Pablo Madriaza, Ghayda Hassan, Sébastien Brouillette-Alarie, Aoudou Njingouo Mounchingam, Loïc Durocher-Corfa, Eugene Borokhovski, David Pickup, Sabrina Paillé
{"title":"Exposure to hate in online and traditional media: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of this exposure on individuals and communities","authors":"Pablo Madriaza, Ghayda Hassan, Sébastien Brouillette-Alarie, Aoudou Njingouo Mounchingam, Loïc Durocher-Corfa, Eugene Borokhovski, David Pickup, Sabrina Paillé","doi":"10.1002/cl2.70018","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cl2.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> The Problem</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>People use social media platforms to chat, search, and share information, express their opinions, and connect with others. But these platforms also facilitate the posting of divisive, harmful, and hateful messages, targeting groups and individuals, based on their race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or political views. Hate content is not only a problem on the Internet, but also on traditional media, especially in places where the Internet is not widely available or in rural areas. Despite growing awareness of the harms that exposure to hate can cause, especially to victims, there is no clear consensus in the literature on what specific impacts this exposure, as bystanders, produces on individuals, groups, and the population at large. Most of the existing research has focused on analyzing the content and the extent of the problem. More research in this area is needed to develop better intervention programs that are adapted to the current reality of hate.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective of this review is to synthesize the empirical evidence on how media exposure to hate affects or is associated with various outcomes for individuals and groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Search Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Searches covered the period up to December 2021 to assess the impact of exposure to hate. The searches were performed using search terms across 20 databases, 51 related websites, the Google search engine, as well as other systematic reviews and related papers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Selection Criteria</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review included any correlational, experimental, and quasi-experimental study that establishes an impact relationship and/or association between exposure to hate in online and traditional media and the resulting consequences on individuals or groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Data Collection and Analysis</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifty-five studies analyzing 101 effect sizes, classified into 43 different outcomes, were identified after the screening process. Initially, effect sizes were calculated based on the type of design and the statistics used in the studies, and then transformed into standardized mean differences. Each outcome was classified following an exhaustive review of the operational constructs present in the studies. These outcomes were grouped into five major dimensions: attitudinal changes, intergroup dynamics, interpersonal behaviors, political beliefs, and psyc","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736891/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
James Lewis, Sarah Marsden, Anna Stefaniak, James Hewitt
{"title":"PROTOCOL: Non-criminal justice interventions for countering cognitive and behavioural radicalisation amongst children and adolescents: A systematic review of effectiveness and implementation","authors":"James Lewis, Sarah Marsden, Anna Stefaniak, James Hewitt","doi":"10.1002/cl2.70020","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cl2.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows. (1) Examine whether secondary and tertiary interventions delivered outside of the criminal justice system are effective at countering the cognitive and behavioural radicalisation of children and adolescents by synthesising evidence relating to relevant primary and secondary outcomes of effectiveness. (2) Examine whether secondary and tertiary interventions delivered outside of the criminal justice system are being implemented as intended by synthesising evidence that captures how interventions are implemented, considering whether they are implemented as expected or in ways that align with their underlying logic. (3) Identify those implementation factors (facilitators and barriers) and moderators that impact how interventions working with children and adolescents are delivered.</p>","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11734190/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Klára Barancová, Jiří Kantor, Martina Fasnerová, Zuzana Svobodová, Miloslav Klugar
{"title":"Protocol: The impact of integrated thematic instruction model on primary and secondary school students compared to standard teaching: A protocol of systematic review","authors":"Klára Barancová, Jiří Kantor, Martina Fasnerová, Zuzana Svobodová, Miloslav Klugar","doi":"10.1002/cl2.70017","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cl2.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows. This systematic review will examine the impact of the Integrated Thematic Instruction (ITI) on academic attainment and other possible outcomes of primary and secondary school students compared to standard teaching. We will seek to answer the following research question: What impact does the ITI/HET teaching has on academic attainment and other possible outcomes of primary and secondary school students compared to standard teaching?</p>","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11663231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bei Pan, Long Ge, Xiaoman Wang, Ning Ma, Zhipeng Wei, Lai Honghao, Liangying Hou, Kehu Yang
{"title":"Assessment of publication time in Campbell Systematic Reviews: A cross-sectional survey","authors":"Bei Pan, Long Ge, Xiaoman Wang, Ning Ma, Zhipeng Wei, Lai Honghao, Liangying Hou, Kehu Yang","doi":"10.1002/cl2.70011","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cl2.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Delayed publication of systematic reviews increases the risk of presenting outdated data. To date, no studies have examined the time and review process from title registration and protocol publication to the final publication of Campbell systematic reviews. This study aims to examine the publication time from protocol to full review publication and the time gap between database searches and full review publication for Campbell systematic reviews. All Campbell systematic reviews in their first published version were included. We searched the Campbell systematic review journals on the Wiley Online Library website to identify all completed studies to date. We manually searched the table of contents of all Campbell systematic reviews to obtain the date of title registration from the journal's website. We used SPSS software to perform the statistical analysis. We used descriptive statistics to report publication times which were calculated stratified by characteristics, including year of review publication, type of reviews, number of authors, difference in authors between protocol and review, and Campbell Review Groups. Non-normal distributed data were reported as medians, interquartile range, and range, and normal distributed data will be reported as mean ± standard deviation. And we also visualized the overall publication time and the distribution of data. Approximately 18% of reviews were published within one to 2 years, faster than the aims set by Campbell systematic review policies and guidelines, which was 2 years. However, more than 40% of the reviews were published more than 2 years after protocol publication. Furthermore, over 50% of included reviews were published with a time gap of more than 2 years after database searches. There was no significant difference between Campbell coordinating groups' median publication times and time gap from searches of databases to full review publication existed. However, the methods group only published one full review with almost a 3-year time gap from searches of databases to review publication. And there was a major difference between specific types of review. Systematic reviews had the longest median publication time of 2.4 years, whereas evidence and gap maps had the lowest median publication time of 13 months. Half of Campbell reviews were published more than 2 years after protocol publication. Furthermore, the median time from protocol publication to review publication varied widely depending on the specific type of review.</p>","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11646485/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction to “Campbell standards: Modernizing Campbell's Methodologic Expectations for Campbell Collaboration Intervention Reviews (MECCIR)”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/cl2.70013","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cl2.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aloe, A. M., Dewidar, O., Hennessy, E. A., Pigott, T., Stewart, G., Welch, V., Wilson, D. B., & Campbell MECCIR Working Group. (2024) Campbell standards: Modernizing Campbell's Methodologic Expectations for Campbell Collaboration Intervention Reviews (MECCIR). <i>Campbell Systematic Reviews</i>, 20, e1445. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.1445</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11636630/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142819634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julie Birkenmaier, Brandy R. Maynard, Hannah Shanks, Elizabeth Greer
{"title":"PROTOCOL: Financial coaching for enhancing household finances and health/well-being: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Julie Birkenmaier, Brandy R. Maynard, Hannah Shanks, Elizabeth Greer","doi":"10.1002/cl2.70012","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cl2.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows. The primary objective of this review is to answer the following research questions: (1) What is the extent of financial coaching intervention research? (2) What are the effects on financial outcomes of financial coaching embedded within community settings? (3) What are the effects on financial outcomes of financial coaching embedded within healthcare settings? (4) What are the effects on health/well-being-related outcomes of financial coaching embedded within community settings? (5) What are the effects on health/well-being-related outcomes of financial coaching embedded within healthcare settings? (6) What study or intervention characteristics are associated with variation in the effects of financial coaching (i.e., design (RCT and QED), publication status (published or unpublished), dosage and duration of financial coaching intervention (continuous variable), age, financial coaching elements, and setting of intervention (healthcare or non-healthcare)?</p>","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11632200/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142814472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jens Dietrichson, Rasmus Klokker, Trine Filges, Elizabeth Bengtsen, Therese D. Pigott
{"title":"Protocol: Machine learning for selecting moderators in meta-analysis: A systematic review of methods and their applications, and an evaluation using data on tutoring interventions","authors":"Jens Dietrichson, Rasmus Klokker, Trine Filges, Elizabeth Bengtsen, Therese D. Pigott","doi":"10.1002/cl2.70009","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cl2.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows: The first objective is to find and describe machine and statistical learning (ML) methods designed for moderator meta-analysis. The second objective is to find and describe applications of such ML methods in moderator meta-analyses of health, medical, and social science interventions. These two parts of the meta-review will primarily involve a systematic review and will be conducted according to guidelines specified by the Campbell Collaboration (MECCIR guidelines). The outcomes will be a list of ML methods that are designed for moderator meta-analysis (first objective), and a description of how (some of) these methods have been applied in the health, medical, and social sciences (second objective). The third objective is to examine how the ML methods identified in the meta-review can help researchers formulate new hypotheses or select among existing ones, and compare the identified methods to one another and to regular meta-regression methods for moderator analysis. To compare the performance of different moderator meta-analysis methods, we will apply the methods to data on tutoring interventions from two systematic reviews of interventions to improve academic achievement for students with or at risk-of academic difficulties, and to an independent test sample of tutoring studies published after the search period in the two reviews.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11632158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142814473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Campbell title registrations to date – August 2024, and discontinued protocols","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/cl2.70015","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cl2.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Details of new titles for systematic reviews or evidence and gap maps that have been accepted by the Editor of a Campbell Coordinating Group are published in each issue of the journal. If you would like to receive a copy of the approved title registration form, please <i>send an email</i> to the Managing Editor of the relevant Coordinating Group.</p><p>A list of discontinued protocols appears below these new titles. If you are interested to continue a project, please get in touch with the Managing Editor of the relevant Coordinating Group or email <span>[email protected]</span>.</p><p>Long distance walking and well-being: A scoping review</p><p>Hind Sabri, Elizabeth Ghogomu, Victoria Barbeau, Tracey Howe, Howard White, Yanfei Li, Qian Liu, Weize Kong, Nina Cruz, Vivian Welch</p><p>6 November 2024</p><p>Effects of long-term care interventions for older adults: An evidence and gap map</p><p>Elizabeth Tanjong-Ghogomu, Nadisha Ratnasekera, Paul Hebert, Vivian Welch</p><p>30 October 2024</p><p>Data pricing: An evidence and gap map</p><p>Yufeng Wen, Yajie Zhou, Liping Guo, Wenjie Zhou, Yueyan Zhao, Weijie Lin,</p><p>4 November 2024</p><p>What are the reasons mothers choose human milk as their method of infant nutrition? A mixed methods systematic review</p><p>Niamh Ryan, Patricia Leahy-Warren, Siobhain O'Mahony, Helen Mulcahy, Lloyd Philpott</p><p>9 October 2024</p><p>Determinants of student well-being and perceived social support in higher education: A systematic literature review</p><p>Dawei Li, Farhana Kamarul Bahrin</p><p>23 September 2024</p><p>The interventions for Youth Employment in China: A country evidence map</p><p>Xiya Shao, Liping Guo, Wenjie Zhou, Yufeng Wen, Weijie Lin, Yueyan Zhao, Yang Yang, Hongli Shang, Yajie Zhou, Yijie Zhang</p><p>23 September 2024</p><p>The impact of relocation processes on people facing socio-territorial iniquities: A scoping review</p><p>Pascale Chagnon, Pierre Paul Audate, Geneviève Cloutier</p><p>23 August 2024</p><p>Understanding the structure, content, and impact of far-right extremist propaganda disseminated online: A systematic review</p><p>Mia Doolan, Kiran Sarma</p><p>25 October 2024</p><p>Strategies to enhance inclusion in informed consent practice for people with sensory impairment: A systematic literature review</p><p>Fleur O'Hare, Sujani Thrimawithana, Aimee Clague, Camille Paynter, David Foran, Caroline Ondracek, Eden Robertson, Tessa Saunders, Lauren Ayton</p><p>24 October 2024</p><p>Evidence and gap map of climate change adaptation interventions for enhancing food security and livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa</p><p>David Sarfo Ameyaw, Kwadwo Danso-Mensah, Joseph Clottey, Clarice Panyin Nyan, Sheila Agyemang Oppong, Miriam Oppong, Nana Esi Badu-Ansah, Desmond Kaledzi, Isaac Letsa</p><p>29 August 2024</p><p>Randomized controlled trials for poverty alleviation and environmental conservation in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review</p><p>Adriana Molina Garzon, Aemro Worku, Andres R","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11632157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142814404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julie Birkenmaier, Brandy R. Maynard, Harly M. Blumhagen, Hannah Shanks
{"title":"Medical-financial partnerships for improving financial and medical outcomes for lower-income Americans: A systematic review","authors":"Julie Birkenmaier, Brandy R. Maynard, Harly M. Blumhagen, Hannah Shanks","doi":"10.1002/cl2.70008","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cl2.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Poverty is considered one of the social determinants of health (i.e., a range of social and environmental conditions that affect health and well-being) because of its association with significant health problems. In recent years, healthcare settings have emerged as focal points for poverty interventions with direct health implications. Medical institutions are increasingly implementing financial partnerships to provide interventions targeted at improving the financial well-being of patients with the dual objective of boosting appointment attendance rates and alleviating financial burdens on patients. While medical-financial partnerships (MFPs) appear to be growing in popularity, it is unclear if these interventions positively impact financial and/or health outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The purpose of this review is to inform policy and practice relevant to MFPs by analyzing and synthesizing empirical evidence related to their health and financial outcomes. The primary objectives of this review is to answer the following research questions: (1) What is the extent and quality of MFP intervention research? (2) What are the effects on financial outcomes of financial services embedded within healthcare settings? (3) What are the effects on health-related outcomes of financial services embedded within healthcare settings?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Search Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a comprehensive search for published and gray literature from September to December 2023. We searched for and retrieved published studies from Google, Google Scholar, and 10 Electronic databases. We also searched five relevant websites and two trial registries for registered studies. We harvested from the reference lists of included studies and conducted forward citation searching using Google Scholar. Lastly, we contacted the first authors of the four included studies and requested information about unpublished studies, studies in progress, and published studies potentially missed in the other search activities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Selection Criteria</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Studies eligible for this review met the following criteria. First, studies must have used a prospective randomized controlled trial or quasi-experimental (QED) research design with parallel cohorts. Second, studies must have involved an intervention that provides financial services on-site within a healthcare setting. Third, the studies must have measured a financial outcome. Fourth, to meet the criteria for on-site financial services, in","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11621975/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142802577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marta Osório de Matos, Elzbieta Bobrowicz-Campos, Rosa Silva, Francisca Castanheira, Diana Santos
{"title":"Protocol: Complementarity between informal care and formal care to adults: Knowledge mapping through a scoping review of the literature","authors":"Marta Osório de Matos, Elzbieta Bobrowicz-Campos, Rosa Silva, Francisca Castanheira, Diana Santos","doi":"10.1002/cl2.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The aim of this scoping review is to map, describe and characterize the available evidence on the role that formal care might have in complementing informal caregivers role – romantic partners, parallel family members (e.g., [step]siblings, cousins or in-laws) or descendants (e.g., the care-receivers are [step]parents, [step]aunts/uncles, [step]grandparents or in-laws) – when providing care to adults with acquired diseases (physical or neurologic) in domestic settings and will set the ground for future research on this topic. The scoping review questions are the following: (i) What is the existing literature on the complementarity between formal and informal care? (ii) Which are the types of formal cares' services/interventions that have been described in the literature as complementary to informal care, provided to the informal caregiver and/or to the adult being cared for? (iii) Which outcomes have been assessed in the caregiver's physical, psychological, and social health domains, and how have they been measured?</p>","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cl2.70004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}