Campbell Systematic Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Interventions to Promote Inclusive Governance for Underserved Populations in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Evidence and Gap Map.","authors":"Clarice Panyin Nyan, Takyiwaa Manuh, Sheila Agyemang Oppong, Miriam Oppong, Isaac Letsa, Nana Esi Badu-Ansah, David Sarfo Ameyaw","doi":"10.1177/18911803261448216","DOIUrl":"10.1177/18911803261448216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inclusive governance ensures that institutions, policies, and practices allow marginalized and underserved groups to participate meaningfully in decision-making at all levels. It is defined by equitable participation, transparency, accountability, responsiveness, and effectiveness. Historically, women, youth, ethnic minorities, persons with disabilities, and low-income rural and urban populations have faced exclusion due to structural inequalities and weak institutions, resulting in poverty, disempowerment, and social unrest. However, inclusive governance fosters peace, empowerment, and economic growth. In sub-Saharan Africa, it is a key priority in Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 16 and Agenda 2063, although interventions have yielded mixed results. Therefore, it is essential to enhance the discoverability of research on these interventions.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To map evidence on inclusive governance interventions for underserved populations in sub-Saharan Africa.</p><p><strong>Search methods: </strong>In 2024, the following databases were searched, limited to English language results: CAB Abstract, Web of Science, Dimensions, and Scopus. Additionally, gray literature sources, including organizational databases, Google Scholar, and registries, were utilized.</p><p><strong>Selection criteria: </strong>Two reviewers independently screened the titles, abstracts, and full texts of potentially eligible articles for inclusion based on the outlined eligibility criteria.</p><p><strong>Data collection and analysis: </strong>We developed and pilot-tested a data extraction tool in EPPI-Reviewer, where data was extracted and coded individually. We did not assess the quality of the reviews, as there were none available, nor did we evaluate the quality of the primary studies.</p><p><strong>Main results: </strong>A total of 88 articles (all primary studies) were included in this Evidence and Gap Map which assessed the interventions for underserved populations aimed at inclusive governance. Most studies looked at CSO's advocacy, and public policy and government agencies interventions. Civic participation, and movement and coalitions, & CSO's activities and achievement were the most studies outcomes leading to inclusive governance. Most research was conducted in Eastern Africa, particularly in Kenya and Uganda. Major gaps were identified in access to information and capacity building initiatives interventions, in addition to use of key government information as an outcome that address inclusive governance. Most of the evidence relies on non-experimental studies, and we could not identify any experimental or systematic review studies, highlighting a significant gap for future research.</p><p><strong>Authors’ conclusions: </strong>The Evidence and Gap Map (EGM) consolidates and enhances the visibility of research on inclusive governance interventions, providing a single, accessible resource for policymakers, resea","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"22 2","pages":"18911803261448216"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13188833/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148228658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROTOCOL: Financial Literacy Programmes for the Ageing Population: An Evidence and Gap Map.","authors":"Carina Fernandes, Isabel Silva, Inês Gomes","doi":"10.1177/18911803261450613","DOIUrl":"10.1177/18911803261450613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is the protocol for a Campbell evidence and gap map. The objectives are as follows: to identify and describe the available evidence on interventions designed to improve financial literacy, digital financial skills, financial decision-making, and resilience to fraud and abuse among older adults; map the scope and focus of existing research, including the type of interventions implemented, target populations, delivery modalities, and contextual factors; assess the quality of the types of evidence available, including randomised and non-randomised controlled trials, as well as qualitative studies exploring the effectiveness and acceptability of financial literacy interventions; identify evidence clusters where sufficient studies exist to support further synthesis (e.g., systematic reviews or meta-analyses) and highlight evidence gaps where additional primary research is most needed, and; provide a structured and accessible resource for policymakers, practitioners, researchers, and advocacy groups to inform the design, adaptation, and implementation of financial literacy programmes for older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"22 2","pages":"18911803261450613"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13170434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148228640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Information Specialist Roles in the Era of Large Language Models: Prompting Continued Professional Development.","authors":"Hannah O'Keefe, Claire H Eastaugh, Sheila A Wallace, Fiona R Beyer","doi":"10.1177/18911803261449731","DOIUrl":"10.1177/18911803261449731","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prompt engineering is the formation of queries or instructions (prompts) that are deployed in large language models. These prompts are often underscored by frameworks, designed to give structure and encourage robust answers. Discussions in recent information specialists' networks and events have highlighted on multiple occasions that information specialists are well placed to undertake prompt engineering tasks. However, there is little published information outlining why and how information specialists are best placed for these tasks and the universal understanding between information specialists has not filtered out to the wider research synthesis community so progress in this area is slow. Here, we discuss the parallels between information specialist tasks and large language model engineering tasks and demonstrate that the parallels run deeper than just prompts. There are strong similarities between information retrieval and context engineering, prompt engineering and vibing. In the briefest sense, we can consider context engineering to be like a search platform, prompt engineering like a structured search strategy, and vibe coding like a search engine input. Knowledge sharing and dissemination of these core concepts amongst information specialists and research synthesists will drive methods development, particularly with the rise of large language models in synthesis automation, give potential for continual professional development courses and e-learning to be developed, and expand the roles of information specialists. To initiate progress in this area, we discuss the anticipated future direction of information specialist roles.</p>","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"22 2","pages":"18911803261449731"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13270033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148273223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financial Coaching for Enhancing Household Finances and Health/Well-Being: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Julie Birkenmaier, Hannah Shanks, Brandy Maynard, Elizabeth Greer","doi":"10.1177/18911803261435898","DOIUrl":"10.1177/18911803261435898","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Financial stress is a widespread and significant problem in the U.S., affecting a variety of populations. The long-term health/well-being effects of financial stress are well-documented (Shippee et al., 2012). The health problems associated with inadequate income are one of the social determinants of health, which refers to a broad range of social and environmental conditions that affect health/well-being (Francis et al., 2018; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, n.d). Financial stress is also a result of financial exploitation, and a growing public policy and public health concern. In response to financial stress and financial exploitation, the intervention of financial coaching is growing in popularity. However, the effectiveness of financial coaching on financial and health outcomes is unclear.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;The purpose of this review was to inform policy and practice relevant to financial coaching by analyzing and synthesizing empirical evidence related to its financial outcomes and secondarily, to its health outcomes. The primary objectives of this review were to answer the following research questions:1. What is the extent and quality of financial coaching intervention research?2. What are the effects on financial outcomes of financial coaching embedded within community settings?3. What are the effects on financial outcomes of financial coaching embedded within healthcare settings?4. What are the effects on health/well-being-related outcomes of financial coaching embedded within community settings?5. What are the effects on health/well-being-related outcomes of financial coaching embedded within healthcare settings?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Search methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We conducted a comprehensive search for published and gray literature in September 2024. We searched for and retrieved published studies from Google, Google Scholar, and 10 Electronic databases. We also searched seven relevant websites and three trial registries for registered studies. We harvested from the reference lists of included studies and conducted forward citation searching using Google Scholar. Lastly, we contacted the first authors of the 11 included studies and requested information about unpublished studies, studies in progress, and published studies potentially missed in the other search activities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Selection criteria: &lt;/strong&gt;Studies eligible for this review met the following criteria. First, studies must have used a prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT) or quasi-experimental (QED) research design with parallel cohorts. Second, studies must have involved an intervention that provided financial coaching. Third, the study must explicitly discuss two of three criteria in their financial coaching intervention: a. client-led goal setting; b. action planning; and c. progress monitoring by the coach. Fourth, the studies must be focused on financial coaching for personal, rather than business, finan","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"22 2","pages":"18911803261435898"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13269953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148273232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Weight Gain in Forensic Psychiatric Care: A Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Justine Anthony, Joseph Marcel-Davies, Maria Goodwin","doi":"10.1177/18911803261449718","DOIUrl":"10.1177/18911803261449718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is a protocol for a Campbell Systematic Review. The objective of this paper is to report a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis aiming to synthesise and evaluate the evidence on the determinants of weight gain within forensic psychiatric care. This protocol has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024586403) and developed in accordance with the PRISMA-P guidelines. Based on the Population, Exposure, Outcome framework, our study will explore demographic, behavioural, psychological, environmental, and pharmacological determinants of weight gain for individuals within forensic inpatient care. We will include adults within forensic inpatient mental health settings and synthesise data on any variable that is measured in accordance with weight gain. Quality of studies will be assessed by the relevant JBI tool. Screening will be undertaken independently by two reviewers, with a third reviewer available to address discrepancies. Data will be extracted using a standardised data extraction tool. Both screening and data extraction will be preceded by a piloting process to ensure consistency between reviewers. This will be the first study to synthesise the evidence and advance understanding of the determinants of weight gain within inpatient settings. The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis will have important implications for the design and development of weight management interventions within services offering inpatient forensic psychiatric care.</p>","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"22 2","pages":"18911803261449718"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13270023/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148273242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROTOCOL: Advancing Agent Networks and Merchant Payments for Financial Inclusion in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs): An Evidence and Gap Map.","authors":"David Sarfo Ameyaw, Sheila Agyemang Oppong, Peter Quartey, Kwadwo Danso-Mensah, Miriam Oppong, Nana Esi Badu-Ansah, Daniel Osarfo, Aisha Adam, Clarice Panyin Nyan, Hannah Afra Darkwah, Isaac Lesta","doi":"10.1177/18911803261447821","DOIUrl":"10.1177/18911803261447821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This Evidence and Gap Map (EGM) protocol aims to systematically identify, map, and synthesize the existing evidence on supply-side interventions that strengthen agent networks and merchant payment systems for advancing financial inclusion in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Specifically, the EGM will: (1) identify clusters of evidence that present opportunities for further evidence synthesis, including systematic reviews, and (2) highlight critical evidence gaps where additional primary research and evaluations are needed. By organizing evidence across intervention types, outcome domains, and study designs, the EGM will provide a comprehensive and accessible overview of what is known about the development of agent networks and merchant payment ecosystems. The findings will support evidence-informed decision-making by policymakers, regulators, funders, and practitioners seeking to strengthen inclusive and resilient digital financial service delivery systems in LMICs.</p>","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"22 2","pages":"18911803261447821"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13170429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148228637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Selective Reporting Biases in Studies Included in Campbell Systematic Reviews: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Julia H Littell, Jeffrey C Valentine, Dennis M Gorman, Therese D Pigott","doi":"10.1177/18911803261435892","DOIUrl":"10.1177/18911803261435892","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Critical appraisal of the studies included in a systematic review is essential to ensure that results of the review are properly interpreted. Critical appraisal is also one of the most difficult steps in research reviews. Structured risk of bias (ROB) tools can facilitate critical appraisal, but these tools vary in content and structure, and there are unresolved issues in applications of these tools. Assessment of risk of reporting biases, such as outcome reporting bias (ORB) and analysis reporting bias (ARB), is especially difficult, given the lack of availability of the raw materials (such as prospectively registered protocols or analysis plans) needed to properly assess the risk of selective reporting and selective non-reporting of outcomes and analyses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;To identify methods used in recent Campbell systematic reviews of intervention effects to assess the risk of selective reporting biases in included studies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Search methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We searched the Campbell Library website, using a structured online form developed for this purpose, with filters for publication dates (all dates in 2020 through April 2023) and type of document (completed reviews only).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Selection criteria: &lt;/strong&gt;We included systematic reviews (SRs) of primary studies of intervention effects published in Campbell Systematic Reviews between 1 January 2020 and 30 April 2023.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Data collection and analysis: &lt;/strong&gt;Of the 59 SRs published from 2020 through early 2023, 51 were eligible for our review. Forty-nine of these reviews included relevant studies of intervention effects. From these 49 reviews, we extracted data on methods used to assess risk of reporting biases (ORB and ARB), broader risk of bias (ROB) or study quality assessments, and adherence to 12 mandatory methodological standards. Data extraction and coding were performed in duplicate, by pairs of team members who worked independently, and any discrepancies were resolved by coders or by the review team. Results were compiled in a spreadsheet, which was used to generate tables, graphics, and a narrative summary.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Main results: &lt;/strong&gt;Reporting biases were defined and assessed in diverse and sometimes idiosyncratic ways in recent Campbell systematic reviews of intervention effects. Most (40 of 49) reviews conducted some structured assessment of reporting biases, but many did not report results of these assessments. Explanation and documentation of ORB and ARB assessments was missing in more than half (28) of the reviews. Only 12 reviews provided full documentation for their ORB/ARB assessments.Overall, we found that reviewers' descriptions of their assessments of reporting biases were often incomplete and inconsistent across studies. In many cases, these assessment practices did not reflect current understanding of the prevalence of selective reporting and ways in which these biases can undermine th","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"22 2","pages":"18911803261435892"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13170439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148228407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agronomic Biofortification Strategies to Increase Grain Zinc Concentrations of Wheat, Rice and Maize: A Systematic Review and Network-Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Israel F N Domingos, Marcin Baranski, Zed Rengel, Paul Bilsborrow, Gavin Stewart","doi":"10.1177/18911803261435900","DOIUrl":"10.1177/18911803261435900","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Zinc (Zn) malnutrition is a prevalent micronutrient deficiency that can negatively impact cognitive and physical health, especially among women and children in developing countries. One effective strategy to address low Zn levels in staple cereals (e.g. wheat, rice and maize), which are essential for human health, is Zn biofortification. There are two main approaches to Zn biofortification: genetic biofortification, which involves using the genetics of the crops to increase their Zn content, and agronomic biofortification, which uses zinc-rich fertilizers to boost the Zn levels in the edible parts of the crops. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of agronomic biofortification strategies in increasing grain zinc concentrations in major cereals, specifically wheat, rice, and maize, through a network meta-analysis. Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Scopus, and agricultural journals were searched up to the year of 2017 to identify relevant field trials assessing the impact of Zn fertilisation on grain Zn concentration and yield. The search was updated in 2020. Eligible studies were those focusing on wheat, rice, and maize, field-based, addressing Zn fertilisation research question, where grain Zn concentration served as the primary outcome and grain yield as a secondary outcome. Data were extracted and assessed for quality of evidence in the included studies. Outcome data was limited to grain Zn concentration and grain yield. Pairwise and network meta-analysis for direct and indirect comparisons of Zn fertilisation methods were performed. This review summarises evidence from 44 independent field-based studies related to zinc (Zn) fertilisation, of which 27 focused on wheat, 13 on rice, and 4 on maize. These studies involved different application methods, including soil, foliar, and combined soil + foliar Zn fertilisation, compared against control groups with no Zn fertilisation. The design of the studies was randomised blocks, typically with three or four replicates. In total, 21 studies evaluated the effectiveness of soil, foliar, and combined soil + foliar Zn fertilisation methods against a control, while 15 studies focused solely on foliar application comparisons against control groups. The review highlights the prevalence of foliar Zn studies and the few instances of comparisons involving combined fertilization methods. The risk of bias in the included studies is mostly low. Soil + foliar Zn fertilisation significantly increases grain Zn concentration in wheat by 28.7 mg/kg [95%-CI: 22.77 to 34.53], while the increase is smaller for rice (6.8 mg/kg [95%-CI: 5.3 to 8.22]) and maize (7.9 mg/kg [95%-CI: 6.83 to 8.91]). Foliar Zn fertilisation also increases Zn concentration, reaching up to 18.0 mg/kg [95%-CI: 14.26 to 21.79] in wheat, 6.7 mg/kg [95%-CI: 3.25 to 10.04] in rice, and 7.6 mg/kg [95%-CI: 6.51 to 8.75] in maize, although it has minimal effects on grain yields. Conversely, soil Zn fertilisation results in a lowe","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"22 2","pages":"18911803261435900"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13170438/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148228425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROTOCOL: Life Skills Education and Psychosocial Interventions for Anxiety and Depression in Forcibly Displaced Persons in LMICs: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Andem Effiong Etim Duke, Bala Isa Harri, Raquel Crider, Linda Liebenberg, Rita Orji, Ejemai Eboreime","doi":"10.1177/18911803261442234","DOIUrl":"10.1177/18911803261442234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is the protocol for a Campbell review. Amid the cumulative burden of conflict-induced displacement in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), forcibly displaced persons often experience profound social and material adversity and limited access to mental health care. Life skills education (LSE) and psychosocial interventions may help mitigate anxiety and depression symptoms in low-resource humanitarian settings. Nonetheless, decision makers still require robust evidence on their effectiveness for depression and anxiety outcomes in forcibly displaced populations in LMICs. Our primary research question is: Among forcibly displaced persons in LMICs, what is the effectiveness of life skills education and psychosocial interventions, compared with inactive, usual care, or active control conditions, in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety? Our secondary research question is: What is the extent and completeness of sex and gender reporting in included studies, including how sex and gender are defined or measured and whether outcomes are reported or analyzed by sex or gender? The review will include refugees, asylum seekers, and internally displaced persons aged 13 years and older and will synthesize evidence from controlled studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"22 2","pages":"18911803261442234"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13170431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148228645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community-Based Interventions for Initiating Early End-of-Life Conversations in Nonterminally Ill Adults: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Yong Yi Tan, Shuning Fu, Khi Yung Fong, Samuel Miny, Pin Sym Foong, Noreen Cheng Chan Guek, Gerald Choon Huat Koh, Mervyn Jun Rui Lim","doi":"10.1177/18911803261435899","DOIUrl":"10.1177/18911803261435899","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;End-of-life (EOL) conversations offer individuals opportunities for consideration of future treatment options with accordance to their values and wishes, helping maintain autonomy and dignity in the eventual dying process. While there exists multiple reports in the international literature focusing on community-based interventions for initiating early advanced care planning (ACP) conversations and EOL planning behaviors in non-terminally ill adults, the effects of these interventions are poorly understood.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide a comprehensive summary of community-based interventions for the initiation of early ACP conversations and EOL planning behaviors that may aid other countries and societies in adopting such implementations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Search methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 30,869 abstracts were identified from CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, PsycINFO and PubMed from their respective dates of inception to 20 July 2025, of which 71 articles were included in the final analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Selection criteria: &lt;/strong&gt;The population of interest were non-terminally ill adults above the age of 18 who were residing in the community at the time of study. The intervention of interest was any community-based intervention with the objective of promoting or educating on EOL and ACP related topics. The comparator was any ongoing education or outreach on EOL and ACP in the community or no intervention at all. The outcome was (1) rate of completion of EOL and ACP-related behaviors and (2) self-reported scores of knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of EOL and ACP.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Data collection and analysis: &lt;/strong&gt;Two investigators independently extracted data for each study, pertaining to the study design, intervention design, baseline characteristics, EOL and ACP-related knowledge, attitude. The quality of studies was appraised in reference to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence checklist. A meta-analysis of standardized mean difference (SMD) was conducted to assess the effectiveness of interventions in improving (1) uptake of EOL and ACP-related behaviors and (2) knowledge, attitudes and perceptions (KAP) towards EOL and ACP.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Main results: &lt;/strong&gt;83 studies consisting of interventions using workshops, 1-to-1 counselling, discussion groups, modified AD, complex methods, distribution of printed or online materials, were included in this study. Community-based EOL interventions were significantly associated with carrying out EOL or ACP-related behaviors (n = 71,489 participants in 19 studies, RR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.42 to 3.53, I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 97%) and more positive perceptions towards EOL and ACP (n = 1,766 participants across 12 studies, SMD = 1.24, 95% CI: 0.42 to 2.06, I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 87%) as compared to usual care. Similar findings were reported for single-arm studies and remai","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"22 2","pages":"18911803261435899"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13170440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148228378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}