Evolutionary Human Sciences最新文献

Having a monk in the family and all-cause mortality: a seven-year prospective cohort study.

IF 2.2

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2025-02-17 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2025.1

Liqiong Zhou, Yuan Chen, Erhao Ge, Aijie Zhang, Yasi Zhang, Juan Du, Ruth Mace, Yiqiang Zhan

{"title":"Having a monk in the family and all-cause mortality: a seven-year prospective cohort study.","authors":"Liqiong Zhou, Yuan Chen, Erhao Ge, Aijie Zhang, Yasi Zhang, Juan Du, Ruth Mace, Yiqiang Zhan","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2025.1","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ehs.2025.1","url":null,"abstract":"Religious celibate monks at the household level possibly reduce all-cause mortality risk among non-monk older Tibetans. This study aims to investigate the association between having a celibate monk in a family and the all-cause mortality of non-monk household members in a Tibetan population. Baseline interviews were conducted for 713 agropastoral Amdo Tibetans aged ≥50 years residing in the eastern Tibetan Plateau from 2016 to 2017. The Cox mixed-effects regression model was used to estimate the association between having a celibate monk in a household and the mortality risk of other non-monk household members. Potential confounders included age, sex, household size, educational attainment, household wealth (measured as the number of yaks), marital status, and annual expenditure. During a median follow-up of 7 years, 54 deaths were identified. The results showed that people living in households with celibate monks had a lower risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio: 0.31, 95% confidence interval: 0.14, 0.67) as compared with those living in households without celibate monks. The results remained robust after controlling for confounders, suggesting that religious celibate monks at the household level were associated with lower all-cause mortality among non-monk older household members.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"e8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11884931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Affixation patterns in native language and sequence processing by statistical learning mechanisms.

IF 2.2

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2025-02-14 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2025.6

Mikhail Ordin

引用次数: 0

The cover of randomness: validating implicit methods for the study of sensitive topics.

IF 2.2

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2025-02-12 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2024.48

Charles Efferson, Sonja Vogt

{"title":"The cover of randomness: validating implicit methods for the study of sensitive topics.","authors":"Charles Efferson, Sonja Vogt","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2024.48","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ehs.2024.48","url":null,"abstract":"We review the methods we developed to study female genital cutting in Sudan and sex-selective abortion in Armenia. These methods were untested at the time of our original research, and here we compare the distinct but overlapping approaches we used to validate our methods for each of the two countries. Additionally, we repeat a number of analyses, including those related to validation, with previously unpublished data from Sudan. All results replicate previous findings. Replicating previous results is encouraging, but we nonetheless argue that validation for Armenia is more convincing than for Sudan. Specifically, even if female genital cutting and the preferential abortion of females are equally sensitive as research topics, son bias is inherently easier to study than cutting because biological sex determination is a random process with no natural analogue in the case of cutting. This randomness provides a kind of cover for research participants who are son-biased but want to create the impression that they are not. This cover, in turn, allows the researcher to resolve any trade-off between methods that produce explicit granular data and methods that produce untraceable, highly aggregated data in favour of methods producing the explicit and granular.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"e6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11896713/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143617471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

When to stop social learning from a predecessor in an information-foraging task.

IF 2.2

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-20 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2024.29

Hidezo Suganuma, Aoi Naito, Kentaro Katahira, Tatsuya Kameda

{"title":"When to stop social learning from a predecessor in an information-foraging task.","authors":"Hidezo Suganuma, Aoi Naito, Kentaro Katahira, Tatsuya Kameda","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2024.29","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ehs.2024.29","url":null,"abstract":"Striking a balance between individual and social learning is one of the key capabilities that support adaptation under uncertainty. Although intergenerational transmission of information is ubiquitous, little is known about when and how newcomers switch from learning loyally from preceding models to exploring independently. Using a behavioural experiment, we investigated how social information available from a preceding demonstrator affects the timing of becoming independent and individual performance thereafter. Participants worked on a 30-armed bandit task for 100 trials. For the first 15 trials, participants simply observed the choices of a demonstrator who had accumulated more knowledge about the environment and passively received rewards from the demonstrator's choices. Thereafter, participants could switch to making independent choices at any time. We had three conditions differing in the social information available from the demonstrator: choice only, reward only or both. Results showed that both participants' strategies about when to stop observational learning and their behavioural patterns after independence depended on the available social information. Participants generally failed to make the best use of previously observed social information in their subsequent independent choices, suggesting the importance of direct communication beyond passive observation for better intergenerational transmission under uncertainty. Implications for cultural evolution are discussed.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"e2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11810515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143400233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A season for indulgence.

IF 2.2

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-20 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2024.49

Ruth Mace

引用次数: 0

Perceived inequality and variability in the expression of parochial altruism.

IF 2.2

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-20 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2024.43

Cody T Ross, Anne C Pisor

{"title":"Perceived inequality and variability in the expression of parochial altruism.","authors":"Cody T Ross, Anne C Pisor","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2024.43","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ehs.2024.43","url":null,"abstract":"It is commonly argued that humans have generalised predispositions for within-group favouritism and between-group animus (i.e. that humans are parochially altruistic), leading to higher levels of internal conflict in societies with greater diversity. Other research, however, has questioned both the ubiquity of parochial altruism and the role of diversity per se in causing social discord. Here, we use ethnographic, social network and experimental economic game data to explore this topic in two multi-ethnic Colombian communities. We examine the extent to which Afrocolombian and Emberá residents express parochial altruism, finding appreciable variability between communities, and across individuals within communities. When present, parochial altruism appears to be driven by divergent perceptions of group-based economic need, not group identity per se. Our results suggest that diversity may be less likely to cause social discord than past work has suggested, as long as group-based inequalities in wealth, well-being and representation - that can destabilise positive inter-group relationships - are minimised.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"e3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11810521/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143400219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The evolution of similarity-biased social learning.

IF 2.2

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-20 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2024.46

Paul E Smaldino, Alejandro Pérez Velilla

引用次数: 0

Close and more distant relatives are associated with child mortality risk in historical Finland.

IF 2.2

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-20 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2024.47

Mirkka Lahdenperä, Milla Salonen, Takayuki Hiraoka, Martin W Seltmann, Jari Saramäki, Virpi Lummaa

{"title":"Close and more distant relatives are associated with child mortality risk in historical Finland.","authors":"Mirkka Lahdenperä, Milla Salonen, Takayuki Hiraoka, Martin W Seltmann, Jari Saramäki, Virpi Lummaa","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2024.47","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ehs.2024.47","url":null,"abstract":"Humans are characterised as cooperative breeders, as not only the parents but also other members of the social group take part in raising offspring. The individuals who invest most in childrearing are usually the more closely related individuals. However, most studies have concentrated on close kin and the effects of more distant kin remain unknown. Here, we investigated the associations of child mortality (<5 years, n = 32,000 children) with the presence of 36 different types of relatives, divided by lineage and sex, in a historical Finnish population. We found that the presence and greater number of several paternal relatives were associated with an increase in child mortality and many of these associations were seen among the wealthiest families, due to inheritance practices and shared resources. The presence of the maternal grandmother was associated with a decrease in child mortality and the most among poorer families, who probably needed the grandmother's contribution more than the wealthy. Our results bring new insights into the importance of kin and suggest that relatives can provide support or other resources but also compete for limited resources and care. The results give a broader perspective of human family life and increase understanding of the evolution of cooperative breeding.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"e5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11811707/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143400215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Expressed disapproval does not sustain long-term cooperation as effectively as costly punishment. 表达不满并不像代价高昂的惩罚那样有效地维持长期合作。

IF 2.2

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-26 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2024.41

Adam Sparks, Tyler Burleigh, Pat Barclay

{"title":"Expressed disapproval does not sustain long-term cooperation as effectively as costly punishment.","authors":"Adam Sparks, Tyler Burleigh, Pat Barclay","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2024.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ehs.2024.41","url":null,"abstract":"Punishment plays a role in human cooperation, but it is costly. Prior research shows that people are more cooperative when they expect to receive negative feedback for non-cooperation, even in the absence of costly punishment, which would have interesting implications for theory and applications. However, based on theories of habituation and cue-based learning, we propose that people will learn to ignore expressions of disapproval that are not clearly associated with material costs or benefits. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a between-subjects, 40-round public goods game (i.e. much longer than most studies), where participants could respond to others' contributions by sending numerical disapproval messages, paying to reduce others' earnings, or neither. Consistent with previous results, we observed steadily increasing contributions in the costly punishment condition. In contrast, contributions declined after the early rounds in the expressed disapproval condition, and were eventually no higher than the basic control condition with neither costly punishment nor disapproval ratings. In other words, costless disapproval may temporarily increase cooperation, but the effects fade. We discuss the theoretical and applied implications of our findings, including the unexpectedly high levels of cooperation in a second control condition.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"6 ","pages":"e53"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11706683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cultural transmission, networks, and clusters among Austronesian-speaking peoples. 南岛语民族之间的文化传播、网络和集群。

IF 2.2

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-06 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2024.45

Joshua C Macdonald, Javier Blanco-Portillo, Marcus W Feldman, Yoav Ram

引用次数: 0