Evolutionary Human Sciences最新文献

Analogies evolve by increasing transmission fidelity in the communication of complex information. 在复杂信息的传播中，类比通过提高传输保真度而进化。

IF 2.1

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2026-07-21 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2026.10063

Thomas Holding, Paul E Smaldino, Charlotte O Brand

引用次数: 0

Resources modify the associations between kin and fertility in historical Finland. 资源改变了芬兰历史上亲缘关系和生育能力之间的联系。

IF 2.1

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2026-07-03 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2026.10060

Milla Salonen, Mirkka Lahdenperä, Takayuki Hiraoka, Jari Saramäki, Virpi Lummaa

{"title":"Resources modify the associations between kin and fertility in historical Finland.","authors":"Milla Salonen, Mirkka Lahdenperä, Takayuki Hiraoka, Jari Saramäki, Virpi Lummaa","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2026.10060","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ehs.2026.10060","url":null,"abstract":"Inclusive fitness theory predicts that to maximize fitness, individuals should invest in kin, but relatives can also compete for resources. These opposing forces can have opposite effects on fertility, which was further constrained by marital and inheritance norms in traditional Western societies. How available resources influence this balance between helping and competing remains poorly understood. To investigate whether kin help or harm fertility, we used genealogical records from a population registry to study how relatives alive at age 15 were associated with marriage and lifetime number of children in Finnish people born 1752-1879, comparing landowning and landless individuals. Our results show that for focals born to landowning families, both older and younger siblings were associated with a higher age at first marriage, but the maternal grandmother and younger sisters were positively associated with fertility. These associations also differed by the focal's sex. Among the landless, siblings were also relatively weakly associated with poor marital outcomes, but not with the lifetime number of children. Relatives were not associated with lifetime childlessness. These results suggest that a high level of resources may intensify both positive and negative associations between kin and fertility, possibly through inheritance patterns, competition for resources and childcare help.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"e30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13435151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148674294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of fundamental social motives on environmental variation of compliance during pandemics. 大流行期间基本社会动机对依从性环境变化的影响。

IF 2.1

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2026-07-03 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2026.10062

Ruoting Liu, Tingshao Zhu, Xuefeng Chen, Yan-Mei Li

{"title":"Effects of fundamental social motives on environmental variation of compliance during pandemics.","authors":"Ruoting Liu, Tingshao Zhu, Xuefeng Chen, Yan-Mei Li","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2026.10062","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ehs.2026.10062","url":null,"abstract":"Compliance with epidemic prevention norms has been found to be higher in developing regions than in developed regions; however, the nature and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We propose that socioeconomic development of environments changes the adaptive benefits of fundamental social motives, especially disease avoidance and familial motives, which shape variations in compliance during pandemics. To examine the effects of these motives on the relationship between socioeconomic environments and compliance, we conducted three studies measuring environmental socioeconomic development with the Human Development Index (HDI). Study 1 (with two datasets: N = 43,244, 53 countries; N = 94,657, 71 countries) revealed a stable negative correlation between country-level HDI and compliance, even after controlling disease severity, government responses, and individualism. Studies 2 (an analysis of social media text data; N = 22,588, 31 provinces) and 3 (a large-sample survey; N = 6,122, 31 cities) replicated this correlation in China at the provincial and city levels, and identified disease avoidance and familial motives as mediators. These findings provide evidence for how socioeconomic environments shape compliance during pandemics, highlight the importance of familial motives alongside disease avoidance, and offer insights into tailoring public health strategies across diverse environments.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"e31"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13437989/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148680125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reciprocal exchanges across multilayered networks show an emerging patron-client system led by salaried households. 跨多层网络的互惠交换显示了一个由工薪家庭主导的新兴的赞助人-客户体系。

IF 2.1

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2026-07-03 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2026.10061

Joon Hwang, Neil G MacLaren, David Nolin, Siobhán Cully, Nurul Alam, Mary K Shenk

{"title":"Reciprocal exchanges across multilayered networks show an emerging patron-client system led by salaried households.","authors":"Joon Hwang, Neil G MacLaren, David Nolin, Siobhán Cully, Nurul Alam, Mary K Shenk","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2026.10061","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ehs.2026.10061","url":null,"abstract":"Evolutionary models of social inequality suggest that status differentiation can emerge within cooperative networks through sustained asymmetric exchanges between high- and low-value resources, giving rise to patron-client relationships. From a network perspective, such asymmetric relationships take the form of multilayered reciprocity, where different types of resources are exchanged across domains. By analysing multilayered support networks in Matlab, Bangladesh, a region undergoing rapid market integration, we examine how multilayered reciprocity is differently leveraged depending on socioeconomic status and how these exchange patterns reflect an emerging patron-client system in an increasingly market-integrated community. Evidence of multilayered reciprocity is found for salaried households who provide cash and receive household items and/or labour services, but similar patterns are not found for landowners or local political leaders. Further, observed asymmetries in exchange patterns suggest that salaried households may be emerging as new patrons providing sought-after resources (especially cash) to clients with limited access to such resources, replacing a traditional patron-client system based on land ownership and political leadership. Our findings highlight a mechanism by which human cooperation can give rise to new forms of social inequality, offering a framework for extending evolutionary models to explain cooperation and inequality in changing socioeconomic contexts.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"e29"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13420160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148631986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gaze in context: non-human eyes can be more salient under ecologically relevant conditions. 情境中的凝视：在生态相关的条件下，非人类的眼睛可能更加突出。

IF 2.1

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2026-06-19 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2026.10058

Juan Olvido Perea García, Fumihiro Kano, Marta Sibierska, Vojtěch Fiala, Marta K Skrok, Dariusz P Danel, Ewa Katarzyna Ratajczak, Przemyslaw Zywiczynski, Slawomir Wacewicz

{"title":"Gaze in context: non-human eyes can be more salient under ecologically relevant conditions.","authors":"Juan Olvido Perea García, Fumihiro Kano, Marta Sibierska, Vojtěch Fiala, Marta K Skrok, Dariusz P Danel, Ewa Katarzyna Ratajczak, Przemyslaw Zywiczynski, Slawomir Wacewicz","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2026.10058","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ehs.2026.10058","url":null,"abstract":"Primate eyes vary strikingly in pigmentation, yet the drivers of said variation are strongly debated. Recent revisions of the cooperative eye hypothesis propose that the human eye's sclera evolved to enhance gaze communication specifically under challenging conditions of visibility. We tested this idea under ecologically realistic conditions by presenting observers with a live model wearing contact lenses that simulated either a human-like or a chimpanzee-like eye. At a university lab, observers judged gaze direction at different viewing distances and lighting levels. We found no overall difference in efficacy of different eye types. Contrary to expectations, chimpanzee-like eyes outperformed human-like eyes in dim lighting and close-viewing conditions. Human-like eyes yielded the highest accuracy under bright, far-viewing conditions, consistent with a long-distance signalling advantage. Our results demonstrate that ecological visual constraints shape the potential informativeness of distinct ocular configurations. We hypothesize that species-typical eye appearances may be tuned to their species-typical visual ecology.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"e25"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13319479/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148370064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Memeing scientific racism: the digital reframing of racialist ideologies. 迷因科学种族主义：种族主义意识形态的数字化重构。

IF 2.1

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2026-06-17 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2026.10059

Sarah Rodriguez-Louette

{"title":"Memeing scientific racism: the digital reframing of racialist ideologies.","authors":"Sarah Rodriguez-Louette","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2026.10059","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ehs.2026.10059","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines how racialised memes circulating on X revive scientific racism, demonstrating that hybrid formats reconfigure biological essentialisation within contemporary digital culture. Using a corpus of 68 viral items and 4 case studies, our analysis applies Shifman's content-form-stance model, informed by cognitive psychology. We show that these memes adopt common scientific conventions while relying on visual polarisation, whereby rapid perceptual contrasts stand in for arguments. Familiar templates, reinforced by selective algorithmic amplification, create a sense of perceptual legitimacy through fast categorisation and pre-attentive processing. We also trace how these cognitive shortcuts provide the basis for a regime of racialisation tailored to digitally immersed male audiences, producing gendered behavioural stereotypes and disappearance anxieties. A further pattern is the recoding of older racial hierarchies into neutral-sounding language of competence, allowing these ideas to travel across racialist, masculinist, techno-elitist, and anti-DEI (Diversity, Equity, Inclusion) communities. In this environment, memes work as micro-infrastructures of classification that align claims to objectivity with affect and platform incentives, making inequality appear natural and necessary. We conclude that effective critique must meet these images on their own terrain, with a pedagogy of the gaze that teaches publics how to recognise and challenge persuasion in meme-driven spaces.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"e27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13358990/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148438308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Two universal pathways in demographic transition. 人口转型的两条普遍路径。

IF 2.1

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2026-06-15 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2026.10054

Kenji Itao

{"title":"Two universal pathways in demographic transition.","authors":"Kenji Itao","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2026.10054","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ehs.2026.10054","url":null,"abstract":"Demographic transition, characterised by declines in fertility and mortality, is a global phenomenon associated with modernisation. While typical patterns of fertility decline have been described mainly in Western countries, their applicability to other regions and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Using data spanning 1800-2020 from 237 countries and territories, this study identifies two universal pathways in the change in the crude birth rate (births per 1,000 person-years, λ) and period life expectancy at birth (e 0). Most countries' demographic trajectories follow one of these two pathways or shift between them. These pathways define phases governed by different mechanisms. Phase I, conserving λe 0, dominated until the mid-20th century and was characterised by high child mortality and steady population growth. By contrast, Phase II, conserving λexp(e 0/17), has prevailed since 1950 and is marked by low child mortality and steady growth in GDP per capita. A theoretical model considering the trade-off between reproduction and education elucidates the transition between these phases. The transition to Phase II is accelerated by declining educational costs, rising social mobility, and cultural transmission linked to modernisation and Westernisation. This study demonstrates quantitative regularities between fertility and longevity during demographic transition and provides a theoretical lens for their underlying mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"e28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13359015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148438303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Attention and improvement: social learning reveals two behavioural dimensions behind dog-human interactions. 注意和改进：社会学习揭示了狗与人互动背后的两个行为维度。

IF 2.1

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2026-06-11 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2026.10057

Peter Pongracz, Petra Dobos

{"title":"Attention and improvement: social learning reveals two behavioural dimensions behind dog-human interactions.","authors":"Peter Pongracz, Petra Dobos","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2026.10057","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ehs.2026.10057","url":null,"abstract":"Humans selected hundreds of dog breeds, which show different levels of dependence on human-provided cues. While robust grouping factors, such as genetic relatedness-based ancestry and function-based cooperativeness, denote useful frameworks to analyse behavioural differences in dogs, they may lack fine enough resolution for a more detail-oriented understanding of human-oriented behaviours. Here, we focused on behaviour-based analysis of the characteristic reliance of dog breeds on human behaviour. We utilized N = 187 adult purebred dogs' performance in a social learning task. Dogs observed a human demonstrator performing a detour around a transparent obstacle. With Principal Component Analysis, we established two behavioural dimensions: detour latency improvement and watching the demonstrator. Then, with K-means cluster analysis, we found six categories, based on different combinations of lower/higher values of the two dimensions. The clusters showed significant differences in both behavioural dimensions, highlighting attention combined with improvement types among purebred working dogs. Some extremes showed excellent improvement with only minimal attention to the human demonstrator, while others watched the human without improving their performance. We conclude that by finer analysis, it is possible to set up a dependence-based framework for the understanding of behavioural differences among dogs that go beyond functional breed-selection and ancestry.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"e26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13359009/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148438368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The cultural ecology of social media. 社交媒体的文化生态。

IF 2.1

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2026-05-29 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2026.10052

Alberto Acerbi

引用次数: 0

An evolutionary approach to privacy and information-management psychology. 隐私和信息管理心理学的进化方法。

IF 2.1

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2026-05-07 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2026.10051

Sophie Elizabeth Klitgaard, Daniel M T Fessler

{"title":"An evolutionary approach to privacy and information-management psychology.","authors":"Sophie Elizabeth Klitgaard, Daniel M T Fessler","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2026.10051","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ehs.2026.10051","url":null,"abstract":"Current debates concerning the use of digital technology often focus on privacy, yet privacy attitudes and behaviour are remarkably under-theorized, and relatively little empirical research has investigated privacy beyond the realm of digital communications. Building on evolutionary scholarship on information exchange, we outline a theoretical model in which cultural concepts of privacy reflect the workings of evolved psychological mechanisms that aim to regulate others' access to fitness-relevant information towards adaptive ends. Results of two initial U.S. vignette studies distributed via Prolific (n = 425, 120) support the core predictions of this model, suggesting that people may have implicit and unstated assumptions regarding how information spreads in social environments. Specifically, participants' privacy evaluations were predicted by whether information was intentionally acquired, the extent to which information was transmitted, and an individual's position in an information transfer event. Importantly, how information was acquired and the nature of its transmission constituted independent but interacting influences on privacy perceptions. Additionally, results suggest the location within shared social networks of the individual to whom information is transmitted is used as a proxy for the potential costs of dissemination.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"e21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13184659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147983386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0