Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Comparative Effects of Crocin and Losartan on RAGE, TGF-β, TNF-α Gene Expression and Histopathological Changes of the Liver Tissue in Rats With Diabetes","authors":"Shahnaz Rajabi,&nbsp;Yaser Mohammadi,&nbsp;Hamid Kabiri-rad,&nbsp;Mahdiyeh Rajabi-moghaddam,&nbsp;Azam Rezaei Farimani","doi":"10.1002/edm2.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/edm2.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>AGEs, via RAGE, increase the development of hyperglycemia-induced liver damage, and blocking this axis is associated with a reduction in liver disease progression. The goal of this study was to determine how crocin and losartan influenced RAGE, TNF-α and TGF-β gene expression in diabetic rats, as well as histological changes in liver tissue.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Diabetes was induced in 40 male Wistar rats using Streptozotocin (50 mg/kg, IP). There were five groups of rats: diabetic and healthy groups, diabetic rats given crocin (50 mg/kg), losartan (25 mg/kg) and both (crocin + Los). Serum glucose, ALT and AST levels were measured 4 weeks later. qPCR was used to examine the TNF-α, TGF-β and RAGE gene expression in liver tissue.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Crocin was found to be effective in lowering FBG in the diabetes group. The serum levels of ALT and AST decreased in all treated groups, but this decrease was significant in the crocin + Los group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The relative expression of RAGE, TNF-α and TGF-β genes was significantly higher in the diabetes group compared to the healthy group. The expression of these genes decreased in groups treated with crocin and Losartan compared to the diabetes group. The highest reduction in RAGE and TGF-β gene expression was reported in those treated with crocin + Los. Histopathology results showed that the diabetes group had more bile ducts and necrosis than the healthy control group, which had no tissue changes. Hepatocyte degeneration, bile duct proliferation, inflammatory changes and hepatocyte necrosis were mild in the treated groups, but no hepatocyte necrosis was observed in the crocin + Los group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Crocin may be a feasible therapeutic agent for treating diabetes and its symptoms when combined with pharmaceutical medications. Human research is still needed to reach clear conclusions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/edm2.70016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Association Between Family Socioeconomic Profile and Diabetes Control in Children: A Cross-Sectional Study From Sudan","authors":"Hiba Ali Elzaki Hajomer,&nbsp;Osama Ahmed Elkhidir,&nbsp;Rooa Mohammed,&nbsp;Suodad Elhassan,&nbsp;Aya Abdelrahim,&nbsp;Yousra Ibrahim Abdallah Mohammed","doi":"10.1002/edm2.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/edm2.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disease in childhood which significantly impacts quality of life, morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to investigate the socioeconomic background of children with diabetes and their families and to assess its association with diabetes control.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study was conducted in Khartoum State, Sudan, in 2018, at three outpatient diabetes clinics, using standardised questionnaires. We included 138 diabetic children (T1D and T2D) aged 2–18 years using systematic random sampling. Descriptive statistics, economic indicator and inferential statistics were applied using SPSS version 20. An HbA1C level of &gt; 7.0% was set as the cut-point for uncontrolled diabetes. A <i>p</i>-value of &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mean age of the children was 11.1 (3.64) years. Over half of the respondents were not covered by any insurance scheme and 73% lived in urban areas. Mothers had a mean age of 37.3 (7.8), with one-fourth being illiterate, while fathers had a mean age of 45.4 (9.3). Twenty per cent of parents had higher education. Two-thirds of the participants had their HbA1C levels checked within the last 3 months. The prevalence of uncontrolled diabetes was 78.0%. No statistically significant association was found between HbA1C levels and families' socioeconomic, demographic or clinical characteristics (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Neither children' nor parents' characteristics influenced HbA1C level. The high rate of uncontrolled diabetes (78.0%), and other countries showing better profiles of control, suggests the need for exploring other contributing factors. Insulin availability and lack of home glucose monitoring need to be considered. We recommend future prospective studies to consider these factors and use multiple HbA1C measures' average as a better indicator of diabetic control.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/edm2.70014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma Glycated CD59 and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review","authors":"Zahra Asadi,&nbsp;Roya Safari-Faramani,&nbsp;Faranak Aghaz,&nbsp;Asad Vaisi-Raygani,&nbsp;Saba Jalilian","doi":"10.1002/edm2.70013","DOIUrl":"10.1002/edm2.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication of pregnancy worldwide. The standard method for screening GDM is the 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). However, the OGTT is difficult, time-consuming and requires fasting, making it an inconvenient test for GDM. Researchers have turned their attention to alternative biomarkers for GDM. This study aimed to systematically investigate the potential of plasma glycated CD59 (pGCD59) as a new biomarker for GDM and its associated adverse pregnancy outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The systematic review was performed in the PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar databases from 1/1/2000 to 4/1/2024, and relevant studies were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study revealed that pGCD59 levels before 20 weeks and during the second trimester of pregnancy have the potential to predict the results of the OGTT and also forecast adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as postpartum glucose intolerance (PP GI), neonatal hypoglycaemia (NH) and having large for gestational age (LGA) infants. The predictive ability of pGCD59 was found to be affected by the GDM status, especially body mass index (BMI).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In conclusion, pGCD59 may be a promising indicator of glucose levels and could serve as a new biomarker for GDM. However, additional studies are needed to establish a reliable reference range and cut-off value for pGCD59.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"7 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11568234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Influence of Age at Menarche on Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components Across Different Women's Birth Cohorts","authors":"Maryam Farahmand,&nbsp;Maryam Mousavi,&nbsp;Fereidoun Azizi,&nbsp;Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani","doi":"10.1002/edm2.70015","DOIUrl":"10.1002/edm2.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is the primary cardiovascular risk factor, making it a global issue. Our objective was to assess the association between the age at menarche (AAM) and MetS and its components in different generations of women.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this cross-sectional study, 5500 eligible women aged ≥ 20 who participated in the Tehran lipid and glucose study in 2015–2017 were selected. Participants were divided into groups by birth cohorts (BC) (born ≤ 1959, 1960–1979, and ≥ 1980) and AAM (≤ 11, 12–15, and ≥ 16 years, early, normal, and late, respectively). The status of MetS and its components were compared amongst participants using logistic regression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Normal AAM (12–15 years) was considered the reference group. The adjusted model revealed that AAM ≤ 11 is associated with a higher risk of 34% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 1.71) in MetS, and the prevalence of MetS in the early menarche group was higher in BCI, and BCII (odds ratio (OR): 1.87; 95% CI: 1.04, 3.36 and OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.89, respectively). Those with late menarche demonstrated a lower risk (OR:0.72; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.91) of abdominal obesity, and early menarche showed a higher risk (OR: 1.45; CI: 1.14, 1.86). This higher risk in early menarche was observed in BCI and BCII (OR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.16, 2.66 and OR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.23, 2.64, respectively). However, the protective effect of late menarche was observed in BC II and BC III (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.54, 1.00 and OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.96, respectively).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The influential effect of AAM on metabolic disturbances varies amongst different generations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"7 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11568236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Relationship Between Salivary Adipokine Levels With Appetite and Anthropometric Indices in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes","authors":"Amir Reza Akbarzadeh,&nbsp;Shiva Borzouei,&nbsp;Salman Khazaei,&nbsp;Mina Jazaeri","doi":"10.1002/edm2.70012","DOIUrl":"10.1002/edm2.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to evaluate the association between salivary adipokine levels, including leptin, chemerin, resistin and interleukin-6, with body mass index (BMI), waist and wrist circumference and appetite in patients with type 2 diabetes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this cross-sectional study, 104 participants were divided into three groups: 35 diabetic patients, 35 pre-diabetic individuals and 34 healthy controls. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected using the spitting method, and salivary levels of leptin, chemerin, resistin and interleukin-6 were measured via ELISA. Appetite was assessed using a standard questionnaire, and BMI, waist and wrist circumferences were measured with a tape measure. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26, with a significance threshold set at 0.01.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Significant differences were found in the salivary levels of leptin, chemerin, and resistin among the three groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), but no significant difference was observed in the salivary levels of interleukin-6 (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.01). Analysis also revealed significant differences in appetite traits among the groups, with the highest appetite trait observed in pre-diabetic subjects (<i>p</i> = 0.0002). The salivary level of chemerin was significantly associated with appetite traits regardless of diabetic status (<i>p</i> = 0.009). Appetite was also significantly related to BMI (<i>p</i> = 0.002) and waist circumference (<i>p</i> = 0.001) in all subjects. However, no significant relationship was observed between appetite and fasting plasma glucose or HbA1c levels (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.01).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results of this study indicate that salivary levels of certain adipokines, such as leptin, chemerin and resistin, may be significantly higher in diabetic patients, although this is not true for all adipokines. While pre-diabetic patients exhibited a higher level of appetite, no positive correlation was found between salivary adipokine levels (except chemerin) and appetite or anthropometric characteristics, irrespective of diabetic status.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"7 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11561133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142629560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Serum FABP-4 Levels in Hypothyroidism Patients: A Comparative Analysis With a Control Group and Their Correlation With Liver Function Tests and Biochemical Factors","authors":"Mundher Mohammad Hamzeh Aldulaimi,&nbsp;Afsaneh Shafiei,&nbsp;Somayeh Ghorbani,&nbsp;Fatima Mohammadzadeh,&nbsp;Safoura Khajeniazi","doi":"10.1002/edm2.70011","DOIUrl":"10.1002/edm2.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The association of serum FABP4 and other biochemical-related parameters is important to determine complications of hypothyroidism. This study aimed to evaluate serum FABP-4 levels in hypothyroidism patients in comparison with a control group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty-five patients with hypothyroidism and 45 healthy volunteers were included in this study. Liver function tests, thyroid hormones panel, lipid profile and serum FABP-4 levels were measured and compared in both groups, and their correlations were analysed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Serum FABP-4 levels were significantly higher in patients with hypothyroidism compared to the control group (<i>p</i> = 0.002), and serum FABP-4 level in males was higher than it in females (<i>p</i> = 0.022). There was a significant difference between patients with hypothyroidism and the control group in the levels of AST (<i>p</i> = 0.012). Moreover, serum FABP-4 levels were negatively correlated with age (<i>p</i> = 0.016) and positively correlated with weight (<i>p</i> = 0.044).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In our study, there was a notable increase in serum FABP-4 concentration among hypothyroidism subjects. The data suggest that FABP-4 could potentially be a superior diagnostic indicator for hypothyroidism when contrasted with a control cohort in future studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"7 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11552650/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142629557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP): The Most Accurate Indicator of Overweight and Obesity Among Lipid Indices in Type 2 Diabetes—Findings From a Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Sahar Karimpour Reyhan,&nbsp;Amirhossein Yadegar,&nbsp;Sahar Samimi,&nbsp;Pooria Nakhaei,&nbsp;Alireza Esteghamati,&nbsp;Manouchehr Nakhjavani,&nbsp;Soheil Karimpour Reihan,&nbsp;Soghra Rabizadeh","doi":"10.1002/edm2.70007","DOIUrl":"10.1002/edm2.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to evaluate the relationships of conventional and calculated lipid indices with obesity or overweight in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this cross-sectional study, all participants were categorised into three groups: normal weight (18 ≤ BMI &lt; 25), overweight (25 ≤ BMI &lt; 30) and obese (BMI ≥ 30). Conventional lipid indices, including triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, LDL-C and HDL-C, were measured. Lipid indices, including the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), non-HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, non-HLD-C/HDL-C (atherogenic index, AI) and lipoprotein combine index (LCI), were calculated. The associations of these lipid indices with obesity and overweight status were evaluated using univariate and multivariate multinomial logistic regression analyses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, 2661 patients with T2D, including 651 patients with normal weight, 1144 with overweight, and 866 with obesity, were recruited. According to a multinomial logistic regression analysis after adjustment for multiple confounders, the odds ratio (OR) was greater for the AIP than for other conventional and calculated lipid indices in overweight and obese patients with T2D. The AIP had a significant relationship with overweight, with an OR of 4.79 (95% CI: 1.65–13.85), and it had a significant relationship with obesity, with an OR of 13.64 (95% CI: 3.96–47.04). According to the ROC curve, with a cut-off value of 0.68, AIP could predict obesity with 82% sensitivity and 55% specificity (AUC = 0.770, 95% CI: 0.729–0.812, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared with other conventional and calculated lipid markers, the AIP is most strongly associated with obesity and overweight in patients with T2D.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"7 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11537723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Causal Role of Thyroid Hormones in Bipolar Disorders: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study","authors":"James L. Li","doi":"10.1002/edm2.70009","DOIUrl":"10.1002/edm2.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bipolar disorder is a complex psychiatric condition with distinctions between clinical subtypes including Type 1 and 2 disorders. Several studies have proposed that thyroid hormones may be involved in the aetiology of bipolar disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to investigate the causal relationships between six thyroid hormone metrics (TSH, FT4, FT3, TT3, FT3/FT4 and TT3/FT4) and bipolar disorder and Type 1 and 2 disorders, separately. Genome-wide association (GWAS) data from the ThyroidOmics Consortium (up to 271,040 individuals of European ancestry) were used for thyroid function metrics. Bipolar disorder GWAS data included 41,917 cases and 371,549 controls (25,060 Type 1 and 6,781 Type 2 cases). We applied inverse variance weighted (IVW) methods for primary MR analysis, with MR Egger, weighted median and weighted mode for sensitivity. Additional tests assessed horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Higher FT4 levels showed a protective causal effect against bipolar disorder (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86–0.97, <i>p</i> = 4.58 × 10⁻³) and a suggestive effect on Type 1 disorders (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86–0.99, <i>p</i> = 3.21 × 10⁻²). Elevated FT3 (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.03–1.35, <i>p</i> = 1.55 × 10⁻²) and FT3/FT4 ratio (OR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.02–3.82, <i>p</i> = 4.46 × 10⁻²) had suggestive harmful effects on Type 1 disorders. Sensitivity analyses showed consistent effects, with no significant horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings highlight the protective role of FT4 and the potentially harmful effect of elevated FT3 in Type 1 bipolar disorder, highlighting the need for further research on thyroid hormone levels as a potential treatment strategy for Type 1 bipolar disorder.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"7 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/edm2.70009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142523271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends and Disparities in Coronary Artery Disease and Obesity-Related Mortality in the United States From 1999–2022","authors":"Mushood Ahmed,&nbsp;Hira Javaid,&nbsp;Aimen Shafiq,&nbsp;Zain Ali Nadeem,&nbsp;Areeba Ahsan,&nbsp;Abdullah Nofal,&nbsp;Raheel Ahmed,&nbsp;Mahboob Alam,&nbsp;Marat Fudim,&nbsp;Gregg C. Fonarow,&nbsp;Mamas A. Mamas","doi":"10.1002/edm2.70010","DOIUrl":"10.1002/edm2.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Almost half of the US adult population has obesity, which predisposes to atherosclerosis and can lead to poor prognosis in coronary artery disease (CAD). We aim to identify CAD and obesity-related mortality trends among adults in the United States stratified by age, sex, race and geographical location.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The CDC-WONDER database was used to extract death certificate data for adults aged ≥ 25 years. Crude mortality rates (CMR) and age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 persons were calculated, and temporal trends were described by calculating annual percent change (APC) and the average APC (AAPC) in the rates using Joinpoint regression analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From 1999 to 2022, a total of 273,761 CAD and obesity-related deaths were recorded in the United States. The AAMR increased consistently from 1999 to 2018 (APC: 4.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.4–4.9) and surged thereafter till 2022 (APC: 11.4; 95% CI: 7.7–19.1). During the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2022), AAMR almost doubled that of the rest of the study period. Additionally, the AAMR for males was nearly twice that of females. Non-Hispanic (NH) Blacks or African Americans displayed the highest AAMR, followed by NH Whites, Hispanic or Latino, and other NH populations. AAMRs showed minimal variation by census regions. Rural areas exhibited a higher AAMR (AAMR: 5.9, 95% CI: 5.8–5.9) than urban areas (AAMR: 4.4, 95% CI: 4.4–4.5).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We observed increasing trends in CAD and obesity-related deaths throughout the study period reaching a peak during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"7 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11512744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Efficacy of Magnesium and Potassium Towards Cholesterol and Quality of Life in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomised Single-Blinded Controlled Clinical Trial","authors":"Sidra Khalid,&nbsp;Riffat Mehboob,&nbsp;Syeda Shazia Bokhari,&nbsp;Muhammad Ali,&nbsp;Ambreen Shabbir,&nbsp;Khurram Mehboob,&nbsp;Hafsa Adnan,&nbsp;Mohammed Matoog Karami,&nbsp;Hani Shalabi,&nbsp;Bander Alshehri","doi":"10.1002/edm2.511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/edm2.511","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previous studies exploring the relationship between dietary potassium and magnesium intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have yielded inconsistent results.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study was designed to compare the effect of magnesium, potassium and both (potassium and magnesium combined) on cholesterol levels and quality of life (QoL) among patients with T2DM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A randomised controlled trial (single blinded) was conducted at The University of Lahore and Lahore Medical Research Center (LMRC). The sample size was 290 patients with T2DM, who were divided into four groups: Group I (T1) that received control/placebo; Group II (T2) and Group III (T3) received magnesium and potassium supplements, respectively; and Group IV (T4) received both magnesium and potassium supplements. Blood samples were taken from all patients before and after 60 days of supplementation to determine the levels of K⁺, Mg²⁺ and cholesterol using a chemistry analyzer (photometer 5010 v5+).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There was a decrease in mean cholesterol levels in all groups after the treatment, with the largest reduction (224.9 ± 61.92 to 163.4 ± 48.38) seen in the T3 group, that received potassium supplements. A significant increase in the social QoL, indicated by a <i>p</i> value change from 0.06 before medical intervention to 0.000 after medical intervention, was observed. <i>p</i> value was significant (&lt;0.05) between pre- and post-QoL within the T2 (Mg) and T3 (K) treatment groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The overall decrease in cholesterol levels and improvement in the social QoL after treatment imply that magnesium- and potassium-based formulations prove beneficial in combating hyperlipidaemia in patients with T2DM.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Trial Registration:</b> NCT04642313</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"7 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/edm2.511","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142443381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}