Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Associations between Serum Zinc Levels and the Presence of Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Hosseinali Mohammadi,&nbsp;Firozeh Sajedi,&nbsp;Younes Mohammadi","doi":"10.1002/edm2.70265","DOIUrl":"10.1002/edm2.70265","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy Is the Most Common Form of Diabetic Neuropathy and a Major Source of Morbidity in Type 2 Diabetes. Oxidative Stress Plays a Key Role in Its Pathogenesis, and Zinc—An Essential Trace Element Involved in Antioxidant Defence—Has Been Proposed as a Protective Factor. However, Clinical Evidence on the Association Between Serum Zinc Levels and Diabetic Neuropathy Remains Limited and Inconsistent. This Study Examined the Relationship Between Serum Zinc Levels and the Presence of Distal Symmetric Diabetic Polyneuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This Nested Case–Control Study Was Conducted Between December 2023 and March 2025 at the Internal Medicine Clinic of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Hamadan, Iran. Ninety Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Were Enrolled, Including 45 With Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy and 45 Without Neuropathy, Diagnosed According to American Diabetes Association Criteria. Serum Zinc Levels Were Measured Photometrically. Group Comparisons Used Independent t-Tests and Chi-Square Tests. Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis Was Used to Examine the Association Between Serum Zinc Levels and DSPN While Adjusting for Potential Confounders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients With Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy Had Significantly Lower Serum Zinc Levels Than Those Without (70.6 ± 12 μg/dL vs. 82.2 ± 16.9 μg/dL, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). In Multivariable Logistic Regression, Zinc Levels Remained Independently Associated With the Presence of Neuropathy; Each One μg/dL Increase Was Associated With a 5.4% Reduction in Odds of Neuropathy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lower serum zinc levels were independently associated with the presence of distal symmetric polyneuropathy in type 2 diabetes. This finding suggests that zinc deficiency may contribute to the development of diabetic neuropathy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13384423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148537217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Glycemic and Metabolic Profiles Observed During Imeglimin Therapy in Japanese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Yohei Fujita,&nbsp;Shuji Suganami,&nbsp;Yuka Morita,&nbsp;Toshio Matsui,&nbsp;Masahisa Hata,&nbsp;Masahiro Hatazaki","doi":"10.1002/edm2.70263","DOIUrl":"10.1002/edm2.70263","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims/Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Imeglimin is a first-in-class oral antidiabetic agent that improves glycemia through dual actions on insulin secretion and sensitivity. However, real-world data on its long-term metabolic effects, particularly on endogenous insulin secretion, remain limited. We aimed to evaluate 12-month longitudinal changes in glycemic indices, an insulin secretion index, and treatment intensity during imeglimin therapy in routine clinical practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This retrospective observational study included 73 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who continued imeglimin therapy for approximately 12 months. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and glycated albumin (GA) were assessed at baseline and follow-up. Fasting plasma glucose and C-peptide levels obtained between 10 and 14 months after initiation were used to calculate the fasting C-peptide index (fCPI). Overall glucose-lowering treatment intensity was quantified using the medication effect score (MES).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>HbA1c significantly decreased from 8.55% ± 1.38% to 7.67% ± 0.99% over 12 months (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). GA also declined from the early phase after initiation, whereas the GA/HbA1c ratio showed only transient change without sustained differences. The fCPI increased from 1.14 [0.65–1.84] to 1.21 [0.79–2.01] (<i>n</i> = 69, <i>p</i> = 0.003), and an early increase was observed within 1–2 months. Despite frequent adjustments to background therapies, treatment intensity as assessed by MES did not change significantly.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In a real-world setting, long-term imeglimin therapy was associated with sustained glycemic improvement and early as well as sustained numerical changes in an insulin secretion index without an increase in overall treatment intensity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/edm2.70263","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148391833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interplay Between Infectious Diseases and the Endocrine System: An Overview and Clinical Insights","authors":"Francesco Capoccia,&nbsp;Valentina D'Onghia,&nbsp;Valentina Semeraro,&nbsp;Esposito Susanna,&nbsp;Maria Elisabeth Street","doi":"10.1002/edm2.70259","DOIUrl":"10.1002/edm2.70259","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Infectious diseases can affect the endocrine system through multiple mechanisms, including direct cytopathic effects, immune dysregulation, inflammatory pathways, and in some cases the secretion of hormone-like substances by the pathogens themselves. While viral and bacterial infections represent the most frequent triggers, fungal and parasitic agents can also contribute, though less commonly.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This narrative review, based on a search in PubMed and Google Scholar, examined both paediatric and adult studies, given the limited evidence available in children. The analysis focused on the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal glands, gonads and endocrine pancreas, summarising current knowledge on the acute and long-term endocrine consequences of infections.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Reported outcomes range from type 1 diabetes mellitus and adrenal insufficiency to hypopituitarism, thyroiditis and hypogonadism. These complications may appear during the acute phase or emerge later as delayed sequelae, with significant implications for prognosis, quality of life and overall morbidity. The review highlights the need for increased clinical awareness, timely recognition of infection-related endocrine dysfunctions, and structured follow-up to prevent long-lasting complications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Further translational and clinical studies are warranted to clarify underlying mechanisms, identify early biomarkers and develop evidence-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, ultimately improving patient care and outcomes in both paediatric and adult populations. In the future, through genomic and transcriptomic techniques, the identification of the dysregulated cellular pathways could help clarify the real ‘cause-and-effect’ relationship between infections and cellular dysfunction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/edm2.70259","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148377379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of High-Density Lipoprotein Capacity to Acquire Free Cholesterol From Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins During Reverse Remnant-Cholesterol Transport in Familial Hypercholesterolemia","authors":"Shiva Ganjali,&nbsp;Judy B. de Haan,&nbsp;Wilfried Le Goff,&nbsp;Anatol Kontush,&nbsp;Amirhossein Sahebkar","doi":"10.1002/edm2.70269","DOIUrl":"10.1002/edm2.70269","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>High-density lipoprotein (HDL) serves as a key protective factor against elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). This study aimed to assess whether HDL's ability to acquire free cholesterol (FC) from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRLs) during lipolysis, as a part of reverse remnant-cholesterol transport (RRT) pathway, is impaired in FH patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This case–control study included 16 homozygous (HOFH) and 18 heterozygous (HEFH) patients with FH, along with 20 healthy controls. The free cholesterol transfer assay measured the ability of HDL (as apoB-depleted serum) to uptake fluorescently labelled free cholesterol (TopF) from TGRLs during lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-mediated lipolysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>No significant difference was observed among the groups in the overall capacity of HDL to acquire FC from TGRLs during LPL-mediated lipolysis. When normalizing for LDL-C and non-HDL-C levels, significantly lower TopF transfer/LDL-C and TopF transfer/non-HDL-C ratios were observed in HOFH patients in comparison with HEFH and healthy subjects. Lower TopF transfer/LDL-C (OR: 0.605, 95% CI: 0.428–0.857; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) and TopF transfer/non-HDL-C (OR: 0.539, 95% CI: 0.339–0.859; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) ratios were independently associated with HOFH, while, after adjusting for age only the former association remained significant (OR: 0.646, 95% CI: 0.430–0.971).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although HDL's direct capacity to acquire free cholesterol from TGRLs did not differ significantly between the groups, the reduced TopF transfer/LDL-C and TopF transfer non-HDL-C ratios in FH patients is consistent with impaired HDL function. These ratios may serve as a potential biomarker for identifying high-risk FH phenotypes, warranting validation in larger, prospective studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/edm2.70269","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148377351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reassessing Agreement Between Point of Care and Laboratory Triglyceride Measurements in High Risk Pregnancy.","authors":"Faizan Ahmed, Ahmed Raza, Abdullah Aman, Shahzadi Gulfishan","doi":"10.1002/edm2.70272","DOIUrl":"10.1002/edm2.70272","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"9 4","pages":"e70272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13367753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148449666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FZD7 Inhibitor SRI Attenuates High Glucose-Induced Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Injury Accompanied by Ferroptosis-Associated Changes via Suppression of the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway.","authors":"Jiaojiao Jiang, Liu Zheng, Liwu Tan, Zhixiang Ding","doi":"10.1002/edm2.70290","DOIUrl":"10.1002/edm2.70290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigated the protective effects of the Frizzled-7 (FZD7) inhibitor SRI against high glucose-induced injury in human retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells. It also explored the underlying mechanism, focusing on whether SRI attenuates ferroptosis and apoptosis by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ARPE-19 cells were exposed to high glucose (25 mM) and treated with a non-cytotoxic concentration of SRI (2 μmol/L), as determined by a CCK-8 assay. Wnt/β-catenin signalling was evaluated by measuring β-catenin expression and phosphorylation. The expression of GPX4, DHODH, and FSP1, together with intracellular Fe²⁺, ROS, and MDA levels, was assessed to evaluate ferroptosis and oxidative stress. Apoptosis was analysed by examining Bax and Bcl-2 expression, whereas mitochondrial ultrastructure was evaluated using quantitative transmission electron microscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Under hyperglycaemic conditions, SRI suppressed Wnt/β-catenin signalling by reducing β-catenin expression and promoting its phosphorylation. SRI activated a GPX4-independent ferroptosis defence pathway, evidenced by increased DHODH and FSP1 expression without affecting GPX4 levels. Furthermore, SRI reduced intracellular Fe²⁺, ROS and MDA accumulation, downregulated Bax, upregulated Bcl-2 and improved mitochondrial morphology with partial restoration of cristae integrity. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that SRI alleviates high glucose-induced oxidative stress, ferroptosis, apoptosis and mitochondrial damage.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SRI protects ARPE-19 cells from high glucose-induced injury by reducing ferroptosis-associated oxidative stress, apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction. These protective effects are mediated, at least in part, through inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signalling and activation of a DHODH/FSP1-dependent but GPX4-independent ferroptosis defence pathway. These findings suggest that FZD7 represents a promising therapeutic target for diabetic retinopathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"9 4","pages":"e70290"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13392192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148563054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Plant-Based Dietary Indices and Mediterranean Diet Score With the Odds of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Iranian Women: A Case-Control Study.","authors":"Mina Bahrami, Farnush Bakhshimoghaddam, Masoume Gharang, Masoud Veissi, Anahita Mansoori","doi":"10.1002/edm2.70279","DOIUrl":"10.1002/edm2.70279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a significant pregnancy complication. This study aimed to assess the association between plant-based dietary indices (PDI) and the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) with the odds of GDM in Iranian women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A case-control study was conducted involving 276 pregnant women (138 with GDM and 138 controls). Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire to calculate MDS, healthy PDI (hPDI), and unhealthy PDI (uPDI). Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher adherence to MDS (OR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.18-0.73) and hPDI (OR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.22-0.79) was associated with lower odds of GDM. Conversely, higher uPDI adherence was associated with increased odds of GDM (OR: 4.98; 95% CI: 2.39-9.34).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>A Mediterranean diet or a healthy plant-based diet may reduce GDM risk, while an unhealthy plant-based diet may increase it, highlighting the importance of diet quality in GDM prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"9 4","pages":"e70279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13355866/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148425066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Evogliptin for Intra-Class Therapeutic Interchange in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Subgroup Analysis From A Multi-Center, Prospective, Observational Study (REVISE Study)","authors":"Jie-Eun Lee,&nbsp;Jun Hwa Hong,&nbsp;Sung Hoon Yu,&nbsp;Ki-Hyun Baek,&nbsp;JaeMyung Yu,&nbsp;Seung Jin Lee,&nbsp;Hyung-Wook Kim,&nbsp;Kang Seo Park,&nbsp;Jung Han Kim,&nbsp;KyungWan Min,&nbsp;Yong Hwan Lee,&nbsp;Koon Soon Kim,&nbsp;Min Soo Song,&nbsp;Ji Hoon Kim,&nbsp;Jong Chul Won","doi":"10.1002/edm2.70270","DOIUrl":"10.1002/edm2.70270","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are commonly considered to have a class effect, emerging evidence suggests intra-class heterogeneity in pharmacological properties. For patients who fail to achieve target glycemic levels with initial DPP-4 inhibitors therapy, intra-class therapeutic interchange may offer an alternative to dose escalation or add-on therapy. This study evaluated the effectiveness of evogliptin, a novel and potent DPP-4 inhibitor with a unique binding structure, as a strategy for therapeutic optimization.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This follow-up analysis included patients with HbA1c ≥ 7.0% who had received metformin plus a DPP-4 inhibitor other than evogliptin for at least 12 weeks and were subsequently switched to evogliptin. Changes in HbA1c and target achievement at 12 and 24 weeks were assessed according to the initial DPP-4 inhibitors. Multivariable linear regression was performed to identify independent predictors of HbA1c reduction. Additional exploratory subgroup analyses were conducted according to demographic and baseline clinical characteristics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 770 patients in the effectiveness set, mean HbA1c decreased by −0.3% at 12 weeks and −0.5% at 24 weeks (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001 for both). In the sitagliptin group, reductions were −0.5% and −0.6%, respectively (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). At 24 weeks, 25.8% and 50.5% of patients achieved HbA1c targets of &lt; 6.5% and &lt; 7.0%, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Intraclass therapeutic interchange (ICTI) to evogliptin from other DPP-4 inhibitors was an effective and well-tolerated strategy for optimizing glycemic control. These findings suggest that intra-class therapeutic interchange could be an effective and well-tolerated strategy for optimizing glycemic control in a clinical setting. However, given the observational nature of this study, further controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings against a comparator group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Trial Registration</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04326166</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/edm2.70270","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148362803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Triglyceride-Glucose Index Combined With Obesity Indices and Lower Extremity Artery Disease in Type 2 Diabetes: A Sex-Stratified Analysis.","authors":"Rong Zhang, Guilin Liu, Qian Cui, Dan Fang, Zhenzhen Sun, Xiaodong Chen, Rendong Zheng, Zhenxiu Gao, Xiaodan Yuan","doi":"10.1002/edm2.70278","DOIUrl":"10.1002/edm2.70278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lower extremity artery disease (LEAD) is highly prevalent among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in China. This study aimed to investigate the associations of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and its combinations with obesity indicators with LEAD in patients with T2DM, and to evaluate their ability to discriminate LEAD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 2424 individuals with T2DM were recruited from two tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu Province between June 2018 and July 2022. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves were used to evaluate the nonlinear associations of the TyG index and its combinations with obesity indicators with LEAD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed to assess the association and discriminatory ability of these indices. Pairwise comparisons of AUCs were performed using the DeLong test, and Bonferroni correction was applied to adjust for multiple comparisons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RCS analysis revealed three distinct association patterns: TyG-BMI showed a positive linear association, the TyG index and TyG-WHR exhibited U-shaped associations, and TyG-WC, TyG-WHtR and TyG-NC demonstrated J-shaped associations with LEAD. In sex-stratified analyses, most indices showed positive linear associations in males, whereas nonlinear patterns were observed for multiple indices in females. Among all indices, TyG-BMI exhibited the highest discriminatory ability for identifying LEAD, albeit with a modest unadjusted AUC of 0.623. This discriminatory ability was more pronounced in males (AUC: 0.660) than in females (AUC: 0.539).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among the TyG-derived indices, TyG-BMI demonstrated the highest discriminatory ability for identifying LEAD in patients with T2DM, particularly in males; however, the discriminatory performance remained modest (AUC: 0.623). TyG-BMI may serve as a convenient tool for rapid LEAD risk stratification using routine clinical data to identify individuals requiring further vascular assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"9 4","pages":"e70278"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13341960/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148406218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Presentation and Early Outcomes of Congenital Endocrine Salt-Wasting Syndromes Unrelated to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency.","authors":"Vittorio Ferrari, Valentina Assirelli, Emma Bonaguri, Giovanni Silva, Rita Ortolano, Federico Baronio, Marcello Lanari, Antonio Balsamo","doi":"10.1002/edm2.70281","DOIUrl":"10.1002/edm2.70281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Congenital endocrine salt-wasting syndromes unrelated to 21-hydroxylase deficiency are rare disorders with overlapping clinical and biochemical features at presentation. This study described the spectrum, early clinical course, and 36-month outcomes of these conditions in the era of newborn screening, and assessed whether severity at presentation was associated with later treatment requirements and growth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective single-center cohort study including infants diagnosed between 1989 and 2023 with endocrine salt-wasting syndromes unrelated to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Clinical presentation, biochemical findings, treatment requirements, genetic data, and longitudinal growth outcomes up to 36 months were analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty patients were included: eight with aldosterone synthase deficiency, six with renal pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1, four with systemic pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1, and two with congenital adrenal hypoplasia. Systemic pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 presented earliest and with the most severe biochemical abnormalities, requiring higher sodium supplementation at onset. Aldosterone synthase deficiency and renal pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 presented later, with less severe, overlapping biochemical profiles. Differences in early management across etiologies were mainly limited to sodium supplementation, whereas time to electrolyte stabilization and mineralocorticoid initiation did not differ significantly. In exploratory analyses, severity at presentation was not associated with later treatment requirements or growth outcomes, whereas growth was largely preserved, with greater auxological vulnerability in systemic pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Congenital endocrine salt-wasting syndromes unrelated to 21-hydroxylase deficiency show substantial overlap at onset, whereas disease-specific features become more recognizable during follow-up. Growth outcomes were generally preserved with appropriate management and did not appear to be influenced by clinical severity at presentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"9 4","pages":"e70281"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13382075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148521166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}