Seminars in Speech, Language and Hearing最新文献_第2页

Social Services for the Family with a Cleft Palate Child 腭裂儿童家庭社会服务中心

Seminars in Speech, Language and Hearing Pub Date : 1982-08-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1095245

L. Schwartz

{"title":"Social Services for the Family with a Cleft Palate Child","authors":"L. Schwartz","doi":"10.1055/s-0028-1095245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1095245","url":null,"abstract":"Early intervention in the form of brief, initial, supportive counseling after delivery and while the mother is still hospitalized is essential. Research (Clifford and Crocker, 1971) has supported the necessity of parents and relatives seeing the newborn soon after delivery. During the mother's hospital confinement, the social worker strives to see both parents within 24 hours after delivery, preferably jointly and in a private and comfortable area. T h e parents are usually in a state of shock and cannot assimilate a great deal of technical information. Therefore it is necessary to give simple and repeated explanations, ask for feedback to assess parental understanding, write down simple instructions, and schedule several follow-up meetings with the couple while the mother is still hospitalized (Borg and Lasker, 1981). A sensitive, and nonthreatening initial approach achieves the goal of an early positive relationship between the parents and the Cleft Palate Team. This relationship is important for later family involvement. During the early hospital contacts, the social worker must be cautious not to overwhelm the couple with overintensity of contact, information, and explanations. The focus is on supportive interaction, providing information on the supportive networks available to the family, and encouraging their use of that system. Hospital policy should allow visits by relatives, children, and friends to strengthen the emotional support system. The opportunity to be depressed, express disappointment, and to cry is an important therapeutic release. These behaviors are recognized and discussed with the parents and not discouraged when they occur. Too often well-intentioned individuals have interfered with this meaningful process and created increased guilt and repression of feelings. Soon after the delivery, the parents view a special color photo album of numerous \"before and after\" photographs of actual preoperative and postoperative cleft lip corrections, which helps to allay fears of a permanent deformity. A similar use of photographs was reported by Dar, Winter,","PeriodicalId":364385,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Speech, Language and Hearing","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124254382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Parental Perspectives and Concerns 家长的观点和关注

Seminars in Speech, Language and Hearing Pub Date : 1982-08-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1095246

N. Goetz

{"title":"Parental Perspectives and Concerns","authors":"N. Goetz","doi":"10.1055/s-0028-1095246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1095246","url":null,"abstract":"A child with a cleft palate should be considered first and foremost a child. As a child he lives in a world filled with parents and siblings, friends and classmates, and even professionals. T h e interaction of the child with these significant others in his life cannot help but have a profound effect on the child's physical and psychological growth. Parents of \"normal\" children face new challenges at every stage of their child's development. The parents of a child with an abnormality can be expected to face unusual difficulties, and they will have a more urgent need for support and guidance from the professionals involved in their child's treatment. Therefore, it seems appropriate to take a closer look at the parents of the child with a cleft in order to gain a better understanding of their attitudes and concerns. This article is based on an extensive, though far from exhaustive, review of the literature on parents of children with clefts (Bleiberg and Leubling, 1970, 1971; McClung, 1980; Pannbacker, Lass, and Starr, 1979). In addition three parents of cleft palate and/or lip children were interviewed—two mothers and a father. One of the mothers had been born with a cleft palate. In conducting the interview with her, we were concerned both with her reactions as the mother of a cleft palate child, and with her memories of growing up with a cleft. A fourth interview was conducted with a 40-year-old male who had been born with a unilateral cleft of the PARENTAL PERSPECTIVES AND CONCERNS","PeriodicalId":364385,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Speech, Language and Hearing","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114311299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Hearing Loss in the Patient with Cleft Palate 腭裂患者的听力损失

Seminars in Speech, Language and Hearing Pub Date : 1982-08-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1095240

R. Cherry

引用次数: 0

The Contribution of the Radiologist to Evaluation of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency 放射科医师对评估腭咽功能不全的贡献

Seminars in Speech, Language and Hearing Pub Date : 1982-08-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1095238

Donald Harrigan

{"title":"The Contribution of the Radiologist to Evaluation of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency","authors":"Donald Harrigan","doi":"10.1055/s-0028-1095238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1095238","url":null,"abstract":"Normal speech and voice production depend in large measure upon separation of the oral and nasal cavities by closure of the velopharyngeal port. This is accomplished by elevation of the velum or soft palate and the sphincteric action of the pharyngeal walls. T h e elevation and posterior movement of the soft palate, which occurs as a result of the combined contributions of the levator palatini and the palatopharyngeus muscles, gives the most important contribution to closure and is easily and clearly demonstrated by radiological techniques. Medial movement of the lateral pharyngeal walls against the edges of the velum also assists in closure of the lateral aspects of the velopharyngeal portal. The forward bulging of the posterior pharyngeal wall in normal speech is slight and its contribution to speech is probably insignificant. However, pharyngeal wall motion may become significant in the individual with palate dysfunction. Lateral pharyngeal wall motion can be studied by radiological techniques (Skolnick, 1969) as well as by ultrasound (Kelsey et al., 1972). There must be synchronous motion of both components of the closure mechanism to prevent the nasal emission of sound. Failure of the velopharyngeal portal to close during the utterence of non-nasal sounds is referred to as velopharyngeal insufficiency. Velopharyngeal insufficiency can be caused by a number of factors, including congenital structural abnormalities, such as a cleft or shortened palate, congenital or acquired neuromuscular dysfunction, or traumatically induced clefts. Although data are available on the frequency of maxillofacial clefts, there are no good data available on the frequency of velopharyngeal insufficiency from all causes. Evaluation of the velopharyngeal port for degree and location of incompetence requires visualization and/or physiological monitoring during a wide range of speech tasks. The re are a number of techniques available, which can be divided into invasive or noninvasive categories (Table 1). All invasive techniques, with the possi-","PeriodicalId":364385,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Speech, Language and Hearing","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127628648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Orthodontics for the Cleft Palate Patient 腭裂患者的正畸治疗

Seminars in Speech, Language and Hearing Pub Date : 1982-08-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1095242

R. Goldstein

引用次数: 1

Otological Correlates of Cleft Palate 腭裂的耳科相关因素

Seminars in Speech, Language and Hearing Pub Date : 1982-08-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1095239

J. Rosenbaum

引用次数: 1

A Preschool Language Facilitation Program for Children with Cleft Palate 腭裂儿童学前语言促进计划

Seminars in Speech, Language and Hearing Pub Date : 1982-08-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1095236

R. Cherry, N. Colburn

{"title":"A Preschool Language Facilitation Program for Children with Cleft Palate","authors":"R. Cherry, N. Colburn","doi":"10.1055/s-0028-1095236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1095236","url":null,"abstract":"202 Early intervention speech and language programs for preschool children with cleft palate have been undertaken because the majority of research on the language development of children with cleft palate had indicated a delay in both receptive and expressive skills at some period of development (Fox, Lynch, and Brookshire, 1978; McWilliams, 1973; Morris, 1962, Philips and Harrison, 1969a, b; Shames, Rubin, and Kramer, 1966; Smith and McWilliams, 1968; Spriestersbach, Darley, and Morris, 1958). T h e reasons for this delay remain unclear. T h e presence of a cleft may provide an adequate explanation for the defective speech and voice patterns heard in children with cleft palate, but not the language delay. This delay may therefore be attributed at least in part to (1) an intellectual deficit as part of a craniofacial syndrome, (2) high incidence of conductive hearing problems (Harrison and Philips, 1971; Paradise and Bluestone, 1969), (3) environmental factors, such as frequent hospitalizations, the timing of surgical intervention, separation from families at critical language learning periods, as well as other undetermined psychosocial factors (Evans and Renfrew, 1974; Smith, 1971), and (4) the child's retreat from unrewarding speaking attempts that had not been easily understood (Morris, 1962; Spriestersbach et al., 1958). The child with a cleft palate is therefore perceived to be at greater risk for language learning problems than children without clefts. It has been well documented that this population has difficulty developing intelligible speech. This may be due to the fact that these children learn to speak with articulatory organs that differ structurally and physiologically from those of noncleft children in terms of intraoral feedback. Dental and occlusal anomalies may also contribute to the development of aberrant speech sound development. The inability of this population to valve the velopharyngeal port adequately contributes heavily to the distortions heard (Bzoch, 1959; Philips and Harrison, 1969b, Thayer, 1978; Van Demark, 1966). Early intervention programs to facilitate language and cognitive growth in handicapped preschool children at risk for","PeriodicalId":364385,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Speech, Language and Hearing","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132220093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pragmatic Treatment for Phonological Disability: Rationale and Procedures 语音障碍的语用治疗:基本原理和程序

Seminars in Speech, Language and Hearing Pub Date : 1982-05-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1094182

F. Weiner

{"title":"Pragmatic Treatment for Phonological Disability: Rationale and Procedures","authors":"F. Weiner","doi":"10.1055/s-0028-1094182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1094182","url":null,"abstract":"Speech-language pathologists have long been concerned with the factors affecting sound production. The most frequent of these factors studied has been phonetic context (Roe and Milisen, 1942; Sayler 1949; Spriestersbach and Curtis, 1951; Curtis and Hardy, 1959; Siegel, Winitz and Conkey, 1963; Prutting, 1970; Gallagher and Shriner, 1975a and 1975b). Phonetic context has been shown to have a major influence on speech sound production. However, phonetic context is only one of many variables affecting sound production. Sound production often varies within repeated attempts to produce the same word. For example, during speech remediation, specific target sounds within words are sometimes produced correctly and at other times incorrectly (Baer and Winitz, 1968). Furthermore, tests of temporal reliability of articulation testing (Winitz, 1963) have also shown changes in articulatory behavior for the same words in two different test administrations. Method of elicitation has also been investigated as a factor affecting articulation (Faircloth and Faircloth, 1970; Jordon, 1960; Hutchinson, 1972, Dubois and Bernthal, 1978). Investigations dealing with method of elicitation have shown that more structured elicitation procedures, such as imitation, result in fewer misarticulations than spontaneous speech samples. Other elicitation procedures, such as naming and sentence recall, have yielded more errors than imitation but fewer errors than spontaneous speech samples. The general focus of research on method of elicitation has been on the amount of structure in the elicitation procedure and on how much of a model is presented to a child. Research evidence suggests that structure provided during elicitation of responses seems to be the most important factor affecting the number of correct responses in a speech sample obtained. Some investigators feel that speech samples obtained under structured conditions are not valid (Shriberg and Kwiatkowski, 1980). They propose that all testing be done during spontaneous speech because these samples are closest to \"real world\" situations. It is difficult to argue with their claim. However, it is important to remember that methods of eliciting spontaneous speech samples vary from one investigator to the next, the range of samples deriving from talking about pictures to placing a tape recorder in the home of the child and monitoring verbal output during play. Certainly this wide range of sampling should have varying effects on the nature of the speech sample obtained, depending upon various communication requirements of the speakers. The communicative requirement of the speaker, then, is another factor affecting articulatory behavior. In linguistic","PeriodicalId":364385,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Speech, Language and Hearing","volume":"377 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124705131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Hippopotamus is Hard to Say: The Integration of Lexical and Phonological Information 河马很难说:词汇和语音信息的整合

Seminars in Speech, Language and Hearing Pub Date : 1982-05-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1094181

H. Klein

引用次数: 5

The Case Against the Autonomy of Phonological Disorders in Children 儿童语音障碍自主性的个案研究

Seminars in Speech, Language and Hearing Pub Date : 1982-05-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1094185

J. M. Panagos

{"title":"The Case Against the Autonomy of Phonological Disorders in Children","authors":"J. M. Panagos","doi":"10.1055/s-0028-1094185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1094185","url":null,"abstract":"Sometimes clinical research is more like detective work than pure science. There are scattered and misleading clues, some clear facts, and contradictions to be sifted through before strong claims can be made. Because the facts available are typically lacking, working theories must be constructed to clarify old information, to generate new hypotheses, and to guide further investigation. Less like the tough minded Sherlock Holmes, the investigator fumbles along like the dauntless Lieutenant Columbo. The clinical case having to do with the possible relationships between children's phonological and language disorders is one for which super-sleuthing is required. The facts are shaky and maddeningly complex. In his influential book on articulation disorders, Winitz (1969) reviewed existing research on the topic dating back to 1931. All of the investigators whose papers were examined in one way or another sought to determine whether phonological deficits were associated or correlated with aspects of language development and general intellectual fuctioning. Findings were equivocal: \"For some of the studies a substantial relation between articulation and certain language measures especially at the young age levels was demonstrated, and for other studies no relation or only a low relation was found.\" Although some progress has been made since the Winitz review, our current understandings are hardly more advanced. In this article I present my own sleuthing on the topic. Basing my views on the selective rather than exhaustive use of published and unpublished material, my purpose is to clarify existing information and to suggest some novel hypotheses worthy of further testing. In the process, a case is made against viewing children's phonological disorders as autonomous from language disorders. Evidence is adduced to suggest that they do not constitute separate clinical entities as historically assumed. Phonological disorders and language disorders stem from the same underlying causes. The paper centers around two key points. The first is that researchers have conducted very narrowly defined studies over the last 20 years, and this orientation has obscured the general nature of phonological disorders. Greene (1964), noting the diagnostic confusion arising from \"incompleteness of diagnostic investigations,\" adds, \"In children who are speaking but very imperfectly they [speech pathologists] often diagnose articulatory disorders instead of the underlying language disorders.\" Accordingly, in this presentation, papers offering a broader view of phonological and language disorders are examined. Excluded from consideration are studies dealing solely with aspects of phonological behavior.","PeriodicalId":364385,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Speech, Language and Hearing","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116271394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14