticipate relevant shifts in a system. For direct evidence hereof in depression, designs are needed in which early warning signals and symptom transitions are prospectively assessed within an individual. Therefore, this study aimed to detect personalized early warning signals preceding the occurrence of a major symptom transition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six single-subject time-series studies were conducted, collecting frequent observations of momentary affective states during a time-period when participants were at increased risk of a symptom transition. Momentary affect states were reported three times a day over three to six months (95-183 days). Depressive symptoms were measured weekly using the Symptom CheckList-90. Presence of sudden symptom transitions was assessed using change point analysis. Early warning signals were analysed using moving window techniques.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As change point analysis revealed a significant and sudden symptom transition in one participant in the studied period, early warning signals were examined in this person. Autocorrelation (<i>r</i>=0·51; <i>p</i><2.2e^-16), and variance (<i>r</i>=0·53; <i>p</i><2.2e^-16) in 'feeling down', and network connectivity (<i>r</i>=0·42; <i>p</i><2.2e^-16) significantly increased a month before this transition occurred. These early warnings also preceded the rise in absolute levels of 'feeling down' and the participant's personal indication of risk for transition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study replicated the findings of a previous study and confirmed the presence of rising early warning signals a month before the symptom transition occurred. Results show the potential of early warning signals to improve personalized risk assessment in the field of psychiatry.</p>","PeriodicalId":36744,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Person-Oriented Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7842626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25355465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Bad Start: The Combined Effects of Early Onset Substance Use and ADHD and CD on Criminality Patterns, Substance Abuse and Psychiatric Comorbidity among Young Violent Offenders.","authors":"Malin Hildebrand Karlén,&nbsp;Thomas Nilsson,&nbsp;Märta Wallinius,&nbsp;Eva Billstedt,&nbsp;Björn Hofvander","doi":"10.17505/jpor.2020.22045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17505/jpor.2020.22045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Substance abuse, conduct disorder (CD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are all known risk factors for developing aggressive behaviors, criminality, other psychiatric comorbidity and substance use disorders (SUD). Since early age of onset is important for aggravating the impact of several of these risk factors, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether young adult violent offenders with different patterns of early onset externalizing problems (here: substance use < age 15, ADHD, CD) had resulted in different criminality profiles, substance use problem profiles and psychiatric comorbidity in young adult age. A mixed-method approach was used, combining a variable-oriented approach (with Kruskal Wallis tests) and a person-oriented approach (with Configural frequency analysis). Overall, this combined approach indicated that persons with combined ADHD+CD and persons with CD + early onset of substance use had a more varied history of violent crimes, a more comprehensive history of aggressive behaviors in general, and more psychiatric comorbidity, as well as more varied SUD and destructive substance abuse in adult age, than persons without ADHD, CD or early SU. Results are in line with previous variable-oriented research, but also indicate that individuals in this group with heavy problem aggregation early in life have a wider spectrum of problems in young adult age. Importantly, among these young violent offenders, problem aggregation was the overwhelming norm, and not the exception, as in studies of the general population. This emphasizes the need for early coordinated interventions, but also that treatment within correctional facilities in adult age needs to be comprehensive and take individual patterns of comorbidity into account.</p>","PeriodicalId":36744,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Person-Oriented Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"39-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7842615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25355451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Doing\" mindsets in the classroom: A coding scheme for teacher and student mindset-related verbalizations.","authors":"Naomi M P de Ruiter,&nbsp;Katja N van der Klooster,&nbsp;Sander Thomaes","doi":"10.17505/jpor.2020.22404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17505/jpor.2020.22404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a growing body of research showing the crucial role that students' <i>growth</i> versus <i>fixed ability-mindsets</i> have in their school achievement, enjoyment, and resilience. The overwhelming majority of this research adopts a variable-oriented approach. As a result, little is known about how teachers and students coregulate each other's mindsets within classroom interactions. This manuscript addresses the need for more person-oriented research that examines how teachers and students <i>do</i> mindsets in naturalistic settings, i.e., their mindsetrelated verbalizations. In this manuscript, we provide a coding scheme to study the moment-to-moment dynamics of mindset-related verbalizations of both teachers and students within Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) contexts: The STEAM (Student-TEAcherMindset) coding scheme. We demonstrate the utility of the coding system through content and ecological validity, inter-rater reliability, and a case study of STEAM-generated time-series data. We show how these data can be used to chart moment-to-moment dynamics that occur between teacher and student. The coding scheme provides teachers and researchers with a practical tool for analyzing how person-specific mindset-related language can wax and wane in the context of peer and teacher interactions within STEM lessons.</p>","PeriodicalId":36744,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Person-Oriented Research","volume":"6 2","pages":"103-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7871171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10639748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}