Evolutionary Human Sciences最新文献

Quantifying and explaining the rise of fiction. 量化和解释小说的兴起。

IF 2.2

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2025-07-14 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2025.10011

Edgar Dubourg, Valentin Thouzeau, Quentin Borredon, Nicolas Baumard

{"title":"Quantifying and explaining the rise of fiction.","authors":"Edgar Dubourg, Valentin Thouzeau, Quentin Borredon, Nicolas Baumard","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2025.10011","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ehs.2025.10011","url":null,"abstract":"We present a comprehensive analysis of the rise of fictions across human narratives, using large-scale datasets that collectively span over 65,000 works across various media (movies, literary works), cultures (over 30 countries, Western and non-Western), and time periods (2000 BCE to 2020 CE). We measured fictiveness - defined as the degree of departure from reality - across three narrative dimensions: protagonists, events, and settings. We used automatic annotations from large language models (LLMs) to systematically score fictiveness and ensured the robustness and validity of our measure, specifically by demonstrating predictable variations in fictiveness across different genres, in all media. Statistical analyses of the changes in fictiveness over time revealed a steady increase, culminating in the 20th and 21st centuries, across all narrative forms. Remarkably, this trend is also evident in our data spanning ancient times: fictiveness increased gradually in narratives dating back as far as 2000 BCE, with notable peaks of fictiveness during affluent periods such as the heights of the Roman Empire, the Tang Dynasty, and the European Renaissance. We explore potential psychological explanations for the rise in fictiveness, including changing audience preferences driven by ecological and social changes.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"e20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12344597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144849283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Further insights into maternal and paternal human histories in southern Iberia. 进一步了解伊比利亚南部人类的母系和父系历史。

IF 2.2

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2025-07-07 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2025.10006

Marina González-Barrio, Luis J Sánchez-Martínez, Rosario Calderón, Candela L Hernández

{"title":"Further insights into maternal and paternal human histories in southern Iberia.","authors":"Marina González-Barrio, Luis J Sánchez-Martínez, Rosario Calderón, Candela L Hernández","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2025.10006","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ehs.2025.10006","url":null,"abstract":"Human genetic structure of Iberian populations has been thoroughly explored in the last decades. The internal diversity of the Iberian Peninsula becomes visible by the different phylogeographic origins of particular mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome lineages, which show a high degree of population specificity. In the present study, we combined information on matrilineal and patrilineal variation patterns in two autochthonous populations from Andalusia region (southern Spain). A special focus is made to a male sample set where both uniparental data are available. Gene diversities estimates yielded not statistically significant differences between both types of samples and markers. Genetic ancestry among Andalusians seems to be constituted by three foremost continental origins: European, African, and Middle Eastern. The examined male group has revealed a noticeable proportion of individuals (over 45%) with a non-correspondence between maternal and paternal haplogroup origins, a signal of different population demographic histories linked to both sexes in the past. Andalusian males seem to be well differentiated according to ancestries. As expected, mtDNA diversity was much higher than that for the Y chromosome, a fact that can be caused by patrilocality, which leads to particular social structures with effects on haploid genomes in modern human populations.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"e22"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12344598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144849282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Skewed sex ratios and violence against women in Pakistan. 巴基斯坦性别比例失衡和针对女性的暴力。

IF 2.2

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2025-07-01 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2025.10003

Olympia L K Campbell, Maheen Pracha, Ruth Mace

{"title":"Skewed sex ratios and violence against women in Pakistan.","authors":"Olympia L K Campbell, Maheen Pracha, Ruth Mace","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2025.10003","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ehs.2025.10003","url":null,"abstract":"Concerns have been raised that an excess of men leads to societal violence, including violence against women, although recent evidence has challenged this view. One area that remains untested is honour killings, a type of femicide perpetrated by unrelated family members, such as intimate partners, and related family members, such as parents and siblings. Using a novel data set of media reports of honour killings from Pakistan we test whether the sex ratio is associated with femicide. To address reporting bias, we implement two case-control studies. The first compares media reports of honour killings to male suicides. The second compares honour killings perpetrated by unrelated individuals to those perpetrated by kin. We find evidence that honour killings perpetrated by unrelated individuals are higher in male-biased areas compared to those perpetrated by kin. Honour killings of women by kin therefore appear less sensitive to the sex ratio. Results align with sexual selection theory, suggesting more male competition may lead to more violence. We also find weak evidence that male-biased areas report more male suicides than honour killings. However, we caution against drawing causal conclusions due to potential confounding variables, particularly economic deprivation. This highlights the challenges of studying sensitive topics quantitatively.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"e18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12344599/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144849284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evidence that cultural groups differ in their abilities to detect fake accents: a follow up. 不同文化群体在识别假口音能力上存在差异的证据：后续研究。

IF 2.2

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2025-07-01 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2025.10007

Jonathan R Goodman, Robert A Foley

引用次数: 0

Relationship between trackmakers of the Laetoli footprints from gait synchronization. 从步态同步看Laetoli脚印的足迹制造者之间的关系。

IF 2.2

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-08 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2025.10

Wataru Nakahashi

{"title":"Relationship between trackmakers of the Laetoli footprints from gait synchronization.","authors":"Wataru Nakahashi","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2025.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ehs.2025.10","url":null,"abstract":"The parallel trails of footprints at Laetoli site G are important fossils for studying the characteristics of Australopithecus afarensis. However, the relationship between the trackmakers - i.e. whether it was that of an adult male-female pair or of parent-offspring - remains unclear. The footprints show that the two individuals walked side by side with a narrow and constant distance between them and synchronized their leg movements and step lengths (gait synchronization), although they had a large height difference. In this study, live camera videos were collected to obtain data on gait synchronization in Homo sapiens, the closest extant species to A. afarensis. The data showed that when two humans with a large height difference walked alongside each other, with (at least) one of the pair having their arm around the other's shoulder or back, adult male-female pairs (couples) frequently synchronized their gait, but parent-offspring pairs did not, whereas both couples and parent-offspring seldom synchronized when they walked side by side without connection or with handholding. Two individuals only maintained a narrow and constant distance like that between the Laetoli footprints when they walked with an arm-around connection. Therefore, assuming that A. afarensis had the same gait synchronization tendency as H. sapiens, the trackmakers were more likely to be an adult male-female pair than a parent-offspring one.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"e13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12034493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Social induction and the developmental trajectory of participation in intergroup conflict by vervet monkeys. 长尾猴群体冲突参与的社会诱导与发展轨迹。

IF 2.2

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2025-03-13 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2025.7

Madison Clarke, Tyler Bonnell, Rosemary Blersch, Christina Nord, Chloé Vilette, Christopher Young, Peter Henzi, Louise Barrett

{"title":"Social induction and the developmental trajectory of participation in intergroup conflict by vervet monkeys.","authors":"Madison Clarke, Tyler Bonnell, Rosemary Blersch, Christina Nord, Chloé Vilette, Christopher Young, Peter Henzi, Louise Barrett","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2025.7","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ehs.2025.7","url":null,"abstract":"We assess the proposition that intergroup conflict (IGC) in non-human primates offers a useful comparison for studies of human IGC and its links to parochial altruism and prosociality. That is, for non-linguistic animals, social network integration and maternal influence promote juvenile engagement in IGC and can serve as the initial grounding for sociocultural processes that drive human cooperation. Using longitudinal data from three cohorts of non-adult vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus), we show that non-adults are sensitive to personal (age) and situational risk (participant numbers). The frequency and intensity of participation, although modulated by rank and temperament, both mirrors maternal participation and reflects non-adult centrality in the grooming network. The possibility of social induction is corroborated by the distribution of grooming during IGC, with non-adults being more likely to be groomed if they were female, higher-ranking and participants themselves. Mothers were more likely to groom younger offspring participants of either sex, whereas other adults targeted higher-ranking female participants. Although we caution against a facile alignment of these outcomes to human culturally mediated induction, there is merit in considering how the embodied act of participation and the resultant social give-and-take might serve as the basis for a unified comparative investigation of prosociality.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"e9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11949634/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143755033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Construct validity in cross-cultural, developmental research: challenges and strategies for improvement. 跨文化发展研究的效度建构：挑战与改善策略。

IF 2.2

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2025-02-21 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2025.3

Nicole J Wen, Dorsa Amir, Jennifer M Clegg, Helen E Davis, Natalia B Dutra, Michelle A Kline, Sheina Lew-Levy, Tanya MacGillivray, Gairan Pamei, Yitong Wang, Jing Xu, Bruce S Rawlings

{"title":"Construct validity in cross-cultural, developmental research: challenges and strategies for improvement.","authors":"Nicole J Wen, Dorsa Amir, Jennifer M Clegg, Helen E Davis, Natalia B Dutra, Michelle A Kline, Sheina Lew-Levy, Tanya MacGillivray, Gairan Pamei, Yitong Wang, Jing Xu, Bruce S Rawlings","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2025.3","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ehs.2025.3","url":null,"abstract":"The recent expansion of cross-cultural research in the social sciences has led to increased discourse on methodological issues involved when studying culturally diverse populations. However, discussions have largely overlooked the challenges of construct validity - ensuring instruments are measuring what they are intended to - in diverse cultural contexts, particularly in developmental research. We contend that cross-cultural developmental research poses distinct problems for ensuring high construct validity owing to the nuances of working with children, and that the standard approach of transporting protocols designed and validated in one population to another risks low construct validity. Drawing upon our own and others' work, we highlight several challenges to construct validity in the field of cross-cultural developmental research, including (1) lack of cultural and contextual knowledge, (2) dissociating developmental and cultural theory and methods, (3) lack of causal frameworks, (4) superficial and short-term partnerships and collaborations, and (5) culturally inappropriate tools and tests. We provide guidelines for addressing these challenges, including (1) using ethnographic and observational approaches, (2) developing evidence-based causal frameworks, (3) conducting community-engaged and collaborative research, and (4) the application of culture-specific refinements and training. We discuss the need to balance methodological consistency with culture-specific refinements to improve construct validity in cross-cultural developmental research.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"e17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12179541/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144477059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Breaking-up and breaking the norm: intergenerational divorce transmission among two ethnolinguistic groups. 分裂与打破常规：两个民族语言群体的代际离婚传播。

IF 2.2

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2025-02-18 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2025.9

Caroline Uggla

{"title":"Breaking-up and breaking the norm: intergenerational divorce transmission among two ethnolinguistic groups.","authors":"Caroline Uggla","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2025.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ehs.2025.9","url":null,"abstract":"Individuals who experience divorce in childhood are more likely to divorce themselves as adults. Notably, the magnitude of the intergenerational divorce transmission is stronger for groups among whom divorce is rare. This transmission may reflect differences in mating strategies passed from parent to child, or differences in cultural norms between groups. Sociologists and demographers have struggled to disentangle socioeconomic and cultural factors, because groups that are less wealthy also tend to have higher divorce rates. We use data from Finland, where two native ethnolinguistic groups with comparable socioeconomic characteristics - but different divorce risks - live side by side: Swedish-speakers and Finnish-speakers. Using register data on the entire Finnish population (N = 554,337 couples 1987-2020), we examine separation risk as a function of parental divorce. Data suggest that the intergenerational transmission is greater among Swedish-speakers, who have an overall lower separation rate. Group differences in separation risk persist even after controlling for socioeconomic factors and each partner's experience of parental divorce. Notably, Finnish-speaking couples who reside in Swedish-dominated areas have both somewhat lower separation risk, and higher intergenerational transmission than their peers in Finnish-dominated areas. These results point to a cultural transmission of separation, beyond strong socioeconomic factors.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"e14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12034495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Having a monk in the family and all-cause mortality: a seven-year prospective cohort study. 家中有和尚与全因死亡率：一项为期7年的前瞻性队列研究。

IF 2.2

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2025-02-17 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2025.1

Liqiong Zhou, Yuan Chen, Erhao Ge, Aijie Zhang, Yasi Zhang, Juan Du, Ruth Mace, Yiqiang Zhan

{"title":"Having a monk in the family and all-cause mortality: a seven-year prospective cohort study.","authors":"Liqiong Zhou, Yuan Chen, Erhao Ge, Aijie Zhang, Yasi Zhang, Juan Du, Ruth Mace, Yiqiang Zhan","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2025.1","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ehs.2025.1","url":null,"abstract":"Religious celibate monks at the household level possibly reduce all-cause mortality risk among non-monk older Tibetans. This study aims to investigate the association between having a celibate monk in a family and the all-cause mortality of non-monk household members in a Tibetan population. Baseline interviews were conducted for 713 agropastoral Amdo Tibetans aged ≥50 years residing in the eastern Tibetan Plateau from 2016 to 2017. The Cox mixed-effects regression model was used to estimate the association between having a celibate monk in a household and the mortality risk of other non-monk household members. Potential confounders included age, sex, household size, educational attainment, household wealth (measured as the number of yaks), marital status, and annual expenditure. During a median follow-up of 7 years, 54 deaths were identified. The results showed that people living in households with celibate monks had a lower risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio: 0.31, 95% confidence interval: 0.14, 0.67) as compared with those living in households without celibate monks. The results remained robust after controlling for confounders, suggesting that religious celibate monks at the household level were associated with lower all-cause mortality among non-monk older household members.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"e8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11884931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Visual attention to faces during attractiveness and dominance judgements. 在吸引力和支配性判断过程中对面部的视觉关注。

IF 2.2

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2025-02-14 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2025.2

Žaneta Pátková, Vít Třebický, Martin Kocourek, Dagmar Schwambergová, Karel Kleisner, Jan Havlíček, Jitka Třebická Fialová

{"title":"Visual attention to faces during attractiveness and dominance judgements.","authors":"Žaneta Pátková, Vít Třebický, Martin Kocourek, Dagmar Schwambergová, Karel Kleisner, Jan Havlíček, Jitka Třebická Fialová","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2025.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ehs.2025.2","url":null,"abstract":"Perception studies describe numerous discrete morphological facial features as important to judgements of various characteristics. Interestingly, little is known about whether people actually direct their visual attention to these features and how specific contexts or sex affect this attention. We, therefore, examined visual attention to faces in the context of intersexual (opposite-sex assessment of attractiveness) and intrasexual (same-sex assessment of dominance) selection. In total, 93 women and 33 men rated 80 high-resolution facial photographs of men and women while their gaze was recorded using eye-tracking. To explore patterns of raters' attention to faces and specific facial features, we used the number of fixations, fixation duration, and visit duration as visual attention measures. Women directed more visual attention towards the faces of potential partners (more fixations) than potential rivals, and men had longer fixation duration when assessing potential partners than rivals. Facial features that acquired the most visual attention across contexts and sexes were the eyes, nose, and mouth, but small differences between the sexes and contexts in visual attention were found for other facial regions suggested by previous perception studies, such as the chin and the cheeks indicating their importance in specific judgements.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"e15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12056419/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144019460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0