Campbell Systematic Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Protocol: Effectiveness of Online Distance Education on Learning Outcomes Among K-12 Students: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Junjie Ren, Zhipeng Wei, Chunyan Liu, Xiaoling Hu, Lingxia Zhao, Howard White, Liping Guo, Kehu Yang","doi":"10.1177/18911803261435888","DOIUrl":"10.1177/18911803261435888","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows: To evaluate the effectiveness of online distance education compared to other approaches on K-12 students' academic performance; to evaluate the effectiveness of online distance education compared to other approaches on K-12 students' non-academic performance, including classroom participation, learning interest, learning pressure, social skills and social isolation, and; to evaluate the potential moderators between online distance education and students' performance and other outcomes, such as grade, country, subject, study duration, teaching content and methods, and family circumstances.</p>","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"22 2","pages":"18911803261435888"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13170437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148228591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protocol: Effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence-Based Psychotherapy in Treating Mental Disorders.","authors":"Amit Kumar Soni, Vinit Kumar Singh, Mohit Kumar","doi":"10.1177/18911803261439274","DOIUrl":"10.1177/18911803261439274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objective is as follows: to assess the effectiveness of artificial intelligence-based psychotherapeutic interventions for individuals formally diagnosed with mental disorders. In addition to evaluating overall psychological outcomes, the review will explore how intervention effects vary by country, AI architecture, underlying psychotherapeutic model, involvement of human therapists, and targeted diagnostic category.</p>","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"22 2","pages":"18911803261439274"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13251845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148228647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of Bias in Experiments, Quasi-Experiments and Natural Experiments Across Disciplines: Discussion Paper and Assessment Framework.","authors":"Hugh Sharma Waddington, David B Wilson, Terri Pigott, Ariel M Aloe, Peter Tugwell, Vivian Welch, Gavin Stewart","doi":"10.1177/18911803261435894","DOIUrl":"10.1177/18911803261435894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The evidence we provide to support decision-making should be rigorously appraised so that the findings are shown to be valuable. We discuss the risk of bias in impact evaluations on social and natural science topics - that is, studies using a variety of experimental, quasi-experimental and natural experimental approaches to quantify the causal effect of an intervention, program or policy on an outcome of interest. Existing tools to facilitate evaluation of the risk of bias are usually conceptualized to assess either randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or non-randomized studies of interventions, often called quasi-experimental designs (QEDs) or natural experimental evaluations, but not both. The tools do not adequately reflect how common sources of bias might be addressed in impact evaluations in the social and natural sciences, or the bias sources particular to certain types of design, such as participant reactivity to researcher observation in a trial, or when modelling incorporates known selection mechanisms other than randomization, such as subversion of the assignment rule in a discontinuity design. We present a heuristic to assist reviewers in assessing the confidence in causal inferences. Our approach emphasizes four common sources of bias across RCTs, QEDs and natural experiments - the equivalence of groups, the fidelity of study conditions, the adequacy of measurement, and the reporting of analyses - and we provide signaling questions to evaluate these sources of bias for particular types of study. The approach should be adapted to suit interventions and review topics of interest.</p>","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"22 2","pages":"18911803261435894"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13170436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148228646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROTOCOL: Experiences & Impacts of Racism During Medical School: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Karan Varshney, Mariyah Hoosenally, Jacqueline Rusnak, Charlie Ho, Damian Bradley, Hannah-Lee Obst","doi":"10.1177/18911803261435890","DOIUrl":"10.1177/18911803261435890","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives of the present review are to answer the following questions: (1) To what extent to medical students experience racism in educational/clinical settings? (2) What are the impacts of racism for medical students in educational/clinical settings?</p>","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"22 2","pages":"18911803261435890"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13170428/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148228615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protocol: Psychological Factors of Financial Planning for Retirement in Working-Age Adults: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Zafira Rahmania Nur Shabrina, Olaf Simonse, Lotte F van Dillen, Wilco W van Dijk, Mirre Stallen","doi":"10.1177/18911803261437805","DOIUrl":"10.1177/18911803261437805","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is a protocol for a scoping review. The main objective is to understand what has been reported in the literature about the psychological factors that play a role in financial planning for retirement. The secondary objectives include: (a) examining the occupational groups that have been the focus of prior studies; (b) investigating how financial planning for retirement has been defined and measured; (c) mapping the types of decision-making and behaviors within financial planning for retirement that have been the focus of prior research; (d) identifying the geographical regions studied in relation to the psychology of retirement financial planning; and (e) determining the predominant publication types in this field (e.g., scientific journals, governmental reports). This review will incorporate both peer-reviewed publications and grey literature. The findings will provide valuable insights for policymakers and financial institutions to develop targeted interventions, while also identifying research gaps that can guide future studies to refine approaches and explore understudied areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"22 2","pages":"18911803261437805"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13170432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148228663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROTOCOL: The Value of Rural Provider-To-Provider Telehealth for Emergency and Inpatient Care: An Evidence and Gap Map.","authors":"Kaylie Toll, Danika Jurat, Stephen Andrew, Aled Williams, Justin Yeung, Zaheerah Haywood, Amy Cole, Richard Varhol, Suzanne Robinson, Joanna C Moullin","doi":"10.1177/18911803261438702","DOIUrl":"10.1177/18911803261438702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is the protocol for a Campbell evidence and gap map. The aim is to identify and describe the available evidence on Rural Provider-to-Provider Telehealth (RPPT) used in emergency and inpatient healthcare in rural and remote settings, and to categorise reported outcomes according to the domains of the Model for Assessment of Telemedicine Applications (MAST) framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"22 2","pages":"18911803261438702"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13170435/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148228641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROTOCOL: Primary Interventions for Preventing Cognitive and Behavioral Radicalization: An Evidence and Gap Map.","authors":"Kieren Aris, Meriem Rebbani, Joshua Freilich","doi":"10.1177/18911803261438704","DOIUrl":"10.1177/18911803261438704","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is the protocol for a Campbell evidence and gap map. The objective of this map is to systematically synthesize evidence on primary interventions for preventing cognitive and behavioral radicalization published between 2000 and 2025. It will categorize interventions by target population, intervention type, and outcomes. The EGM will indicate the quality of available evidence, identifying clusters and gaps to inform future research priorities, resource allocation, and Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism (P/CVE) programming.</p>","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"22 2","pages":"18911803261438704"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13170433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148228638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROTOCOL: Evidence and Gap Map of Climate Change Adaptation Interventions for Enhancing Food Security and Livelihood in Sub-Saharan Africa.","authors":"David Sarfo Ameyaw, Kwadwo Danso-Mensah, Joseph Clottey, Clarice Panyin Nyan, Sheila Agyemang Oppong, Miriam Oppong, Nana Esi Badu-Ansah, Desmond Kaledzi, Isaac Letsa, Symphorien Agbahoungba","doi":"10.1177/18911803261439101","DOIUrl":"10.1177/18911803261439101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This protocol outlines the development of an evidence and gap map focused on climate change adaptation interventions aimed at improving food security and livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa. The map will assist users in assessing the size and quality of the existing evidence base, inform strategic program development, and identify gaps for future research. It will include studies published from the year 2000, encompassing systematic reviews, experimental and non-experimental designs, and modelling studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"22 1","pages":"18911803261439101"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13170430/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148228230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROTOCOL: Comparative Effectiveness of Tools for Communicating Health Research Results to Study Participants and Others With Relevant Lived Experience: A Living Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Elsa-Lynn Nassar, Claire E Adams, Danielle B Rice, Amanda Wurz, Annabelle South, Jill Boruff, Meira Golberg, Marie-Eve Carrier, Susan J Bartlett, Katie Gillies, Agnes Kocher, Linda Kwakkenbos, Mwidimi Ndosi, Matthew R Sydes, Andrea Benedetti, Brett D Thombs","doi":"10.1177/18911803261435896","DOIUrl":"10.1177/18911803261435896","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Research results are often not effectively communicated to study participants or others with relevant lived experience. Effective communication of research results would help study participants understand their contribution to research and could improve trust in research and likelihood of research participation. We aim to conduct a living (i.e., regularly updated) systematic review to assess the comparative effectiveness of communication tools for disseminating research results to study participants or others with relevant lived experience. Our primary objectives are to evaluate (1) overall satisfaction with the communication of study results, defined as how well the tool met participants' expectations and needs; (2) understanding of the study results, assessed through self-reported (e.g., perceived understanding) or objective measures (e.g., multiple-choice questions about study findings); and (3) ease of use, including clarity of language and navigability of the tool. Secondary objectives, including subgroup analyses will also be undertaken. <b>Methods:</b> Eligible studies will be randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compare 2 or more communication tools for disseminating research results to people who participate in health research studies or others with relevant lived experience. Eligible tools will include, but will not be limited to, plain-language or lay summaries, infographics, visual abstracts, news articles or newsletters, comics, podcasts, study-specific websites, brochures, summary sheets, videos, leaflets, cartoons, and reports. Eligible comparators will include tools not specifically designed for study participants or others with relevant lived experience (e.g., scientific article, abstract) or another eligible tool. We will search MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central. Automated searches will be set for monthly updates. Two independent reviewers screen, extract, and assess risk in identified studies. Meta-analyses will be considered if ≥ 2 eligible RCTs assess the effectiveness of similar tools and report comparable outcomes in similar populations. <b>Discussion:</b> Findings will inform decisions on how to most effectively share research results with study participants and others with relevant lived experience. <b>Registration:</b> PROSPERO (CRD42024463844).</p>","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"22 1","pages":"18911803261435896"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13170426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148227857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Criminal Justice Interventions for Countering Cognitive and Behavioural Radicalisation Amongst Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Effectiveness and Implementation: A Systematic Review","authors":"James Lewis,&nbsp;Sarah Marsden,&nbsp;James Hewitt,&nbsp;Chloe Squires,&nbsp;Anna Stefaniak","doi":"10.1002/cl2.70079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.70079","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Growing numbers of young people are encountering the counter-terrorism system. This international trend raises important questions about the effectiveness of efforts to prevent and counter childhood and adolescent radicalisation. This review examines the effectiveness and implementation of interventions designed to counter cognitive and behavioural radicalisation amongst children and adolescents up to 19 years of age. It examines secondary and tertiary interventions working with at-risk and radicalised youth outside the criminal justice system. This focus reflects the growing recognition that diverting young people away from the criminal justice system helps mitigate the risks of securitisation, criminalisation, and stigmatisation. This review sought to answer three research questions: (1) Are secondary and tertiary interventions delivered outside of the criminal justice system effective at countering the cognitive and behavioural radicalisation of children and adolescents? (2) Are secondary and tertiary interventions delivered outside of the criminal justice system being implemented as intended? (3) What factors influence how interventions working with children and adolescents outside of the criminal justice system are implemented? Studies were identified through electronic searches of 20 academic and 50 grey literature sources; hand searches of academic journals and clinical trial repositories; forward and backward citation searches; and consultation with academic experts. Studies published after 2000 in English were eligible for inclusion. Searches of academic and grey literature sources were conducted in August and September 2024, respectively, with all remaining searches completed by December 2024. Studies had to report on secondary or tertiary interventions or prevention work outside of the criminal justice system (i.e., outside of correctional, custodial, or probation contexts) that sought to counter cognitive and behavioural radicalisation, often referred to as countering violent extremism (CVE) programming. Three types of interventions were included: (1) those designed for children and adolescents; (2) those working with children and adolescents as part of wider cohorts, provided a significant proportion of clients were aged 19 or under, or that provided insights specific to children and adolescents; or (3) those working with youth (or young people), broadly defined. Experimental or stronger quasi-experimental research designs were eligible for inclusion in the assessment of effectiveness (Objective I). Inclusion criteria for the assessment of implementation (Objective II) and of implementation factors (Objective III) were broader, and included non-experimental quantitative designs and qualitative research. The corpus of evidence was screened by trained reviewers, guided by screening tools, across a title/abstract and full-text screening phase. Data were extracted using a piloted tool to capture key information on each included study.","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"21 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cl2.70079","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145887761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}