Neuroscience Insights最新文献

{"title":"Let's Shape Learning Into Lasting Memories.","authors":"Sven Vanneste","doi":"10.1177/26331055241227220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26331055241227220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent experiments in rats and humans have indicated that the effects of non-invasive electrical stimulation are primarily due to transcutaneous stimulation of peripheral nerves, specifically the greater occipital nerve. This stimulation pathway activates communication gateways from the periphery to the brain, impacting memory consolidation. In this invited commentary, I delve into and offer additional insights concerning the enhancement of episodic memory through transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the greater occipital nerve, building upon the findings published by my laboratory in both <i>Science Advances</i> and <i>Elife</i>. Our research on non-invasive transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the greater occipital nerve (NITESGON) has shown to enhance episodic memory consolidation and promote communication between the locus coeruleus (LC) pathway and the hippocampus based on resting connectivity functional MRI. The LC, primarily responsible for releasing noradrenaline and dopamine, plays a crucial role in post-encoding memory stabilization. This suggests that NITESGON can improve memory but does not affect immediate learning. The concept of behavioural tagging, where weak memories can be stabilized through strong or novel events, and how NITESGON activates a memory consolidation through this mechanism are discussed. The role of NITESGON in enhancing memory stabilization is highlighted, providing a non-pharmaceutical solution with minimal side effects. The potential application of NITESGON in neurological conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder, is also discussed, emphasizing its promising therapeutic prospects.</p>","PeriodicalId":36527,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Insights","volume":"19 ","pages":"26331055241227220"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10858668/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139724342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gray and White Matter Voxel-Based Morphometry of Alzheimer's Disease With and Without Significant Cerebrovascular Pathologies.","authors":"Chandan Saha, Chase R Figley, Zeinab Dastgheib, Brian J Lithgow, Zahra Moussavi","doi":"10.1177/26331055231225657","DOIUrl":"10.1177/26331055231225657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, and AD individuals often present significant cerebrovascular disease (CVD) symptomology. AD with significant levels of CVD is frequently labeled mixed dementia (or sometimes AD-CVD), and the differentiation of these two neuropathologies (AD, AD-CVD) from each other is challenging, especially at early stages. In this study, we compared the gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes in AD (n = 83) and AD-CVD (n = 37) individuals compared with those of cognitively healthy controls (n = 85) using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) of their MRI scans. The control individuals, matched for age and sex with our two dementia groups, were taken from the ADNI. The VBM analysis showed widespread patterns of significantly lower GM and WM volume in both dementia groups compared to the control group (<i>P</i> < .05, family-wise error corrected). While comparing with AD-CVD, the AD group mainly demonstrated a trend of lower volumes in the GM of the left putamen and right hippocampus and WM of the right thalamus (uncorrected <i>P</i> < .005 with cluster threshold, <i>K</i> = 10). The AD-CVD group relative to AD tended to present lower GM and WM volumes, mainly in the cerebellar lobules and right brainstem regions, respectively (uncorrected <i>P</i> < .005 with cluster threshold, <i>K</i> = 10). Although finding a discriminatory feature in structural MRI data between AD and AD-CVD neuropathologies is challenging, these results provide preliminary evidence that demands further investigation in a larger sample size.</p>","PeriodicalId":36527,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Insights","volume":"19 ","pages":"26331055231225657"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10832430/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139673111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting the Chicken Auditory Brainstem Response: Frequency Specificity, Threshold Sensitivity, and Cross Species Comparison.","authors":"George Ordiway, Miranda McDonnell, Jason Tait Sanchez","doi":"10.1177/26331055241228308","DOIUrl":"10.1177/26331055241228308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The auditory brainstem response (ABR) is important for both clinical and basic auditory research. It is a non-invasive measure of hearing function with millisecond-level precision. The ABR can not only measure the synchrony, speed, and efficacy of auditory physiology but also detect different modalities of hearing pathology and hearing loss. ABRs are easily acquired in vertebrate animal models like reptiles, birds, and mammals, and complement existing molecular, developmental, and systems-level research. One such model system is the chicken; an excellent animal for studying auditory development, structure, and function. However, the ABR for chickens was last reported nearly 4 decades ago. The current study examines how decades of ABR characterization in other animal species support findings from the chicken ABR. We replicated and expanded on previous research using 43 chicken hatchlings 1- and 2-day post-hatch. We report that click-evoked chicken ABRs presented with a peak waveform morphology, amplitude, and latency like previous avian studies. Tone-evoked ABRs were found for frequencies from 250 to 4000 Hertz (Hz) and exhibited a range of best sensitivity between 750 and 2000 Hz. Objective click-evoked and tone-evoked ABR thresholds were comparable to subjective thresholds. With these revisited measurements, the chicken ABR still proves to be an excellent example of precocious avian development that complements decades of molecular, neuronal, and systems-level research in the same model organism.</p>","PeriodicalId":36527,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Insights","volume":"19 ","pages":"26331055241228308"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10832403/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139673112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The SMA Modifier Plastin 3 Targets Cell Membrane-Associated Proteins in Motoneurons.","authors":"Sibylle Jablonka, Natascha Schäfer","doi":"10.1177/26331055241226623","DOIUrl":"10.1177/26331055241226623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Loss of the <i>Survival Motor Neuron (SMN)</i> gene inevitably leads to spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), one of the most common fatal neuromuscular diseases in children with FDA and EMA approved therapies. However, the cellular mechanisms leading to neuromuscular junction (NMJ) dysfunction due to impaired Ca²⁺ homeostasis in the presynaptic compartment remain largely unexplained. In the last decade, the so-called SMA modifiers have gained attention. The F-actin bundler Plastin 3 (PLS3) is one of them and counteracts neurotransmission defects, including altered vesicle endocytosis, in Smn-deficient NMJs. Properly bundled F-actin is the basis for the translocation and arrangement of transmembrane proteins at the cell surface. Our recently published data by Hennlein et al., J Cell Biol. (2023) clearly showed that Smn deficiency impairs the F-actin dependent translocation of the high-affinity BDNF receptor TrkB to the cell surface resulting in reduced BDNF-mediated TrkB activation in motor axon terminals. Strikingly, the overexpression of PLS3 restores TrkB availability, and significantly improves the clustering of the active zone-associated voltage-gated calcium channel Ca_v2.2 in growth cones of Smn-deficient motoneurons. These observations raise the question of how PLS3 mediates the proper cell surface localization and cluster-like formation of Ca_v2.2 in motor axon terminals.</p>","PeriodicalId":36527,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Insights","volume":"19 ","pages":"26331055241226623"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10799582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139514113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dozing Off With Drosophila: The Effect of Disrupted Circadian Rhythms and Sleep Disturbance on Mortality, Mood, and Addiction.","authors":"Rania S Lateef, Bibhaw Pokharel, Tasnuva Nuhat Shafin","doi":"10.1177/26331055231218698","DOIUrl":"10.1177/26331055231218698","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many environmental factors can disrupt sleep and circadian rhythms, yet the consequences of such disruptions are poorly understood. The main goals of this project were to study the effects of disrupted circadian rhythms and sleep disturbance on <i>Drosophila melanogaster's</i>: (1) lifespan, (2) depression-like behaviors, and (3) propensity to consume caffeine-containing media. Three experimental groups were used: controls, Circadian Dysfunction (CD), and Sleep Disturbance (SD). Circadian disruption (CD): used flies with <i>Tim</i>⁰¹ mutation, which eliminates circadian behavioral rhythms. Sleep disturbance (SD): used flies subjected to hourly light exposure and manual mechanical disruption, for 48 hours. To assess the effect on lifespan, the percent of flies surviving over time, within each group, was calculated. Impaired geotaxis, or loss of climbing motivation, was assessed as a measure of a depression-like state. Preference for caffeine-containing food was evaluated using a choice chamber where caffeine enriched, and regular media were presented to flies. Group differences were analyzed with survival curves. Chi-square tests were used for the categorical variables. Survival curve analysis showed that Flies with the <i>timeless</i> gene mutation (<i>tim</i>⁰¹) have a significantly shorter lifespan than controls. Geotaxis was not significantly impaired by sleep disturbance, but it was negatively affected by circadian dysfunction. Both the Circadian Dysfunction and Sleep Disturbance groups showed a preference for caffeine-containing food, after 72 hours of exposure to it, although the Circadian Dysfunction group was much more affected than the Sleep Disturbance group. Sleep and circadian disturbances can negatively influence physical and mental wellbeing and the accompanying molecular mechanisms, as well as disrupted brain physiology, must be studied. It is critical to identify and minimize social and environmental disruptors of such biological rhythms.</p>","PeriodicalId":36527,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Insights","volume":"18 ","pages":"26331055231218698"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10749519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139037990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review on the Regulatory Action of TRP Channels: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Nociceptive Pain.","authors":"Santosh Anand, Senthilkumar Rajagopal","doi":"10.1177/26331055231220340","DOIUrl":"10.1177/26331055231220340","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily of ion channels in humans comprises voltage-gated, non-selective cation channels expressed both in excitable as well as non-excitable cells. Four TRP channel subunits associate to create functional homo- or heterotetramers that allow the influx of calcium, sodium, and/or potassium. These channels are highly abundant in the brain and kidney and are important mediators of diverse biological functions including thermosensation, vascular tone, flow sensing in the kidney and irritant stimuli sensing. Inherited or acquired dysfunction of TRP channels influences cellular functions and signaling pathways resulting in multifaceted disorders affecting skeletal, renal, cardiovascular, and nervous systems. Studies have demonstrated the involvement of these channels in the generation and transduction of pain. Based on the multifaceted role orchestrated by these TRP channels, modulation of the activity of these channels presents an important strategy to influence cellular function by regulating intracellular calcium levels as well as membrane excitability. Therefore, there has been a remarkable pharmaceutical inclination toward TRP channels as therapeutic interventions. Several candidate drugs influencing the activity of these channels are already in the clinical trials pipeline. The present review encompasses the current understanding of TRP channels and TRP modulators in pain and pain management.</p>","PeriodicalId":36527,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Insights","volume":"18 ","pages":"26331055231220340"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10749524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139038392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive Association Between the Immunogenetic Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Profiles of Multiple Sclerosis and Brain Cancer.","authors":"Lisa M James, Apostolos P Georgopoulos","doi":"10.1177/26331055231214543","DOIUrl":"10.1177/26331055231214543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous research has documented elevated risk of brain cancer in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Separately, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) has been implicated in protection or susceptibility for both conditions. The aim of the current study was to assess a possible role of shared immunogenetic influence on risk of MS and brain cancer. We first identified an immunogenetic profile for each condition based on the covariance between the population frequency of 127 high-resolution HLA alleles and the population prevalence of each condition in 14 Continental Western European countries and then evaluated the correspondence between MS and brain cancer immunogenetic profiles. Also, since each individual carries 12 HLA alleles (2 × 6 genes), we estimated HLA protection and susceptibility for MS and brain cancer at the individual level. We found that the immunogenetic profiles of MS and brain cancer were highly correlated overall (<i>P</i> < .001) and across all 6 HLA genes with the strongest association observed for DRB1, followed by DQB1 and HLA-A. These findings of immunogenetic overlap between MS and brain cancer are discussed in light of the role of HLA in the immune system response to viruses and other foreign antigens.</p>","PeriodicalId":36527,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Insights","volume":"18 ","pages":"26331055231214543"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10693228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138478784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling Resilience to Alzheimer's Disease: Insights From Brain Regional Proteomic Markers.","authors":"Zhi Huang, Gennifer E Merrihew, Eric B Larson, Jea Park, Deanna Plubell, Edward J Fox, Kathleen S Montine, C Dirk Keene, Caitlin S Latimer, James Y Zou, Michael J MacCoss, Thomas J Montine","doi":"10.1177/26331055231201600","DOIUrl":"10.1177/26331055231201600","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studying proteomics data of the human brain could offer numerous insights into unraveling the signature of resilience to Alzheimer's disease. In our previous study with rigorous cohort selection criteria that excluded 4 common comorbidities, we harnessed multiple brain regions from 43 research participants with 12 of them displaying cognitive resilience to Alzheimer's disease. Based on the previous findings, this work focuses on 6 proteins out of the 33 differentially expressed proteins associated with resilience to Alzheimer's disease. These proteins are used to construct a decision tree classifier, enabling the differentiation of 3 groups: (i) healthy control, (ii) resilience to Alzheimer's disease, and (iii) Alzheimer's disease with dementia. Our analysis unveiled 2 important regional proteomic markers: Aβ peptides in the hippocampus and PA1B3 in the inferior parietal lobule. These findings underscore the potential of using distinct regional proteomic markers as signatures in characterizing the resilience to Alzheimer's disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":36527,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Insights","volume":"18 ","pages":"26331055231201600"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ec/f2/10.1177_26331055231201600.PMC10557413.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41151300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Duvelisib, a Selective PI3K Inhibitor on Seizure Activity in Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Convulsions Animal Model.","authors":"Mahnaz Abdolrahmani,&nbsp;Naser Mirazi,&nbsp;Abdolkarim Hosseini","doi":"10.1177/26331055231198013","DOIUrl":"10.1177/26331055231198013","url":null,"abstract":"Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases, which is caused by abnormal brain activity. A wide variety of studies have shown the importance of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway in epilepsy pathogenesis. Duvelisib (DUV) is a selective inhibitor of PI3K. The present study investigated the anticonvulsant potential of DUV in a rat model of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced convulsions. Male Wistar rats (200-250 g, 8 weeks old) were injected intraperitoneally (IP) with DUV at different doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg, or vehicle 30 minutes prior to PTZ (70 mg/kg, IP) treatment. Based on Racine’s scale, behavioral seizures were assessed. The results showed that pretreatment with DUV prolonged the seizure stages according to the Racine scale, significantly decreased the duration of general tonic-clonic seizure and reduced the number of myoclonic jerks (P < .05). In conclusion, we found that PI3K antagonist DUV significantly reduced PTZ-induced seizures, indicating that DUV exerts an anticonvulsant effect by inhibiting PI3K signaling pathway.","PeriodicalId":36527,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Insights","volume":"18 ","pages":"26331055231198013"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e5/cb/10.1177_26331055231198013.PMC10503276.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10635656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between COVID-19 and the Development of Depression: Implications on Mental Health.","authors":"Padmashri A Shetty, Lena Ayari, Jessica Madry, Colton Betts, Diana M Robinson, Batool F Kirmani","doi":"10.1177/26331055231191513","DOIUrl":"10.1177/26331055231191513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Initially, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), was predominantly considered to primarily affect the respiratory system. However, later studies revealed that it also affects brain function through its ability to bind to the angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2) receptors expressed on neural cells. Our study involved a comprehensive review of literature aiming to investigate the relationship between COVID-19 and the development of depression. Our analysis shows a connection between these 2 conditions, as a consequence of the inflammatory response in the nervous system to the COVID-19 virus and the psychophysiological effects of the pandemic. In COVID-19 patients, depression can arise either due to the direct viral infection of the brain or as a result of an indirect immune response triggering neuroinflammation after a cytokine storm. The resulting depression can be treated with non-pharmacological therapies such as psychotherapy, antidepressant medications, or a combination of these treatments depending on the severity of the symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":36527,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Insights","volume":"18 ","pages":"26331055231191513"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/72/bc/10.1177_26331055231191513.PMC10441207.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10048657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}