Evolutionary Human Sciences最新文献_第5页

Cooperation and group similarity in children and young adults in the UK 英国儿童和年轻人的合作和群体相似性

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2023.25

Bonaventura Majolo, Laëtitia Maréchal, Ferenc Igali, Julie Van de Vyver

{"title":"Cooperation and group similarity in children and young adults in the UK","authors":"Bonaventura Majolo, Laëtitia Maréchal, Ferenc Igali, Julie Van de Vyver","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2023.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ehs.2023.25","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract For cooperation to be beneficial, cooperators should be able to differentiate individuals who are willing to cooperate from free-riders. In the absence of kin or of familiar individuals, phenotypic similarity (e.g. in terms of language) can be used as a cue of how likely two or more individuals would behave similarly (cooperate or free-ride). Thus, phenotypic similarity could affect cooperation. However, it is unclear whether humans respond to any type of phenotypic similarity or whether only salient phenotypic traits guide cooperation. We tested whether within-group, non-salient phenotypic similarity affects cooperation in 280, 3-10 year old children and in 76 young adults (mean: 19.8 years old) in the UK. We experimentally manipulated the degree of phenotypic similarity in three computer-based experiments. We found no evidence of a preference for, or greater cooperation with, phenotypically similar individuals in children, even though children displayed ingroup preference. Conversely, young adults cooperated more with phenotypically similar than with phenotypically diverse individuals as themselves. Our results suggest that response to non-salient phenotypic similarity varies with age and that young adults may pay more attention to non-salient cues of diversity then children.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135199386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neighbours and relatives: accounting for spatial distribution when testing causal hypotheses in cultural evolution. 邻居和亲戚：在文化进化中检验因果假设时对空间分布的解释。

IF 2.6

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-04 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2023.23

Lindell Bromham, Keaghan J Yaxley

{"title":"Neighbours and relatives: accounting for spatial distribution when testing causal hypotheses in cultural evolution.","authors":"Lindell Bromham, Keaghan J Yaxley","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2023.23","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ehs.2023.23","url":null,"abstract":"Many important and interesting hypotheses about cultural evolution are evaluated using cross-cultural correlations: if knowing one particular feature of a culture (e.g. environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity or parasite load) allows you to predict other features (e.g. language features, religious beliefs, cuisine), it is often interpreted as indicating a causal link between the two (e.g. hotter climates carry greater disease risk, which encourages belief in supernatural forces and favours the use of antimicrobial ingredients in food preparation; dry climates make the production of distinct tones more difficult). However, testing such hypotheses from cross-cultural comparisons requires us to take proximity of cultures into account: nearby cultures share many aspects of their environment and are more likely to be similar in many culturally inherited traits. This can generate indirect associations between environment and culture which could be misinterpreted as signals of a direct causal link. Evaluating examples of cross-cultural correlations from the literature, we show that significant correlations interpreted as causal relationships can often be explained as a result of similarity between neighbouring cultures. We discuss some strategies for sorting the explanatory wheat from the co-varying chaff, distinguishing incidental correlations from causal relationships.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"5 ","pages":"e27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10565196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41214987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Use and Misuse of Evolutionary Psychology in Online Manosphere Communities: The Case of Female Mating Strategies 进化心理学在在线管理圈社区中的使用和误用:女性交配策略的案例

IF 2.6

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2023.22

Louis Bachaud, Sarah E. Johns

{"title":"Use and Misuse of Evolutionary Psychology in Online Manosphere Communities: The Case of Female Mating Strategies","authors":"Louis Bachaud, Sarah E. Johns","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2023.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ehs.2023.22","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 While early evolutionary accounts of female sexuality insisted on coyness and monogamous tendencies, evidence from the field of primatology started challenging those assumptions in the 1970s. Decades later, there exists many competing and overlapping hypotheses stressing the potential fitness benefits of female short-term and extra-pair mating. Female mammals are now seen as enacting varied and flexible reproductive strategies. This is both a victory for science, with a better fit between theory and reality, and for feminism, with the downfall of narrow stereotypes about female sexuality. However, evolutionary hypotheses on female mating strategies are routinely invoked among the antifeminist online communities collectively known as “the manosphere”. Based on extensive qualitative analysis of manosphere discourse, this study shows how these hypotheses are sometimes interpreted in misogynistic online spaces. Indeed, evolutionary scholars might be surprised to see sexist worldviews reinforced by the “dual mating strategy” and “sexy son” hypotheses, or by the latest research on the ovulatory cycle. The manosphere has its own version of Evolutionary Psychology, mingling cutting-edge scientific theories and hypotheses with personal narratives, sexual double standards, and misogynistic beliefs. After analyzing this phenomenon, this article suggests ways to mitigate it.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43904968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pathways to cultural adaptation: the coevolution of cumulative culture and social networks. 文化适应的途径：累积文化和社会网络的共同进化。

IF 2.6

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-25 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2023.21

Marco Smolla, Erol Akçay

{"title":"Pathways to cultural adaptation: the coevolution of cumulative culture and social networks.","authors":"Marco Smolla, Erol Akçay","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2023.21","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ehs.2023.21","url":null,"abstract":"Humans have adapted to an immense array of environments by accumulating culturally transmitted knowledge and skills. Adaptive culture can accumulate either via more distinct cultural traits or via improvements of existing cultural traits. The kind of culture that accumulates depends on, and coevolves with, the social structure of societies. Here, we show that the coevolution of learning networks and cumulative culture results in two distinct pathways to cultural adaptation: highly connected populations with high proficiency but low trait diversity vs. sparsely connected populations with low proficiency but higher trait diversity. Importantly, we show there is a conflict between group-level payoffs, which are maximised in highly connected groups that attain high proficiency, and individual level selection, which favours disconnection. This conflict emerges from the interaction of social learning with population structure and causes populations to cycle between the two cultural and network states. The same conflict creates a paradox where increasing innovation rate lowers group payoffs. Finally, we explore how populations navigate these two pathways in environments where payoffs differ among traits and can change over time, showing that high proficiency is favoured when payoffs are stable and vary strongly between traits, while frequent changes in trait payoffs favour more trait diversity. Our results illustrate the complex interplay between networks, learning and the environment, and so inform our understanding of human social evolution.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"5 ","pages":"e26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10565192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41214988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cultural evolution from the producers' standpoint. 从生产者的角度看文化演变。

IF 2.2

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-09 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2023.20

Jean-Baptiste André, Nicolas Baumard, Pascal Boyer

引用次数: 0

Genomic insights into a tripartite ancestry in the Southern Ryukyu Islands. 南琉球群岛三方祖先的基因组学见解。

IF 2.2

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-10 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2023.18

Niall P Cooke, Valeria Mattiangeli, Lara M Cassidy, Kenji Okazaki, Kenji Kasai, Daniel G Bradley, Takashi Gakuhari, Shigeki Nakagome

{"title":"Genomic insights into a tripartite ancestry in the Southern Ryukyu Islands.","authors":"Niall P Cooke, Valeria Mattiangeli, Lara M Cassidy, Kenji Okazaki, Kenji Kasai, Daniel G Bradley, Takashi Gakuhari, Shigeki Nakagome","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2023.18","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ehs.2023.18","url":null,"abstract":"A tripartite structure for the genetic origin of Japanese populations states that present-day populations are descended from three main ancestors: (1) the indigenous Jomon hunter-gatherers; (2) a Northeast Asian component that arrived during the agrarian Yayoi period; and (3) a major influx of East Asian ancestry in the imperial Kofun period. However, the genetic heterogeneity observed in different regions of the Japanese archipelago highlights the need to assess the applicability and suitability of this model. Here, we analyse historic genomes from the southern Ryukyu Islands, which have unique cultural and historical backgrounds compared with other parts of Japan. Our analysis supports the tripartite structure as the best fit in this region, with significantly higher estimated proportions of Jomon ancestry than mainland Japanese. Unlike the main islands, where each continental ancestor was directly brought by immigrants from the continent, those who already possessed the tripartite ancestor migrated to the southern Ryukyu Islands and admixed with the prehistoric people around the eleventh century AD, coinciding with the emergence of the Gusuku period. These results reaffirm the tripartite model in the southernmost extremes of the Japanese archipelago and show variability in how the structure emerged in diverse geographic regions.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"5 ","pages":"e23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10426068/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10019113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring causality from observational data: An example assessing whether religiosity promotes cooperation. 从观察数据中探索因果关系:一个评估宗教信仰是否促进合作的例子。

IF 2.2

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-27 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2023.17

Daniel Major-Smith

{"title":"Exploring causality from observational data: An example assessing whether religiosity promotes cooperation.","authors":"Daniel Major-Smith","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2023.17","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ehs.2023.17","url":null,"abstract":"Causal inference from observational data is notoriously difficult, and relies upon many unverifiable assumptions, including no confounding or selection bias. Here, we demonstrate how to apply a range of sensitivity analyses to examine whether a causal interpretation from observational data may be justified. These methods include: testing different confounding structures (as the assumed confounding model may be incorrect), exploring potential residual confounding and assessing the impact of selection bias due to missing data. We aim to answer the causal question 'Does religiosity promote cooperative behaviour?' as a motivating example of how these methods can be applied. We use data from the parental generation of a large-scale (n = approximately 14,000) prospective UK birth cohort (the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children), which has detailed information on religiosity and potential confounding variables, while cooperation was measured via self-reported history of blood donation. In this study, there was no association between religious belief or affiliation and blood donation. Religious attendance was positively associated with blood donation, but could plausibly be explained by unmeasured confounding. In this population, evidence that religiosity causes blood donation is suggestive, but rather weak. These analyses illustrate how sensitivity analyses can aid causal inference from observational research.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"5 ","pages":"e22"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10426067/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10019107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Yeosu-Suncheon Incident, Farmland Reform, and Local Experience 丽水-顺天事件、农地改革和地方经验

IF 2.6

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.33518/hs.10.4

Jung Eun Lee

引用次数: 0

Pull the Chestnuts out of the Fire: Discussions on the USS Panay Incident in the United States 火中取栗:关于美国班乃号事件的讨论

IF 2.6

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.33518/hs.10.1

F. Young

引用次数: 0

The Influence of the Memories of the Battle of Okinawa on the Transformation of the Okinawa Reversion Movement 冲绳战役的记忆对冲绳平叛运动转型的影响