Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Machine-learning algorithms in screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus: Data from Fasa Adults Cohort Study","authors":"Hanieh Karmand,&nbsp;Aref Andishgar,&nbsp;Reza Tabrizi,&nbsp;Alireza Sadeghi,&nbsp;Babak Pezeshki,&nbsp;Mahdi Ravankhah,&nbsp;Erfan Taherifard,&nbsp;Fariba Ahmadizar","doi":"10.1002/edm2.472","DOIUrl":"10.1002/edm2.472","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The application of machine learning (ML) is increasingly growing in biomedical sciences. This study aimed to evaluate factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and compare the performance of ML methods in identifying individuals with the disease in an Iranian setting.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using the baseline data from Fasa Adult Cohort Study (FACS) and in a sex-stratified manner, we studied factors associated with T2DM by applying seven different ML methods including Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN), Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) and Bagging classifier (BAG). We further compared the performance of these methods; for each algorithm, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, F1 score, and Area Under Curve (AUC) were calculated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>10,112 participants were recruited between 2014 and 2016, of whom 1246 had T2DM at baseline. 4566 (45%) participants were males, aged between 35 and 70 years. For males, age, sugar consumption, and history of hospitalization were the most weighted variables regarding their importance in screening for T2DM using the GBM model, respectively; these variables were sugar consumption, urine blood, and age for females. GBM outperformed other models for both males and females with AUC of 0.75 (0.69–0.82) and 0.76 (0.71–0.80), and F1 score of 0.33 (0.27–0.39) and 0.42 (0.38–0.46), respectively. GBM also showed a sensitivity of 0.24 (0.19–0.29) and a specificity of 0.98 (0.96–1.0) in males and a sensitivity of 0.38 (0.34–0.42) and specificity of 0.92 (0.89–0.95) in females. Notably, close performance characteristics were detected among other ML models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>GBM model might achieve better performance in screening for T2DM in a south Iranian population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/edm2.472","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139973836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Copeptin and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD) after pituitary transsphenoidal surgery","authors":"Agathoklis Efthymiadis,&nbsp;Riccardo Pofi,&nbsp;Hussam Rostom,&nbsp;Tim James,&nbsp;Brian Shine,&nbsp;Nish Guha,&nbsp;Simon Cudlip,&nbsp;Mirjam Christ-Crain,&nbsp;Aparna Pal","doi":"10.1002/edm2.467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/edm2.467","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study evaluates the predictive value of copeptin for syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD) postpituitary transsphenoidal surgery (TSS).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from 133 consecutive patients undergoing TSS (November 2017–October 2022) at Oxford University Hospitals NHS trust are presented in this retrospective study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Logistic regression (LR) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of copeptin. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare copeptin levels between the SIAD and no SIAD groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fourteen patients (10.8%) developed SIAD. Copeptin was available in 121, 53 and 87 patients for Days 1, 241 and 8 post-TSS, respectively. LR for Day 1 copeptin to predict SIAD gave an odds ratio (OR) of 1.0 (95%CI 42 0.84–1.20, <i>p</i> = .99), area under-ROC curve (AUC) was 0.49; Day 2 copeptin OR was 0.65 (95%CI 0.39–1.19, 43 <i>p</i> = .77), AUC was 0.57 LR for Day 1 sodium to predict SIAD gave an odds ratio (OR) of 1.0 (95%CI 0.85–1.21, <i>p</i> = .99), AUC was 0.50.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In conclusion, our data provide no evidence for copeptin as a predictive marker for post-TSS SIAD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/edm2.467","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139488558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the association of two metabolic syndrome definitions, NCEP ATP III and IDF, with the risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: An analytical cross-sectional study","authors":"Gholamreza Yousefzadeh,&nbsp;Amin Sayyadi,&nbsp;Hamid Najafipour,&nbsp;Vida Sabaghnejad,&nbsp;Sara Pezeshki","doi":"10.1002/edm2.468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/edm2.468","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) are significant sources of mortality and morbidity with substantial economic implications and preventive measures play key roles in this regard. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common condition, and its association with ASCVD and mortality has made it clinically important. However, controversies persist regarding the best definition for MetS. Here in, we investigated the ability of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) in the prediction of ASCVD incidence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted an investigation on individuals diagnosed with MetS as part of the “Kerman Coronary Artery Diseases Risk Factor Study” (KERCADRS). This study was a cohort study conducted on a population aged 15–75 years residing in Kerman, Iran to assess the risk of ASCVD. We employed ACC/AHA ASCVD Risk Estimator for predicting ASCVD occurrence in the future and then compared the results with different definitions of MetS including IDF and NCEP ATP III.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients with MetS consistent with NCEP ATP III had higher ASCVD risk scores than those with IDF (10.63 ± 10.989 vs. 9.50 ± 9.357). NCEP ATP III had better overall performance in terms of specificity, accuracy, sensitivity and positive and negative predictive values especially in higher ASCVD risk score categories. The agreement between IDF and NCEP ATP III was none to slight (Cohen's Kappa &lt;0.2) except for IDF in the group of ASCVD &gt;30%, which revealed no agreement (Cohen's Kappa = 0).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>NCEP ATP III has better overall performance compared to IDF. The ability of NCEP ATP III increases as the ASCVD risk score goes higher. IDF may be useful in primary screening and patients with lower ASCVD risk scores.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/edm2.468","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139488559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-world glycaemic outcomes in patients with type 1 diabetes using glucose sensors—Experience from a single centre in Dublin","authors":"Robert E. Lyons,&nbsp;Roshaida Abdul Wahab,&nbsp;Sue Yee Goh,&nbsp;Cathy Breen,&nbsp;Amanda Rhynehart,&nbsp;Mary O'Scannail,&nbsp;Hannah Jade Kelly,&nbsp;Karl Neff,&nbsp;Donal O'Shea,&nbsp;Ronan Canavan,&nbsp;Wan Aizad Wan Mahmood","doi":"10.1002/edm2.469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/edm2.469","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate changes in glycated haemoglobin (HbA₁c) and sensor-based glycaemic metrics after glucose sensor commencement in adults with T1D.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We performed a retrospective observational single-centre study on HbA₁c, and sensor-based glycaemic data following the initiation of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in adults with T1D (<i>n</i> = 209).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We observed an overall improvement in HbA₁c from 66 (59–78) mmol/mol [8.2 (7.5–9.3)%] pre-sensor to 60 (53–71) mmol/mol [7.6 (7.0–8.6)%] on-sensor (<i>p</i> &lt; .001). The pre-sensor HbA₁c improved from 66 (57–74) mmol/mol [8.2 (7.4–8.9)%] to 62 (54–71) mmol/mol [7.8 (7.1–8.7)%] within the first year of usage to 60 (53–69) mmol/mol [7.6 (7.0–8.4)%] in the following year (<i>n</i> = 121, <i>p</i> &lt; .001). RT-CGM-user had a significant improvement in HbA₁c (Dexcom G6; <i>p</i> &lt; .001, <i>r</i> = 0.33 and Guardian 3; <i>p</i> &lt; .001, <i>r</i> = 0.59) while a non-significant reduction was seen in FGM-user (Libre 1; <i>p</i> = .279). Both MDI (<i>p</i> &lt; .001, <i>r</i> = 0.33) and CSII group (<i>p</i> &lt; .001, <i>r</i> = 0.41) also demonstrated significant HbA₁c improvement. Patients with pre-sensor HbA₁c of ≥64 mmol/mol [8.0%] (<i>n</i> = 125), had attenuation of pre-sensor HbA₁c from 75 (68–83) mmol/mol [9.0 (8.4–9.7)%] to 67 (59–75) mmol/mol [8.2 (7.6–9.0)%] (<i>p</i> &lt; .001, <i>r</i> = 0.44). Altogether, 25.8% of patients achieved the recommended HbA₁c goal of ≤53 mmol/mol and 16.7% attained the recommended ≥70% time in range (3.9–10.0 mmol/L).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study demonstrated that minimally invasive glucose sensor technology in adults with T1D is associated with improvement in glycaemic outcomes. However, despite significant improvements in HbA₁c, achieving the recommended goals for all glycaemic metrics remained challenging.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/edm2.469","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139488560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The serum levels of angiopoietin-like protein 3 and 4 in type 2 diabetic patients with and without metabolic syndrome compared to the control group","authors":"Sharabeh Hezarkhani,&nbsp;Aytekin Hajighaderi,&nbsp;Sara Hosseinzadeh,&nbsp;Naser Behnampour,&nbsp;Gholamreza Veghari,&nbsp;Farshid Fathabadi,&nbsp;Zahra Hesari,&nbsp;Hamid Reza Joshaghani","doi":"10.1002/edm2.466","DOIUrl":"10.1002/edm2.466","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ANGPTLs (Angiopoietin-like proteins) 3 and 4 play an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes. These glycoproteins affect the modulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. They inhibit lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and provoke lipolysis. This study was aimed to investigate the protein levels of ANGPTL3 and 4 in the serum of type 2 diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome in comparison to the type 2 diabetic patients without metabolic syndrome and the control group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three groups of individuals were included in this study; Group I: 47 patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome; Group II: 25 patients with type 2 diabetes without metabolic syndrome; Group III: 40 non-diabetic healthy people without metabolic syndrome as a control group. After collection of 5 mL fasting blood samples, serum concentrations of fasting blood sugar (FBS), cholesterol (Chol), triglyceride (TG), HDL-C (High-density lipoprotein-Cholesterol) and LDL-C (Low-density lipoprotein-Cholesterol) were measured by the enzymatic method; blood pressure (BP), height and weight with stadiometers; and ANGPTL3 and 4 by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The serum levels of ANGPTL3 was significantly different among our three groups (<i>p</i> = .000). In patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome (Group I), ANGPTL3 and 4 levels were lower than the control group.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The serum levels of the parameters evaluated in this study (except HDL-C) was lower in the group II in comparison with the group I, and this difference was significant for TG, Chol, BP and BMI between these two groups. Also, our results revealed that there was a negative correlation between FBS, TG, Chol, LDL-C and BMI with ANGPTL3 and 4. While, there was a significant positive correlation between ANGPTL4 and ANGPTL3.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Altogether, our findings suggest that the decreased levels of ANGPTL3 and 4 may be a causative factor for type 2 diabetes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/edm2.466","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138886174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Holistic burden of illness in patients with endogenous Cushing's syndrome: A systematic literature review","authors":"Gabrielle Page-Wilson,&nbsp;Bhagyashree Oak,&nbsp;Abigail Silber,&nbsp;Janetricks C. Okeyo,&nbsp;Nancy Ortiz,&nbsp;Matthew O'Hara,&nbsp;Stephen Moloney,&nbsp;Eliza B. Geer","doi":"10.1002/edm2.464","DOIUrl":"10.1002/edm2.464","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective of this systematic literature review (SLR) was to summarize the latest studies evaluating the burden of illness in endogenous Cushing's syndrome (CS), including the impact of CS on overall and domain-specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and the economic burden of CS to provide a holistic understanding of disease and treatment burden.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An SLR was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE and Embase using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist to identify peer-reviewed manuscripts and conference abstracts published in English from 2015 to December 4, 2020.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty-five publications were eligible for inclusion; data were extracted from 37 primary studies while 8 SLRs were included for reference only. Thirty-one studies reported HRQoL using validated patient reported outcome (PRO) measures in pre- or post-surgery, radiotherapy and pharmacotherapy patients. Overall, this SLR found that patients with CS have worse outcomes relative to healthy populations across specific dimensions, such as depression, despite an improvement in HRQoL post-treatment. These findings reveal that CS symptoms are not fully resolved by the existing care paradigm. Few studies report on the economic burden of CS and currently available data indicate a high direct healthcare system cost burden.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients with CS experience a significant, complex and multifactorial HRQoL burden. Symptom-specific burden studies are sparse in the literature and the understanding of long-term CS symptomatic burden and economic burden is limited. This review intends to provide an updated reference for clinicians, payers and other stakeholders on the burden of CS as reported in published literature and to encourage further research in this area.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/edm2.464","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138832010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beta arrestin-related signalling axes are influenced by dexamethasone and metformin in vascular smooth muscle cells cultured in high glucose condition","authors":"Ali Akbar Soleimani,&nbsp;Nafiseh Shokri,&nbsp;Mohammad Elahimanesh,&nbsp;Payam Mohammadi,&nbsp;Najmeh Parvaz,&nbsp;Masoomeh Bakhshandeh,&nbsp;Mohammad Najafi","doi":"10.1002/edm2.465","DOIUrl":"10.1002/edm2.465","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Metformin (Met) and dexamethasone (Dexa) are known to reduce blood sugar levels and anti-inflammatory effects, respectively. Based on the acceleration of atherosclerosis process in diabetes, the β-arrestin 2 (BARR2) gene and protein expression levels were evaluated in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) treated with Met and Dexa in high glucose conditions in this study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Materials</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Human VSMCs were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium/Nutrient Mixture F-12 (DMEM-F12) medium and, were treated with different values of Met (1 mM, 5 mM and 7 mM) and Dexa (10⁻⁷ M, 10⁻⁶ M and 10⁻⁵ M) in 24- and 48-h periods. The BARR2 gene and protein expression levels were identified with RT-qPCR and western blotting techniques, respectively. The signalling axes were predicted from gene network made using Cytoscape software and, were annotated with Gene Ontology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The BARR2 gene and protein expression levels reduced in VSMCs treated with Dexa and Met after 24- and 48-h periods. These results were more changed after 48 h. Furthermore, many BARR2-related signalling axes were found from the network genes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Met and Dexa suppressed the BARR2 protein and gene expression levels in the VSMCs. Moreover, the gene network suggested some the cellular signalling axes related to BARR2 that may be affected by Met and Dexa.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/edm2.465","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138810071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucagon-like peptide agonists: A prospective review","authors":"Zamara Mariam,&nbsp;Sarfaraz K. Niazi","doi":"10.1002/edm2.462","DOIUrl":"10.1002/edm2.462","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have emerged as promising therapeutic options for addressing Type-2 diabetes, obesity, and related conditions. Among these, semaglutide, tirzepatide, liraglutide etc., all notable GLP-1RA, have gained attention owing to their favourable pharmacological properties and clinical efficacy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This comprehensive review aims to provide a detailed analysis of both the currently available GLP-1RAs in the market and those undergoing clinical trials. The focus is on examining their mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, efficacy in glycemic control and weight management, safety profile, and potential applications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials &amp; Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The review employs a systematic approach to gather information on GLP-1RAs. Relevant literature from the currently literature and ongoing clinical trials is thoroughly examined. Detailed scrutiny is applied to understand the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic properties, and clinical outcomes of these agents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The review presents a comprehensive overview of the GLP-1RAs, highlighting their distinct mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetic profiles, and clinical effectiveness in glycemic control and weight management. Safety profiles are also discussed, providing a holistic understanding of these therapeutic agents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings are discussed in the context of advancements in the field of GLP-1RAs. Potential applications beyond diabetes and obesity are explored, shedding light on the broader implications of these agents in managing related conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In conclusion, this review underscores the significance of GLP-1RAs, with a specific focus on semaglutide, in the management of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and beyond. By synthesizing information on their mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety, this review provides valuable insights into the potential benefits these agents offer, contributing to the ongoing discourse in the field.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/edm2.462","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138810073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rectal sensitivity correlated with gastrointestinal-mediated glucose disposal, but not the incretin effect","authors":"Sondre Meling,&nbsp;Erling Tjora,&nbsp;Heike Eichele,&nbsp;Rasmus B. Nedergaard,&nbsp;Filip K. Knop,&nbsp;Niels Ejskjaer,&nbsp;Siri Carlsen,&nbsp;Pål R. Njølstad,&nbsp;Christina Brock,&nbsp;Eirik Søfteland","doi":"10.1002/edm2.463","DOIUrl":"10.1002/edm2.463","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Objective&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The mechanisms behind the diminished incretin effect in type 2 diabetes are uncertain, but impaired vagal transmission has been suggested. We aimed to investigate the association between the incretin effect and autonomic neuropathy, and the degree of dysglycaemia and duration of diabetes.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Design and Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;For a cross-sectional study, we included participants with either longstanding type 2 diabetes, recent onset, untreated diabetes and controls without diabetes matched for age, sex and body mass index. Autonomic nerve function was assessed with cardiovascular reflex tests, heart rate variability and sudomotor function. Visceral afferent nerves in the gut were tested performing rapid rectal balloon distention. An oral glucose tolerance test and an intravenous isoglycaemic glucose infusion were performed to calculate the incretin effect and gastrointestinal-mediated glucose disposal (GIGD).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Sixty-five participants were recruited. Participants with diabetes had rectal hyposensitivity for earliest sensation (3.7 ± 1.1 kPa in longstanding, 4.0 ± 1.3 in early), compared to controls (3.0 ± 0.9 kPa), &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = .005. Rectal hyposensitivity for earliest sensation was not associated with the incretin effect (rho = −0.204, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = .106), but an association was found with GIGD (rho −0.341, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = .005). Incretin effect and GIGD were correlated with all glucose values, HbA1c and duration of diabetes.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Rectal hyposensitivity was uncovered in both longstanding and early type 2 diabetes, and was not associated with the incretin effect, but with GIGD, implying a potential link between visceral neuropathy and gastrointestinal handling of glucose. Both the incretin effect and GIGD were associated with the degree of dysglycaemia and the duration of diabetes.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Previously Published&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Some of the data have previously been published and presented as a poster on the American Diabetes Association 83rd Scientific Sessions: Meling et al; 1658-P: Rectal Hyposensitivity, a Potential Marker of Enteric Autonomic Nerve Dysfunction, Is Significantly Associated with Gastrointestinally Mediated Glucose Disposal in Persons with Type 2 Diabetes. &lt;i&gt;Diabetes&lt;/i&gt; 20 June 2023; 72 (Supplement_1): 1658–P. https://doi.org/10.2337/db23-1658-P.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/edm2.463","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138499698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 10-year follow-up of a community-based cohort of people with diabetes: The incidence of foot ulceration and death","authors":"Shijat Ali Mohammed,&nbsp;Fay Crawford,&nbsp;Genevieve Isabelle Cezard,&nbsp;Michail Papathomas","doi":"10.1002/edm2.459","DOIUrl":"10.1002/edm2.459","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Identifying people with diabetes who are likely to experience a foot ulcer is an important part of preventative care. Many cohort studies report predictive models for foot ulcerations and for people with diabetes, but reports of long-term outcomes are scarce.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We aimed to develop a predictive model for foot ulceration in diabetes using a range of potential risk factors with a follow-up of 10 years after recruitment. A new foot ulceration was the outcome of interest and death was the secondary outcome of interest.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 10-year follow-up cohort study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>1193 people with a diagnosis of diabetes who took part in a study in 2006–2007 were invited to participate in a 10-year follow-up. We developed a prognostic model for the incidence of incident foot ulcerations using a survival analysis, Cox proportional hazards model. We also utilised survival analysis Kaplan–Meier curves, and relevant tests, to assess the association between the predictor variables for foot ulceration and death.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At 10-year follow-up, 41% of the original study population had died and more than 18% had developed a foot ulcer. The predictive factors for foot ulceration were an inability to feel a 10 g monofilament or vibration from a tuning fork, previous foot ulceration and duration of diabetes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prognostic model shows an increased risk of ulceration for those with previous history of foot ulcerations, insensitivity to a 10 g monofilament, a tuning fork and duration of diabetes. The incidence of foot ulceration at 10-year follow-up was 18%; however, the risk of death for this community-based population was far greater than the risk of foot ulceration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/edm2.459","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138291963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}