Journal of ICT Standardization最新文献

Journal of ICT Standardization Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-17 DOI: 10.13052/jicts2245-800X.1411

Mukesh Thakur;Yki Kortesniemi

{"title":"Trustworthy Local Breakout","authors":"Mukesh Thakur;Yki Kortesniemi","doi":"10.13052/jicts2245-800X.1411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/jicts2245-800X.1411","url":null,"abstract":"The newer generations of mobile networks (e.g., fifth generation) provide increasingly lower latencies in the home operator's (HO's) network, and there is similar expectation from subscribers while roaming. Moreover, regulations, like the EU's Roam Like At Home, mandate that the roaming subscribers receive comparable service quality without additional charge from the visited operator (VO) in the roaming country. However, the currently most widely adopted roaming approach, home routed, adds significant latency because the roaming traffic traverses all the way back to the HO, while with local breakout, the subscriber is served locally by the VO, resulting in lower latency. Yet, local breakout has not been adopted by most operators, primarily because of trust issues in tracking the data used by a roaming subscriber, which currently is only done by the VO. This paper presents a trustworthy local breakout (LBO) solution that addresses the trust issue by having both the roaming user equipment and the VO keep record of data usage, thus lever-aging their opposing incentives to keep both parties accurate. In addition, the solution streamlines the 5G registration process by enabling authentication and authorization directly with the VO, thus significantly speeding up the registration. The solution utilizes verifiable credentials to record the subscriber's usage information and for the 5G registration. The analysis demonstrates that the registration process is streamlined, and usage information is now more trustworthy compared to the current LBO.","PeriodicalId":36697,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ICT Standardization","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11440166","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147557526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Standardization of Power Transaction Data Interaction Protocol Based on Smart Contracts - Extended Application of IEC 62325 基于智能合约的电力交易数据交互协议标准化——IEC 62325的扩展应用

Journal of ICT Standardization Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-17 DOI: 10.13052/jicts2245-800X.1414

Mo Pingyan;Lu Yanqian;Li Kai;Wen You;Ren Ying

{"title":"Standardization of Power Transaction Data Interaction Protocol Based on Smart Contracts - Extended Application of IEC 62325","authors":"Mo Pingyan;Lu Yanqian;Li Kai;Wen You;Ren Ying","doi":"10.13052/jicts2245-800X.1414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/jicts2245-800X.1414","url":null,"abstract":"In view of the problems of insufficient automation, trust dependence centralization, and real-time limitation in the IEC 62325 standard, this study proposes an extension protocol integrating blockchain and smart contract. By defining the trigger points of the three-layer contract, the standard message process is seamlessly embedded, and the automatic execution of quotation verification, transaction matching, and settlement and clearing is realized. Design parametric contract templates and extend EDM message segments (sc: contract address, data hash, digital signature) to support non-intrusive business rule injection and tamper-proof verification. A three-layer decoupling architecture (data access layer, contract execution layer, and message conversion layer) is constructed for compatible heterogeneous systems, and the XSLT engine is combined to realize the two-way mapping of EDM packets and on-chain data. Experiments based on real data in the Dutch electricity market show that the scheme reduces transaction delay by 62.5% to 45 milliseconds, increases data consistency rate to 99.1%, doubles throughput by 310 transactions per second, and sharply reduces the settlement error rate by 95.7%, effectively improving the automation level and credibility of high-frequency electricity trading.","PeriodicalId":36697,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ICT Standardization","volume":"14 1","pages":"101-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11440163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147557781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Cross-Layer Bitrate Optimization Framework for Low-Bandwidth Video Transmission Using Lightweight Adaptive Encoding 基于轻量级自适应编码的低带宽视频传输跨层比特率优化框架

Journal of ICT Standardization Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-17 DOI: 10.13052/jicts2245-800X.1412

Yusen Cheng;Tao Li

{"title":"A Cross-Layer Bitrate Optimization Framework for Low-Bandwidth Video Transmission Using Lightweight Adaptive Encoding","authors":"Yusen Cheng;Tao Li","doi":"10.13052/jicts2245-800X.1412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/jicts2245-800X.1412","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient video transmission over low-bandwidth and unstable networks remains a central challenge for real-time applications such as telemedicine, remote surveillance, and edge-based video analytics. Conventional adaptive streaming approaches such as DASH and HLS operate primarily at the application layer, adjusting bitrates reactively based on buffer occupancy or short-term throughput. These strategies often fail under abrupt bandwidth fluctuations, leading to quality oscillations and excessive rebuffering. This paper proposes a cross-layer bitrate optimization framework that unifies lightweight adaptive encoding with a control-theoretic feedback loop driven by real-time network metrics. The framework jointly considers content complexity, encoder parameters, and network congestion signals to dynamically regulate bitrate across both the network and application layers. A lightweight encoder enhancement module performs perceptually guided bit allocation using saliency-aware analysis, while the control loop ensures fast convergence of target bitrate and stability against throughput variability. Extensive experiments across Wi-Fi, 4G, and simulated edge-network traces show that the proposed system achieves 30-40% bitrate reduction compared with H.264/H.265 adaptive streaming baselines, with PSNR gains up to 1.2 dB and SSIM improvements of 0.02, while reducing buffering time by over 35%. These results establish that the synergy of control-theoretic adaptation and lightweight encoding yields a scalable, low-complexity solution suitable for next-generation low-bitrate video communication systems operating on mobile and edge devices.","PeriodicalId":36697,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ICT Standardization","volume":"14 1","pages":"37-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11440082","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147557991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation and Application of International Standard Conversion: An Applicability-Based Approach 国际标准转换的评价与应用：基于适用性的方法

Journal of ICT Standardization Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-17 DOI: 10.13052/jicts2245-800X.1415

Jia Li

{"title":"Evaluation and Application of International Standard Conversion: An Applicability-Based Approach","authors":"Jia Li","doi":"10.13052/jicts2245-800X.1415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/jicts2245-800X.1415","url":null,"abstract":"Bodies such as ISO, IEC, ASTM, and ITU develop international standards that help ensure interoperability, quality assurance, and similar rules across various industries worldwide. So, since the world has many different rules, technologies, cultures, and economies, these standards must be transformed and made relevant for each context. The review examines the main theories, methods, and approaches used to transform international standards in different countries. The review examines using comparative gap analysis, Delphi expert consensus, and MCDA, as well as following guidelines such as ISO/IEC Guide 21 and new approaches such as TRIZ. In healthcare, information security, and civil engineering, examples of the issues and ways international standards can be suitable for each sector are given. It high-lights common issues, including rules, technologies, language, and resources. It proposes solutions like national applicability matrices, involvement of both the public and private sectors, capacity building, and ensuring openness. Finally, it points out that emerging technologies like AI and SMART standards can help make standard conversion easy, effective, and fair. It provides a clear roadmap for policymakers, standardization bodies, and industry stakeholders who want to bring global standardization goals in line with what is possible locally and boost sustainable development, innovation, and interoperability across the globe.","PeriodicalId":36697,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ICT Standardization","volume":"14 1","pages":"125-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11440164","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147557530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fog Node Trust Evaluation Technology Combined with a Consensus Mechanism and its Application 基于共识机制的雾节点信任评估技术及其应用

Journal of ICT Standardization Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-17 DOI: 10.13052/jicts2245-800X.1413

Guanglei Sheng;Qingtao Wu

{"title":"Fog Node Trust Evaluation Technology Combined with a Consensus Mechanism and its Application","authors":"Guanglei Sheng;Qingtao Wu","doi":"10.13052/jicts2245-800X.1413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/jicts2245-800X.1413","url":null,"abstract":"To address the issue of node trustworthiness in fog computing networks, this study proposes a fog node trust evaluation technique that integrates consensus mechanisms. This paper adopts the innovative proof of interest algorithm (PoIA) consensus mechanism to achieve lightweight verification. The core methods include formulaic reputation evaluation algorithms to quantify node behavior and economic incentives, as well as deposit mechanisms to increase attack costs. Experimental studies have shown that this technology can still maintain 93.2% availability even under high malicious node rates. After applying this technology, the throughput of the fog computing network is 985TPS, the latency is reduced to 125 ms, and the energy consumption is reduced by 26.8%. The experiment confirmed that this technology significantly improves the accuracy of malicious behavior detection and resource allocation efficiency through the collaborative innovation of dynamic reputation evaluation and PoIA lightweight consensus, providing a reliable solution for large-scale fog computing deployment.","PeriodicalId":36697,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ICT Standardization","volume":"14 1","pages":"69-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11440167","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147557532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing Academic Writing Efficiency with ChatGPT: A Natural Language Processing Framework for Innovation, Opportunities, and Challenges 用ChatGPT提高学术写作效率：面向创新、机遇和挑战的自然语言处理框架

Journal of ICT Standardization Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.13052/jicts2245-800X.1341

Wencai Zhao

{"title":"Enhancing Academic Writing Efficiency with ChatGPT: A Natural Language Processing Framework for Innovation, Opportunities, and Challenges","authors":"Wencai Zhao","doi":"10.13052/jicts2245-800X.1341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/jicts2245-800X.1341","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has opened up new avenues for improving the efficiency and quality of academic writing. This paper presents ChatGPT, an advanced model based on the GPT-4 (Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4) architecture. Traditional academic writing faces challenges such as time constraints, language barriers, and content creation difficulties. AI-driven natural language processing (NLP) tools can effectively alleviate these challenges. This paper employs a transformer-based machine learning framework, combining bidirectional encoder representation (BERT) with GPT-4 to improve the syntactic and semantic quality of generated text. Empirical analysis of academic writing samples shows that ChatGPT-assisted writing reduces grammatical errors in the evaluation samples by 2.00% and 1.92%, respectively. This research further explores the cognitive advantages of AI-assisted writing tools, proposing that AI can not only enhance the writing process but also has the potential to reshape traditional academic writing practices by improving innovation, efficiency, and academic productivity.","PeriodicalId":36697,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ICT Standardization","volume":"13 4","pages":"359-382"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11318147","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145847816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Data Analytics in the Internet of Things Era: Tools, Approaches, Challenges, and Solutions 物联网时代的数据分析：工具、方法、挑战和解决方案

Journal of ICT Standardization Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.13052/jicts2245-800X.1344

Yun Liu

引用次数: 0

Standardizing AI-Assisted English Writing: ChatGPT's Opportunities, Challenges, and Transformer-based Innovations for Scholarly Communication 标准化人工智能辅助英语写作：ChatGPT的机遇、挑战和基于变革的学术交流创新

Journal of ICT Standardization Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.13052/jicts2245-800X.1342

Jing He

{"title":"Standardizing AI-Assisted English Writing: ChatGPT's Opportunities, Challenges, and Transformer-based Innovations for Scholarly Communication","authors":"Jing He","doi":"10.13052/jicts2245-800X.1342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/jicts2245-800X.1342","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid development of artificial intelligence, especially large language models (LLMs), is transforming English writing practices for both learners and researchers while creating new pathways for standardizing AI-assisted scholarly communication. This study examines how ChatGPT, built on GPT-4 and combined with BERT-based contextual analysis, can enhance writing efficiency, linguistic accuracy, and personalized learning. Using natural language processing, GPT-4 scoring models, and collaborative filtering, the system provides adaptive writing tasks and feedback, further optimized through reinforcement learning. Classroom results show notable improvements, with one student's writing score increasing from 5.00 to 7.25, highlighting ChatGPT's value in boosting writing ability and learning motivation. At the scholarly level, evaluation of manuscript samples demonstrates reductions in grammatical (~2.0%) and typographical (~1.9%) errors and a clearer argumentative structure. Opportunities such as improved accessibility and creativity coexist with challenges including transparency, ethical use, and reliance on AI. Overall, this work outlines the potential of transformer-based NLP to support standardized, scalable AI-assisted English writing across educational and academic communication ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":36697,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ICT Standardization","volume":"13 4","pages":"383-404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11318146","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145847830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CARE: A Cloud-Enhanced Augmented Reality Model for Immersive Education Opportunities and Challenges CARE：面向沉浸式教育机遇与挑战的云增强增强现实模型

Journal of ICT Standardization Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.13052/jicts2245-800X.1343

Zhongxia Liu

引用次数: 0

Access Denied: Ignorance of Web Accessibility Standards by Dutch Business 拒绝访问：荷兰企业对网页可访问性标准的无知

Journal of ICT Standardization Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.13052/jicts2245-800X.1345

Dante Göbbels;Robert M. van Wessel;Henk J. de Vries

{"title":"Access Denied: Ignorance of Web Accessibility Standards by Dutch Business","authors":"Dante Göbbels;Robert M. van Wessel;Henk J. de Vries","doi":"10.13052/jicts2245-800X.1345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/jicts2245-800X.1345","url":null,"abstract":"The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) facilitate equal accessibility to websites for people with impairments. However, the adoption of this standard remains low, leaving much of the web inaccessible to millions of users with an impairment. This paper seeks to understand why this standard has had limited impact. As the European Accessibility Act required businesses to have accessible websites from June 2025 there is growing pressure to make improvements. Moving beyond the technical evaluations that dominated past research, this study looks through a standardisation lens at likely reasons for the private sectors' limited use of the web accessibility standard. We compare accessibility differences per industry quantitatively. We then go back to the literature and look at government practices to identify solutions for web accessibility barriers. This allows us to provide a new perspective on how web accessibility can be improved. Our findings identify two main obstacles: a lack of awareness of the WCAG standard, and difficulties in understanding and implementing it. Implementation is hindered by a shortage of developers with accessibility expertise, and by the absence of sanctions for non-compliance. To conclude, the new law first needs to tackle the barriers to web accessibility and introduce a reasonable risk on sanctions as impetus for change.","PeriodicalId":36697,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ICT Standardization","volume":"13 4","pages":"449-484"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11318150","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145847829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0