Seminars in Speech, Language and Hearing最新文献_第5页

Aphasia Management: The Speech Pathologist's Role 失语症管理:语言病理学家的角色

Seminars in Speech, Language and Hearing Pub Date : 1981-11-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1095025

R. Wertz

{"title":"Aphasia Management: The Speech Pathologist's Role","authors":"R. Wertz","doi":"10.1055/s-0028-1095025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1095025","url":null,"abstract":"When working with patients who suffer neuropathologies of speech or language, one quickly learns that there is as much variability within a disorder as among disorders. The same is probably true about the different disciplines represented in this Seminar. There is probably as much variability in the management of aphasia within the discipline of Speech Pathology as there is in the fields of Neurology, Rehabilitation Medicine, Neurolinguistics, and so on. Thus , the reader must remember that the following is written by a speech pathologist, not the speech pathologist. Where my approach differs from that of other speech pathologists who manage aphasic patients, I will point out that difference. As with any art or science, the management of aphasia is enjoyed most by people who know something about it. Patient management is actually a complicated form of human play, and the reader has to become one of the players in order to enjoy the art or the science fully. This paper attempts to explain what happens when speech pathologists and aphasic patients meet, so that, after reading, the interested reader might participate. An interesting exchange of views regarding aphasia has been taking place during the past few years, and this will be the basis for some of the discussion in this paper. In 1977, Rubens, a neurologist, and La Pointe, a speech pathologist, exchanged views on what each discipline expected of the other when it came to managing aphasic patients. Results of a survey of neurologists conducted by Rubens (1977) indicated that 25 percent never referred aphasic patients to a speech pathologist and another 25 percent did not understand the role of speech pathologists. On announcing these results, Rubens asked speech pathologists to develop an understanding of the neurologist's role in managing aphasic patients, to speak in neurologic terminology, and to document the value of any language therapy administered. La Pointe (1977) responded by asking neurologists to refer aphasic patients to speech pathologists, to provide the medical data necessary for planning rehabilitation, to consult speech pathologists regarding the patient's further treatment, to consider nonmedical models of aphasia classification and management, to provide time for the speech pathologist to demonstrate the efficacy of language treatment, and to grant the speech pathologist the independence to work by consultation, with all its inherent privileges and responsibilities. On the one hand, neurologists were asking us to manage aphasic patients, but to report results in a vocabulary they can understand; on the other hand, speech pathologists were asking neurologists for the opportunity to do what we do best, but recommending that they learn our language, i.e., become bilingual. Both positions seem reasonable.","PeriodicalId":364385,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Speech, Language and Hearing","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124663202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

The Patient with Parkinson's Disease 帕金森病患者

Seminars in Speech, Language and Hearing Pub Date : 1981-08-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1095011

D. Bottenberg

引用次数: 1

Considerations in Counseling Elderly Persons 长者谘询的注意事项

Seminars in Speech, Language and Hearing Pub Date : 1981-08-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1095017

J. Ronch

{"title":"Considerations in Counseling Elderly Persons","authors":"J. Ronch","doi":"10.1055/s-0028-1095017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1095017","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout the large array of helping professions there runs one common thread. It is the presence in all of them of a relationship between a person who recognizes at some level a need for the skills, sensitivity, and concern of an individual who possesses a potential ability to help them with a problem. For those who work with aging persons, the needs resulting from the many stresses of growing old in our society often demand consummate technical skills, acute sensitivity, and the ability to recognize the additional stress placed on older persons when they acknowledge a need for assistance in areas of life that have often been free of problems in the past. In working with the elderly person it is often the presence or lack of sensitivity that allows the application of needed technical or professional skills. All too often, the elderly person requires some form of relationship with the service professional that evolves into the provision of some form of counseling as precursor or adjunct to the delivery of the expertise for which the older person has been referred. When the service provider has had little or no training or supervised experience in this aspect of their role, the effect of this crucial component of service delivery may be attentuated. Therefore, it will be the focus of this article to discuss counseling of elderly persons as both a primary and secondary focus of professional intervention, and to examine some important considerations, strategies, and other factors that affect successful use of these techniques. Every instance of counseling elderly people relies most heavily on qualities that cannot be taught—empathy and genuine concern for one's fellow human being. Without these basic elements, the impact of counseling will be limited, no matter how great the technical expertise or knowledge of the literature. This article furthermore, is not offered as a definitive treatise that can produce instant expertise. Additional reading will be very helpful in understanding personality, aging phenomena, responses to disability or illness (acute or chronic), as well as other variables that influence the behavior and biopsychosocial reality of each aging person or groups of elderly individuals. T h e references at the end of this article are a good point of departure in the process of further knowledge in this area. Finally, it is assumed that the reader will recognize the importance of quality of counseling activities as being a more important factor than any sweeping definitions of who ought to provide these services, since trained mental health counselors who work with the aged are often unavailable in many communities (President's Commission on Mental Health: Task Panel on the Elderly, 1979).","PeriodicalId":364385,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Speech, Language and Hearing","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124272930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Demography and Characteristics of the Communicatively Impaired Elderly in the United States 美国老年人沟通障碍的人口学和特征

Seminars in Speech, Language and Hearing Pub Date : 1981-08-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1095008

R. Hull

引用次数: 3

Communication Assessment Procedures in the Aural Rehabilitation Process 听力康复过程中的沟通评估程序

Seminars in Speech, Language and Hearing Pub Date : 1981-08-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1095014

J. G. Alpiner

{"title":"Communication Assessment Procedures in the Aural Rehabilitation Process","authors":"J. G. Alpiner","doi":"10.1055/s-0028-1095014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1095014","url":null,"abstract":"A primary objective of rehabilitative audiology is to improve the hearingimpaired person's communication ability to the maximum extent possible and to assist him fulfilling appropriate and various roles in a given environment (Alpiner, 1968). These roles often have been categorized as social, vocational, and familial. There is general agreement among audiologists that hearing loss frequently interferes with normal communication function and affects persons in any or all of the categories listed. The routine audiologic test battery offers information as to the type and degree of hearing impairment, but is limited in providing information about the effects of the deficit on communication function. Interpretations made from numeric audiologic data are those of the audiologist rather than of the individual with the hearing loss. During the past 30 years or so, a variety of assessment scales of communication function have been developed to determine the handicapping conditions resulting from hearing loss. Only a few of these scales have specifically addressed themselves for use with the elderly. Early thinking about the older population tended to generalize this group as one, unintentionally ignoring the fact that individuals were living in two kinds of environments—extended care facilities or private residences. Extended care facilities have been referred to as nursing homes, homes for the aged, retirement centers, and so forth. The private residence may mean living alone or with a spouse in an owned or rented dwelling, or with other family members in their residences. T h e extended care facility environment implies a living situation in which the person no longer functions independently of others. Private residence living may imply varying degrees of independence, ranging from those who are still gainfully employed to those who must be cared for by family members. In attempting to assess the effects of hearing loss on communication function, therefore, it becomes important to try to evaluate individuals according to their unique living situations. Some difficulties have been encountered in the use of assessment scales with the elderly. Not all scales can apply to all individuals, and all items within a given instrument may not be appropriate. As assessment procedures are discussed, there will be a need to consider this situation.","PeriodicalId":364385,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Speech, Language and Hearing","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129820749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vestibular Disturbances Among the Elderly 老年人的前庭功能障碍

Seminars in Speech, Language and Hearing Pub Date : 1981-08-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1095016

R. Traynor

{"title":"Vestibular Disturbances Among the Elderly","authors":"R. Traynor","doi":"10.1055/s-0028-1095016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1095016","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that the incidence of falls among older individuals is much higher than among younger people. Kiernat (1979) found that the frequency of falls was greatest in the 70 to 85-year-old age group, but the most serious falls occurred in those who were older than 85 years of age. Sheldon (1960) revealed that of all falls in the home, about 45 percent were accidental or related to tripping. The remaining 55 percent of falls were attributed to medical and/or neurologic causes. It has been suggested that 75 percent of women older than 85 years of age experience some kind of dizziness (Steele and Crowe, 1970). It is logical that this should hold true for men as well, except that more men expire before the age 80 years and are, therefore, not available for such comparisons. The loss of equilibrium among elderly individuals has been termed by Krompotic-Nemanic (1969) as \"presbystasis.\" It appears that the handicap experienced by an individual presenting presbystasis is dependent upon (1) the type and extent of physiologic damage or atrophy occurring within the visual, proprioceptive, and vestibular systems, other ongoing systemic disturbances, and (2) the psychologic reaction to the dysequilibriatory experience.","PeriodicalId":364385,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Speech, Language and Hearing","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132279934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Drugs/Medication: Their Impact on Communication and the Elderly's Response to Treatment 药物/药物:对沟通的影响及长者对治疗的反应

Seminars in Speech, Language and Hearing Pub Date : 1981-08-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1095013

J. Ronch

引用次数: 1

Serving Aging Clients: Clinical Implications of Sex Role Stereotypes on the Communicatively Impaired Elderly 服务老年客户:性别角色刻板印象对沟通障碍老年人的临床意义

Seminars in Speech, Language and Hearing Pub Date : 1981-08-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1095018

Judy K. Underwood

引用次数: 0

Dimensions of Dementia 痴呆的维度

Seminars in Speech, Language and Hearing Pub Date : 1981-08-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1095012

M. Quayhagen, M. Quayhagen

引用次数: 4

Neurologically Based Disorders of Speech and Language Among Older Adults 老年人中基于神经学的言语和语言障碍

Seminars in Speech, Language and Hearing Pub Date : 1981-08-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1095009

M. Groher

{"title":"Neurologically Based Disorders of Speech and Language Among Older Adults","authors":"M. Groher","doi":"10.1055/s-0028-1095009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1095009","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to understand and communicate a message may be one of the least appreciated skills men and women inherit. Our facility to interconnect words to form complete sentences, to in turn, convey a particular message through the use of a particular set of muscles becomes second nature and fully automatic. Unfortunately, insight into the true importance of the communicative act usually comes only when the system suffers permanent or temporary damage. Loss of the facility to communicate focuses one's attention on the importance of communication in our everyday experiences. There are few problems or accomplishments that do not require some need for advanced reading, writing, speaking, and listening skills. Among those at greatest risk for sustaining impairment of any of those skills are older adults. The re are a multiplicity of potentially interrelated variables that may be responsible for impaired communication skills among older adults. They can be generally divided into variables that include communication problems related to changes in the person's sociologic or psychologic health, situational demands that require speed and accuracy causing the system to malfunction, and known or suspected anatomic or physiologic changes that are related to medical complications that one may experience during the aging process. The known medical risks that occur in advancing years increase the probability of compromising the communicative system. Most of these changes are secondary to either demonstrable or suspected neurologic disease in the central nervous system. Any suspected deviations from previous levels of communicative effectiveness may be the first sign of pathology within the individual's central nervous system. The purpose of this article is to explore those neurogenic speech and language disorders that are found primarily in an elderly population. It is designed to assist the specialist in identification and differentiation of the characteristics of each disorder. Correct identification will lead to successful treatment and management approaches.","PeriodicalId":364385,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Speech, Language and Hearing","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127290831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1