Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Intentional Weight Loss and Associated Cancer Incidence Among People With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Literature Review","authors":"Chi-Yin Liao,&nbsp;David Schapiro,&nbsp;Donna Mojdami,&nbsp;Kristin M. Sheffield,&nbsp;Meredith M. Hoog,&nbsp;Raghuvir Keni,&nbsp;Wambui Grace Gathirua-Mwangi,&nbsp;Hong Kan","doi":"10.1002/edm2.70104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/edm2.70104","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While obesity is linked to increased cancer risk, evidence on the impact of intentional weight loss on obesity-associated cancers (OACs) is limited. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to assess the association between intentional weight loss and cancer incidence, including overall cancers and 13 OACs, from recent observational studies and clinical trials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Studies published between January 2019 and May 2023 were searched within MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL. Studies assessing the relationship between intentional weight loss, defined as weight reduction via metabolic-bariatric surgery (MBS) or lifestyle interventions, and cancer incidence were included. A dual independent review process was used to screen 1954 abstracts and 84 full-text articles, and to extract data from 18 full studies. All discrepancies were resolved by another reviewer.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the 18 studies included, 17 studies were observational, focusing on MBS as the method for achieving weight reduction. One randomised controlled trial examined the effect of intensive lifestyle intervention on weight reduction and found no significant association between intentional weight loss and cancer risk. Intentional weight loss was associated with decreased cancer incidence in 71.4% (<i>n</i> = 5/7) of studies for all cancers and 66.7% (<i>n</i> = 4/6) of studies for OACs, with reported risk reductions of 11% to 33% and 11% to 41%, respectively. For specific OACs, a greater number of studies indicated that weight reduction was associated with reduced occurrence of endometrial (4/4, 100%, 31%–53% risk reduction), female breast (5/9, 55.6%, 19%–50% risk reduction) and colorectal (4/7, 57.1%, 20%–60% risk reduction) cancers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This SLR highlights the potential cancer risk-reduction benefit of weight reduction for people with obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/edm2.70104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Aldosterone Synthase Inhibitors in Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Jia Shen Goh,&nbsp;Sameen Sohail,&nbsp;Haroon Ayub,&nbsp;Zian Zafar Cheema,&nbsp;Nitish Behary Paray,&nbsp;Sanka Adikari,&nbsp;Ahmad Mesmar,&nbsp;Mohammad Atout,&nbsp;Abdul Rehman Qazi,&nbsp;Ahmad Aldalqamouni,&nbsp;Bilal Younas,&nbsp;Muhammad Atif Rauf,&nbsp;Muhammad Azhar Waheed Khan,&nbsp;Aya Abouayana,&nbsp;Ahmed Eid Ahmed Abouayana,&nbsp;Ali Hasan,&nbsp;Maryam Shahzad,&nbsp;Mushood Ahmed,&nbsp;Raheel Ahmed,&nbsp;Saeed Ahmed","doi":"10.1002/edm2.70094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/edm2.70094","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hypertension remains a major contributor to global cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Aldosterone, a key hormone in blood pressure regulation, plays a significant role in hypertension pathophysiology. This has led to growing interest in aldosterone synthase inhibitors (ASIs) as a potential treatment. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ASIs in managing hypertension.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic search of PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane Central was conducted up to 13 July 2025, to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating ASIs in hypertensive adults. Data were analysed using RevMan version 5.4, employing random-effects models with significance set at <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 8 RCTs were included, with a total of 2003 participants in the ASI group and 650 participants in the placebo group. ASIs significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) compared to placebo (MD: −6.01 mmHg; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −9.31 to −2.71; I² = 85%; <i>p</i> = 0.0004); diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was found to be comparable between the two groups (MD: −2.20 mmHg; 95% CI: −4.46 to 0.06; I² = 69%; <i>p</i> = 0.06). There was a significant reduction in serum aldosterone levels favouring ASI use (MD: −1.46; 95% CI: −2.76 to −0.16; I² = 99%; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.00001). The risk of serious (RD: 0.00; 95% CI: −0.01 to 0.02; I² = 30%; <i>p</i> = 0.75) and non-serious adverse events (RD: 0.05; 95% CI: −0.02 to 0.12; I² = 64%; <i>p</i> = 0.20) did not differ significantly between ASI and placebo groups. However, ASI use was associated with a significantly higher risk of hyperkalemia (RD: 0.04; 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.06; I² = 70%; <i>p</i> = 0.002).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ASIs effectively lower SBP and serum aldosterone in adults with hypertension. They appear safe overall but may increase the risk of hyperkalemia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/edm2.70094","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to ‘Clinical Outcomes of Patients With Bethesda III or IV Cytology on Fine Needle Aspiration of Thyroid Nodules—A Retrospective Study’","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/edm2.70106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/edm2.70106","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Khan AA, Jasim NKE, Al-Mannai NEAH, Ata F, Goyal R, Jaber T. Clinical Outcomes of Patients With Bethesda III or IV Cytology on Fine Needle Aspiration of Thyroid Nodules-A Retrospective Study. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2025;8(5):e70076.</p><p>In the Acknowledgements section on Page 7 of the manuscript, the APC for publication was attributed to the wrong entity.</p><p>Instead of ‘Article processing charges for the publication of this study were provided by the Qatar National Library (QNL)’, we would like to change this to:</p><p>Article processing charges for the publication of this study were provided by the Medical Research Center (MRC) at Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC).</p><p>We apologise for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/edm2.70106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality, Reliability and Accuracy of Hyperthyroidism-Related Content on Social Media Platform TikTok","authors":"Aayush Shah,&nbsp;Raika Bourmand,&nbsp;Freddy Albaladejo,&nbsp;Karthik Jarugula,&nbsp;Sofia Olsson,&nbsp;Zainab Farzal,&nbsp;Viraj Shah","doi":"10.1002/edm2.70105","DOIUrl":"10.1002/edm2.70105","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective(s)</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the quality, reliability and accuracy of hyperthyroidism-related content on TikTok using validated assessment tools.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We systematically searched TikTok for ‘hyperthyroid’ and ‘high thyroid’, analysing 115 videos after exclusions. Two independent researchers assessed videos using the Global Quality Scale (GQS, range 0–5) for overall content quality, the modified DISCERN (mDISCERN, range 0–5) for reliability and the Accuracy in Digital Information (ANDI, range 0–4) tool for factual correctness. We categorised creator credentials and content purpose, performing statistical analyses to examine associations with video quality and engagement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the 115 videos analysed, the mean ANDI score was 3.15/4, the mean GQS was 2.72/5, and the mean mDISCERN score was 2.47/5. Educational content (98.3%) demonstrated higher GQS (<i>p</i> = 0.019) and mDISCERN (<i>p</i> = 0.040) scores than non-educational content. Conversely, anecdotal content (35.7%) was associated with significantly lower GQS (<i>p</i> = 0.002) and mDISCERN (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) scores. Healthcare professionals (HCPs, 37.4% of creators) produced videos with higher ANDI (<i>p</i> = 0.015), GQS (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and mDISCERN (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) scores than non-HCPs. Notably, physician-created videos garnered higher engagement across all metrics (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While some TikTok content on hyperthyroidism is of high quality, particularly from healthcare professionals, the platform is dominated by lower quality content from non-experts. This underscores the need for increased engagement from healthcare professionals on social media to improve the accuracy and reliability of health information available to the public.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/edm2.70105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145034278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid Accumulation Product Index as a Marker of Metabolic Syndrome in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Seyed Arsalan Seyedi,&nbsp;Seyed Ali Nabipoorashrafi,&nbsp;Samira Amin Afshari,&nbsp;Afsoun Mansouri,&nbsp;Dorsa Alizadegan,&nbsp;Sara Hobaby,&nbsp;Fatemeh Esmaeilpur Abianeh,&nbsp;Jeffrey I. Mechanick,&nbsp;Alireza Esteghamati","doi":"10.1002/edm2.70078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/edm2.70078","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lipid accumulation product (LAP) index is a measure of lipid toxicity based on triglyceride and waist circumference. The aim of the current study is to explore the relationship between LAP index and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in a systematic review and meta-analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Web of Science, Embase and PubMed online databases were systematically searched for studies investigating the relationship between LAP index and MetS in PCOS. Ten observational studies, including 12 populations with 2957 individuals, were identified for analysis. Mean difference and bivariate diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) meta-analyses were performed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A significant LAP index difference of 49.17 was found in women with PCOS with and without MetS (95% CI [40.57, 57.77]). By DTA meta-analysis, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of LAP index for MetS detection were 87% (<i>I</i>² 78%, 95% CI [80%, 92%]) and 88% (<i>I</i>² 78%, 95% CI [83%, 92%]), respectively, with area under the curve of 0.94 (95% CI [0.91, 0.96]).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The LAP index is an affordable, specific and sensitive marker for MetS and may be considered a pragmatic tool for MetS detection among patients with PCOS, particularly those with an insulin resistance endotype.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/edm2.70078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined Metformin and Baricitinib Therapy Attenuates Inflammation in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats via AMPK/JAK–STAT Pathway Crosstalk","authors":"Mostafa Allahyari,&nbsp;AbdolJalal Marjani,&nbsp;Marie Saghaeian Jazi,&nbsp;Mehrdad Jahanshahi","doi":"10.1002/edm2.70101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/edm2.70101","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chronic inflammation is a critical factor contributing to diabetes complications. Baricitinib inhibits JAK–STAT signalling, which can contribute to an anti-inflammatory effect. Similarly, metformin demonstrates anti-inflammatory properties by activating the AMPK–SIRT pathway and suppressing the NF-ᴋB signalling pathway. Here, we explored the effects of the coadministration of metformin and baricitinib in diabetic rats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Streptozotocin (40 mg/kg body weight) was administered to rats to develop diabetes after 2 weeks of 10% fructose solution consumption. The rats were treated with baricitinib (0.5, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg) and 150 mg/kg metformin for 1 month. A dose of 0.5 mg/kg baricitinib was chosen for combination therapy with metformin.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Key Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Baricitinib induced significant weight loss at all three doses (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) and significantly increased lipid profile parameters in comparison to the diabetic control group (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). Pancreatic NF-ᴋB levels and HOMA-IR were meaningfully reduced in all treatment groups (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.01). Metformin and combination therapy significantly reduced serum TNF-α levels (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, baricitinib at different doses and combination therapy significantly elevated serum IL-10 levels (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). Additionally, combination therapy significantly upregulated the liver expression of NF-ᴋB, SOCS1, SOCS3, AMPK and SIRT-1 (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.01).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results suggest that the coadministration of metformin with baricitinib reduces insulin resistance, improves histopathological alterations in the liver and pancreatic islet cells and counteracts the adverse effects of baricitinib on the lipid profile in diabetic rats. These findings hold particular significance for patients undergoing baricitinib treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/edm2.70101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Erectile Dysfunction in Malagasy Patients With Diabetes Mellitus and Its Associations With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Sitraka Angelo Raharinavalona,&nbsp;Tafitarilova Dorland Ranjandriarison,&nbsp;Thierry Razanamparany,&nbsp;Romuald Randriamahavonjy,&nbsp;Andrianirina Dave Patrick Rakotomalala","doi":"10.1002/edm2.70098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/edm2.70098","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study aims to determine the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) and its associations with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in Malagasy patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of 3 years at the Soavinandriana Hospital Center. Erectile function was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function 5-item version (IIEF-5) questionnaire, with a score of less than 22 indicating ED. The presence of ASCVD was confirmed in cases where carotid atherosclerosis (CAS), lower limb arteriopathy (LLA), coronary heart disease (CHD) and/or ischaemic stroke were present.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study population included 305 patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM). The prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) was 73.4%. According to the bivariate analysis, the risk factors for ED were age ≥ 55 years (odds ratio [OR] 12.0 (6.34–23.4)), hypertension (OR 6.02 (3.27–11.3)), physical inactivity (OR 8.86 (4.85–16.6)), smoking (OR 2.53 (1.32–5.09)), dyslipidemia (OR 4.11 (2.33–7.32)), type 2 DM (OR 8.80 (1.53–91.0)) and diabetes duration ≥ 10 years (OR 2.24 (1.11–4.87)), renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers (OR 6.27 (3.43–11.6)), calcium-channel blockers (OR 3.01 (1.69–5.48)), diuretics (OR 2.14 (1.06–4.66)) and beta-blockers (OR 4.55 (1.85–13.5)). After adjusting for age, hypertension, physical inactivity, smoking and dyslipidemia, ED was significantly associated with ASCVD (OR 1.88 (1.01–3.69)), and CAS (OR 1.89 (1.03–3.22)). Adjusting for age, type and duration of DM, ED was found to be significantly associated with ASCVD (OR 1.91 (1.01–3.58)) and CAS (OR 2.31 (1.11–4.85)). However, there was no statistically significant association between ED, LLA, CHD and ischaemic stroke.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ED was very common and may be a predictor of ASCVD in patients with DM, particularly CAS. Consequently, the presence of ED should prompt the search for ASCVD, and vice versa.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/edm2.70098","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144894422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Combined Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Anti-Diabetes Medications on Glycaemic Control for People With Type 2 Diabetes Not Using Insulin","authors":"Poorva M. Nemlekar,&nbsp;Katia L. Hannah,&nbsp;Courtney R. Green,&nbsp;Gregory J. Norman","doi":"10.1002/edm2.70089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/edm2.70089","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) offers a detailed view of glycaemic management, potentially enhancing the effectiveness of non-insulin, anti-diabetes medications. This study aimed to evaluate whether CGM use in combination with anti-diabetes medications is associated with changes in A1c among people with type 2 diabetes not using insulin.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This was a retrospective, observational analysis of administrative claims and linked laboratory data from Optum's Clinformatics Data Mart database. The study observation period covered 01/07/2018 through 30/06/2023 with 6-month baseline and follow-up periods. CGM use in conjunction with ≥ 1 of five anti-diabetes medication classes: metformin, sulfonylureas, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and/or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) was required. The primary outcome was change in A1c from baseline. Linear regression models tested the main and interaction effects of CGM and each anti-diabetes medication.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, 52,394 CGM-naïve adults with non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes using anti-diabetes medications were identified (4086 CGM users; 48,308 CGM non-users). CGM use was associated with a –0.45% greater A1c change among CGM users compared to CGM non-users (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). After adjusting for covariates, CGM users experienced greater A1c reductions vs. CGM non-users with all medications, but statistically significant interactions showed that for DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 RAs and sulfonylureas, there were greater decreases in A1c for CGM users vs. CGM non-users who were taking the medication compared to CGM users vs. CGM non-users who were not taking the medication. A1c change between CGM users vs. CGM non-users did not vary by metformin or SGLT2 inhibitor use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings suggest that CGM use could augment the glycaemic benefits of anti-diabetes medications in people with non-insulin treated type 2 diabetes. These results support broader adoption of CGM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/edm2.70089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144894421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mortality Trends and Disparities in Cerebrovascular Disease Among Diabetic Population in the United States From 1999 to 2020: A CDC WONDER Analysis","authors":"Allahdad Khan,&nbsp;Waseef Ullah,&nbsp;Moeen Ikram,&nbsp;Rameez Qasim,&nbsp;Umama Alam,&nbsp;Maheen Sheraz,&nbsp;Ayesha Khan,&nbsp;Kainat Kanwal,&nbsp;Peter Collins,&nbsp;Raheel Ahmed","doi":"10.1002/edm2.70091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/edm2.70091","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Diabetes mellitus (DM) significantly increases the risk of cerebrovascular disease (CeVD), a major cause of mortality and long-term disability. Despite improvements in healthcare, disparities in CeVD-related mortality among diabetic populations in the United States persist.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a retrospective analysis using the CDC WONDER database from 1999 to 2020 to assess mortality trends related to CeVD among adults aged ≥ 45 years with DM. Deaths were identified using ICD-10 codes I60–I69 (CeVD) and E10–E14 (DM). Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) were calculated, and trends were analysed using Joinpoint regression, stratified by age, race/ethnicity, geography, urbanisation, and place of death.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 689,846 CeVD-related deaths occurred in diabetic individuals. AAMR decreased from 36.9 in 1999 to 29.3 in 2020, with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of −1.41%. However, a sharp rise was observed from 2018 to 2020 (APC 14.87%), indicating a concerning reversal in progress. The highest crude mortality rates were in the 75–84 age group, and the lowest in the 45–54 group. Black and Hispanic populations, rural residents, and those in the Southern United States had the highest mortality rates. The Northeast and Asian populations had the lowest, reflecting persistent disparities in access to care and preventive services.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While CeVD mortality in diabetics declined over two decades, the recent reversal highlights emerging challenges, possibly due to healthcare disruptions and socioeconomic disparities. These findings underscore the need for targeted public health interventions to address inequities and improve outcomes in high-risk populations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/edm2.70091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144888281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Intensive Insulin Therapy With Empagliflozin in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomised Study","authors":"Nobutoshi Fushimi,&nbsp;Hiroki Hachiya,&nbsp;Tatsuya Iwasaka,&nbsp;Machi Nagao,&nbsp;Tomoki Masamura,&nbsp;Kohei Higashi,&nbsp;Akihiro Mori","doi":"10.1002/edm2.70096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/edm2.70096","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims/Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Glucotoxicity exacerbates hyperglycemia by impairing insulin secretion and sensitivity, necessitating effective interventions. Although short-term intensive insulin therapy (SIIT) mitigates glucotoxicity, the effect of combining SIIT with sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in hospitalised type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with severe hyperglycemia remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combining SGLT2 inhibitors with basal bolus therapy (BBT) for glycemic control in hospitalised patients with T2DM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this randomised, open-label, single-centre trial, 35 eligible T2DM patients hospitalised for treating hyperglycemia were allocated to the BBT (<i>n</i> = 17) or BBT with empagliflozin (BBT + E) groups (<i>n</i> = 18). Patients were monitored for 7 days using flash glucose monitoring. The primary outcome was time-in-range (TIR, 70–180 mg/dL). The secondary outcomes included time-above-range (TAR), time-below-range (TBR), daily glucose levels, total daily insulin dose and ketone body concentration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The BBT + E group exhibited a significantly higher TIR from day 2, which exceeded 70% by day 5, with reduced TAR and insulin requirements. Blood glucose levels declined more rapidly in the BBT + E group, accompanied by a modest ketone elevation without severe ketoacidosis. The TBR increased marginally on day 7, primarily nocturnally; but no symptomatic hypoglycaemia occurred.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The addition of SGLT2 inhibitors to BBT significantly improved early glycaemic control and reduced insulin requirements without severe ketone elevation in hospitalised T2DM patients. Routine monitoring of ketone levels and careful insulin titration are critical to ensure safety.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/edm2.70096","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144869684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}