International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power最新文献

{"title":"Scale-Resolving Hybrid RANS-LES Simulation of a Model Kaplan Turbine on a 400-Million-Element Mesh","authors":"Simon Joßberger, S. Riedelbauch","doi":"10.3390/ijtpp8030026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijtpp8030026","url":null,"abstract":"Double-regulated Kaplan turbines with adjustable guide vanes and runner blades offer a high degree of flexibility and good efficiency for a wide range of operating points. However, this also leads to a complex geometry and flow guidance with, for example, vortices of different sizes and strengths. The flow in a draft tube is especially challenging to simulate mainly due to flow phenomena, like swirl, separation and strong adverse pressure gradients, and a strong dependency on the upstream flow conditions. Standard simulation approaches with RANS turbulence models, a coarse mesh and large time step size often fail to correctly predict performance and can even lead to wrong tendencies in the overall behavior. To reveal occurring flow phenomena and physical effects, a scale-resolving hybrid RANS-LES simulation on a block structured mesh of about 400 million hexahedral elements of a double-regulated five-blade model Kaplan turbine is carried out. In this paper, first, the results of the ongoing simulation are presented. The major part of the simulation domain is running in LES mode and seems to be properly resolved. The validation of the simulation results with the experimental data shows mean deviations of less than 0.8% in the global results, i.e., total head and power, and a good visual agreement with the three-dimensional PIV measurements of the velocity in the cone and both diffuser channels of the draft tube. In particular, the trend of total head and the results for the draft tube differ significantly between the scale-resolving simulation and a standard RANS simulation. The standard RANS simulation exhibits a highly unsteady behavior of flow, which is not observed in the experiments or scale-resolving simulation.","PeriodicalId":36626,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44060348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat Transfer Analysis of Damaged Shrouded High-Pressure Turbine Rotor Blades","authors":"Mario Carta, T. Ghisu, S. Shahpar","doi":"10.3390/ijtpp8030024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijtpp8030024","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the increasingly high turbine inlet temperatures, heat transfer analysis is now, more than ever, a vital part of the design and optimization of high-pressure turbine rotor blades of a modern jet engine. The present study aimed to find out how shape deviation and in-service deterioration affect heat exchange patterns on the rotor blade. The rotor geometries used for this analysis are represented by a set of high-resolution 3D structured light scans of blades with the same number of in-service hours. An automatic meshing technique was employed to generate high-resolution meshes directly on the scanned rotor geometries, which captured all the surface features with high fidelity. Steady-state 3D RANS flow simulations with a k-ω SST turbulence model were conducted on a one-and-a-half stage computational domain of the scanned geometries. First, the distribution of the heat transfer coefficient was calculated for each blade; then, a correlation was sought between the heat transfer coefficient and parametrized shape deviation, to assess the impact of each parameter on HTC levels.","PeriodicalId":36626,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43867520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Investigation of Rotating Instability Development in a Wide Tip Gap Centrifugal Compressor","authors":"Xavier Flete, Nicolas Binder, Yannick Bousquet, S. Cros","doi":"10.3390/ijtpp8030025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijtpp8030025","url":null,"abstract":"In the current study, full-stage unsteady simulations were performed to investigate rotating instability inception mechanisms in a particularly large tip clearance centrifugal compressor with a vaneless diffuser and a volute. Four operating points along a speed line were analysed to understand the influence of the mass flow reduction on flow structures. Close to the peak efficiency, an unsteady interaction between the tip clearance vortices and splitter blades was observed. Considering other studies, the influence of the tip gap size was analysed. Then, a large-scale vortex shedding from the leading edges of the main blades was detected when the stage operated near the maximum pressure ratio. It was demonstrated that shed vortices were caused by the combination of the radial gradient of the tangential velocity under the tip vortex and the reverse backflow near the casing. Previous studies on axial compressors refer to these vortical structures as backflow vortices. These vortices cause a significant increase in the incidence angle in the tip region.","PeriodicalId":36626,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49397597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rotor Cascade Assessment at Off-Design Condition: An Aerodynamic Investigation on Platform Cooling","authors":"H. Abdeh, G. Barigozzi, N. Franchina","doi":"10.3390/ijtpp8030023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijtpp8030023","url":null,"abstract":"Off-design condition of a rotor blade cascade with and without platform cooling was experimentally investigated. The ability of the gas turbine to operate down to 50% to 20% of its nominal intake air flow rate has an important consequence in the change in the inlet incidence angle, which varied from nominal to −20°. Platform cooling through an upstream slot simulating the stator-to-rotor interface gap was considered. The impact of rotation on purge flow injection was simulated by installing fins inside the slot to give the coolant flow a tangential direction. Aerodynamic measurements to quantify the cascade aerodynamic loss and secondary flow structures were performed at Ma2is = 0.55, varying the coolant to main flow mass flow ratio (MFR%) and the incidence angle. The results show that losses strongly increase with MFR. A negative incidence allows a reduction in the overall loss even when coolant is injected with a high MFR. The more negative the incidence, the greater the loss reduction.","PeriodicalId":36626,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44910037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Evaluation in a Fully Purged High-Pressure Turbine Stage Using Seed Gas Concentration Measurements","authors":"F. Merli, Nicolas Krajnc, Asim Hafizovic, E. Göttlich","doi":"10.3390/ijtpp8030022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijtpp8030022","url":null,"abstract":"The efficiency assessment of a high-pressure turbine (HPT) stage is complicated by the presence of upstream and downstream purge flows. In fact, the efficiency calculation is often based on mass flow-averaged values of total temperature at the stage inlet and outlet planes. Moreover, the purge flow distribution in the annulus is usually unknown and therefore assumed to be uniform. This paper presents and applies an alternative method to calculate the efficiency of a fully purged HPT stage. Such a definition relies on seed gas concentration measurements at the HPT stage outlet plane to determine the outlet purge flow distribution. After comparing the alternative method to the standard definition (based on the assumption of uniform purge) for the nominal purge case, the efficiency variation between the case with nominal purge and the case without purge is investigated.","PeriodicalId":36626,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43061728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Analysis of the Three Dimensional Flow in a Wells Turbine Rotor","authors":"F. Licheri, T. Ghisu, F. Cambuli, P. Puddu","doi":"10.3390/ijtpp8030021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijtpp8030021","url":null,"abstract":"An experimental investigation of the local flow field in a Wells turbine has been conducted, in order to produce a detailed analysis of the aerodynamic characteristics of the rotor and support the search for optimized solutions. The measurements were conducted with a hot-wire anemometer (HWA) probe, reconstructing the local three-dimensional flow field both upstream and downstream of a small-scale Wells turbine. The multi-rotation technique has been applied to measure the three velocity components of the flow field for a fixed operating condition. The results of the investigation show the local flow structures along a blade pitch, highlighting the location and radial extension of the vortices which interact with the clean flow, thus degrading the turbine’s overall performance. Some peculiarities of this turbine have also been shown, and need to be considered in order to propose modified solutions to improve its performance.","PeriodicalId":36626,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42997244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerodynamics and Sealing Performance of the Downstream Hub Rim Seal in a High-Pressure Turbine Stage","authors":"F. Merli, Nicolas Krajnc, Asim Hafizovic, M. Patinios, E. Göttlich","doi":"10.3390/ijtpp8030020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijtpp8030020","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the paper is to characterize the aerodynamic behavior of a rotor-downstream hub cavity rim seal in a high-pressure turbine (HPT) stage. The experimental data are acquired in the Transonic Test Turbine Facility at the Graz University of Technology: the test setup includes two engine-representative turbine stages (the last HPT stage and first LPT stage), with the intermediate turbine duct in between. All stator-rotor cavities are supplied with purge flows by a secondary air system, which simulates the bleeding air from the compressor stages of the real engine. The HPT downstream hub cavity is provided with wall taps and pitot tubes at different radial and circumferential locations, which allows the performance of steady pressure and seed gas concentration measurements for different purge mass flows and HPT vanes clocking positions. Moreover, miniaturized pressure transducers are adopted to evaluate the unsteady pressure distribution, and an oil flow visualization is performed to retrieve additional information on the wheel space structures. The annulus pressure asymmetry depends on the HPT vane clocking, but this is shown to have negligible impact on the minimum purge mass flow required to seal the cavity. However, the hub pressure profile drives the distribution of the cavity egress in the turbine channel. The unsteady pressure field is dominated by blade-synchronous oscillations. No non-synchronous components with comparable intensity are detected.","PeriodicalId":36626,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45585435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Gas Turbine Cooling for the Carbon-Neutral Era","authors":"K. Takeishi, Robert Krewinkel","doi":"10.3390/ijtpp8030019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijtpp8030019","url":null,"abstract":"In the coming carbon-neutral era, industrial gas turbines (GT) will continue to play an important role as energy conversion equipment with high thermal efficiency and as stabilizers of the electric power grid. Because of the transition to a clean fuel, such as hydrogen or ammonia, the main modifications will lie with the combustor. It can be expected that small and medium-sized gas turbines will burn fewer inferior fuels, and the scope of cogeneration activities they are used for will be expanded. Industrial gas turbine cycles including CCGT appropriate for the carbon-neutral era are surveyed from the viewpoint of thermodynamics. The use of clean fuels and carbon capture and storage (CCS) will inevitably increase the unit cost of power generation. Therefore, the first objective is to present thermodynamic cycles that fulfil these requirements, as well as their verification tests. One conclusion is that it is necessary to realize the oxy-fuel cycle as a method to utilize carbon-heavy fuels and biomass and not generate NOx from hydrogen combustion at high temperatures. The second objective of the authors is to show the required morphology of the cooling structures in airfoils, which enable industrial gas turbines with a higher efficiency. In order to achieve this, a survey of the historical development of the existing cooling methods is presented first. CastCool® and wafer and diffusion bonding blades are discussed as turbine cooling technologies applicable to future GTs. Based on these, new designs already under development are shown. Most of the impetus comes from the development of aviation airfoils, which can be more readily applied to industrial gas turbines because the operation will become more similar. Double-wall cooling (DWC) blades can be considered for these future industrial gas turbines. It will be possible in the near future to fabricate the DWC structures desired by turbine cooling designers using additive manufacturing (AM). Another conclusion is that additively manufactured DWC is the best cooling technique for these future gas turbines. However, at present, research in this field and the data generated are scattered, and it is not yet possible for heat transfer designers to fabricate cooling structures with the desired accuracy.","PeriodicalId":36626,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48677089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Sewage Pumps with Numerical and Experimental Support","authors":"D. Beck, P. Thamsen","doi":"10.3390/ijtpp8020018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijtpp8020018","url":null,"abstract":"Especially in the field of sewage pumps, the design of radial impellers focuses not only on maximum efficiency but also on functionality in terms of susceptibility to clogging by fibrous media. In general, the efficiency of sewage impellers is significantly lower than that of clear water impellers. These sewage impellers are designed with a low number of blades to ensure that fibrous media can be pumped. This paper describes the methodology of an optimisation for a sewage impeller. The optimisation is carried out on a semi-open two-channel impeller as an example. Therefore, a new impeller is designed for a given volute casing. Based on a basic design for given boundary conditions, the impeller is verified by means of numerical simulation. The manufactured impeller is then tested on the test rig to verify the simulation. With regard to the optical investigations, the clogging behaviour of the impeller is specifically improved over three different modifications in order to finally present an impeller with good efficiency and a low clogging tendency.","PeriodicalId":36626,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44214339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Tip Leakage Vortex Cavitation on Flow Field under Cavitation Instability","authors":"Y. Yoon, S. Song","doi":"10.3390/ijtpp8020017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijtpp8020017","url":null,"abstract":"Cavitation instabilities can induce axial and circumferential vibrations, as well as noise in turbopump inducers. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the mechanism of cavitation instability. The flow field near the two-bladed inducer leading edge under alternate blade cavitation was experimentally investigated using particle image velocimetry (PIV). It was found that the tip leakage vortex cavitation draws the flow toward its region of collapse and induces a negative change in the incidence to the adjacent blade. Moreover, this blade-to-blade interaction was identified as the main cause of alternate blade cavitation. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that this blade-to-blade interaction is strongest when the cavity collapse occurs in the inducer throat area, where the leading edge of the following blade is located.","PeriodicalId":36626,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44925919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}