Evolutionary Human Sciences最新文献_第6页

Tracing contact and migration in pre-Bantu Southern Africa through lexical borrowing. 通过词汇借用追踪班图前南非的接触和移民。

IF 2.2

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2025-07-23 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2025.10014

Anne-Maria Fehn, Bonny E Sands, Admire Phiri, Maitseo Bolaane, Gaseitsiwe Masunga, Ezequiel Fabiano, Jorge Rocha

{"title":"Tracing contact and migration in pre-Bantu Southern Africa through lexical borrowing.","authors":"Anne-Maria Fehn, Bonny E Sands, Admire Phiri, Maitseo Bolaane, Gaseitsiwe Masunga, Ezequiel Fabiano, Jorge Rocha","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2025.10014","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ehs.2025.10014","url":null,"abstract":"Lexical borrowing may provide valuable clues about the sociohistorical context of language contact. Here we explore patterns of vocabulary transfer between languages from three families (Kx'a, Tuu, Khoe-Kwadi) comprising the linguistic unit commonly referred to as Southern African Khoisan. In our data set, 20% of 1,706 roots are shared between at least two families. By applying a carefully chosen set of linguistic and extralinguistic criteria, we were able to trace the origin of 71% of shared roots, with the remaining 29% constituting good candidates for ancient contact or shared common ancestry of the forager families Kx'a and Tuu. More than half of the shared roots for which an origin could be determined trace back to Khoe-Kwadi and were borrowed into languages of other families within two major confluence zones with different sociohistorical profiles: (i) the Central Kalahari characterized by egalitarian interaction between languages of all three families and (ii) the southern and south-western Kalahari Basin fringes showing unilateral transfer from Khoe-Kwadi-speaking herders into resident forager groups. The findings of this study complement genetic and archaeological research on southern Africa and testify to the value of linguistics in the multidisciplinary inference of contact and migration scenarios.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"e25"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12516594/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145293966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impediments to countering racist pseudoscience. 打击种族主义伪科学的障碍。

IF 2.1

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2025-07-22 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2025.10012

Kevin N Lala, Gillian Brown, Kalyani Twyman, Marcus W Feldman

{"title":"Impediments to countering racist pseudoscience.","authors":"Kevin N Lala, Gillian Brown, Kalyani Twyman, Marcus W Feldman","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2025.10012","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ehs.2025.10012","url":null,"abstract":"Although virtually all academics who study human 'race' agree that it is a social construct, members of the general public still commonly regard 'race' as a biological property (i.e. they think that 'races' are genetically distinct). Even though empirical data from genetics and other fields do not support biological conceptions of race, this erroneous viewpoint is widely held, suggesting that there are impediments to effective communication of the relevant science. Here, we suggest five such impediments: (1) belief in genetic determinism, together with an over-reliance on an essentialist view of human groups, (2) overly simplistic interpretation of biological inheritance, (3) belief in the naturalistic fallacy and the associated naturalization of non-biological variation among racialized groups, (4) failure of the academic and educational communities to take responsibility for teaching the science of 'race' and racism, and (5) apologism towards racist founders of academic fields, including the evolutionary sciences. We address how and why each of these factors supports the spread of racism and suggest strategies for containing this spread.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"e24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12516599/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145293964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wild bonobos experience unusually low bone resorption during early lactation relative to humans and other mammals. 与人类和其他哺乳动物相比，野生倭黑猩猩在哺乳期早期的骨吸收异常低。

IF 2.2

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2025-07-22 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2025.10013

Verena Behringer, Ruth Sonnweber, Barbara Fruth, Genevieve Housman, Pamela Heidi Douglas, Jeroen M G Stevens, Gottfried Hohmann, Tracy L Kivell

{"title":"Wild bonobos experience unusually low bone resorption during early lactation relative to humans and other mammals.","authors":"Verena Behringer, Ruth Sonnweber, Barbara Fruth, Genevieve Housman, Pamela Heidi Douglas, Jeroen M G Stevens, Gottfried Hohmann, Tracy L Kivell","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2025.10013","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ehs.2025.10013","url":null,"abstract":"In mammals, pregnancy and lactation are marked by maternal calcium stress and bone resorption, leading to reduced bone mineral density. In humans, these periods may partly explain the higher prevalence of osteoporosis in older women compared with men, but lactation patterns in modern humans may reflect cultural influences rather than natural conditions. The extent to which these findings apply to wild-living mammals remains unknown. We measured urinary C-terminal crosslinking telopeptide of Type I collagen (CTX-I) levels, a bone resorption marker, during pregnancy in wild and zoo-housed bonobos (Pan paniscus) and during lactation in wild bonobos. Studying wild-living primates such as bonobos can provide insights into ancestral reproductive adaptations. We found an increase in CTX-I levels towards the end of pregnancy in zoo-housed and primiparous wild females. Contrary to expectations, CTX-I levels during early lactation are lower than in other reproductive phases. This pattern diverges from the assumption that lactation increases bone resorption. Our findings suggest that wild bonobos may rely on a combination of physiological and behavioral strategies to modulate bone metabolism during lactation. Bone resorption may serve as a physiological back-up when behavioral or dietary strategies cannot fully meet calcium demands. These flexible responses, shaped by fluctuating environmental conditions and prolonged maternal investment, provide insight into evolutionary pressures on skeletal health and may inform strategies to mitigate bone loss in humans.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"e27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12516605/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145293908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring factors for melodic diversification of folk songs in the Ryukyu Archipelago. 探析琉球群岛民歌旋律多样化的因素。

IF 2.2

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2025-07-22 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2025.10010

Yuri Nishikawa, Yasuo Ihara

{"title":"Exploring factors for melodic diversification of folk songs in the Ryukyu Archipelago.","authors":"Yuri Nishikawa, Yasuo Ihara","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2025.10010","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ehs.2025.10010","url":null,"abstract":"Cultural evolution of traditional music around the world has been the subject of recent quantitative investigations. Researchers have explored cultural diffusion of music as well as patterns of geographic variation that may result. By comparison, less has been studied about the process of music diversification; in particular, under what circumstances music diversifies is yet to be understood. In this study, we examine possible factors that may facilitate music diversification, using data from folk songs in the Ryukyu Archipelago, south-western islands of Japan. For a quantitative analysis, we first transform the melody of each folk song, following an automated scheme, into a sequence of alphabets, which is then used to quantify the melodic dissimilarity between each pair of songs. Our particular interest is in the dissimilarity between putative sister songs, or songs that are inferred to have derived from a common origin, and factors that have positive or negative effects on it. Our results suggest that sister songs tend to diversify more when they are sung in different islands, probably as a result of one being transmitted from one island to another, and when they have come to be sung in different social contexts.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"e23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12516598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145293963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantifying and explaining the rise of fiction. 量化和解释小说的兴起。

IF 2.2

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2025-07-14 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2025.10011

Edgar Dubourg, Valentin Thouzeau, Quentin Borredon, Nicolas Baumard

{"title":"Quantifying and explaining the rise of fiction.","authors":"Edgar Dubourg, Valentin Thouzeau, Quentin Borredon, Nicolas Baumard","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2025.10011","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ehs.2025.10011","url":null,"abstract":"We present a comprehensive analysis of the rise of fictions across human narratives, using large-scale datasets that collectively span over 65,000 works across various media (movies, literary works), cultures (over 30 countries, Western and non-Western), and time periods (2000 BCE to 2020 CE). We measured fictiveness - defined as the degree of departure from reality - across three narrative dimensions: protagonists, events, and settings. We used automatic annotations from large language models (LLMs) to systematically score fictiveness and ensured the robustness and validity of our measure, specifically by demonstrating predictable variations in fictiveness across different genres, in all media. Statistical analyses of the changes in fictiveness over time revealed a steady increase, culminating in the 20th and 21st centuries, across all narrative forms. Remarkably, this trend is also evident in our data spanning ancient times: fictiveness increased gradually in narratives dating back as far as 2000 BCE, with notable peaks of fictiveness during affluent periods such as the heights of the Roman Empire, the Tang Dynasty, and the European Renaissance. We explore potential psychological explanations for the rise in fictiveness, including changing audience preferences driven by ecological and social changes.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"e20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12344597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144849283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Further insights into maternal and paternal human histories in southern Iberia. 进一步了解伊比利亚南部人类的母系和父系历史。

IF 2.2

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2025-07-07 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2025.10006

Marina González-Barrio, Luis J Sánchez-Martínez, Rosario Calderón, Candela L Hernández

{"title":"Further insights into maternal and paternal human histories in southern Iberia.","authors":"Marina González-Barrio, Luis J Sánchez-Martínez, Rosario Calderón, Candela L Hernández","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2025.10006","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ehs.2025.10006","url":null,"abstract":"Human genetic structure of Iberian populations has been thoroughly explored in the last decades. The internal diversity of the Iberian Peninsula becomes visible by the different phylogeographic origins of particular mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome lineages, which show a high degree of population specificity. In the present study, we combined information on matrilineal and patrilineal variation patterns in two autochthonous populations from Andalusia region (southern Spain). A special focus is made to a male sample set where both uniparental data are available. Gene diversities estimates yielded not statistically significant differences between both types of samples and markers. Genetic ancestry among Andalusians seems to be constituted by three foremost continental origins: European, African, and Middle Eastern. The examined male group has revealed a noticeable proportion of individuals (over 45%) with a non-correspondence between maternal and paternal haplogroup origins, a signal of different population demographic histories linked to both sexes in the past. Andalusian males seem to be well differentiated according to ancestries. As expected, mtDNA diversity was much higher than that for the Y chromosome, a fact that can be caused by patrilocality, which leads to particular social structures with effects on haploid genomes in modern human populations.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"e22"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12344598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144849282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Skewed sex ratios and violence against women in Pakistan. 巴基斯坦性别比例失衡和针对女性的暴力。

IF 2.2

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2025-07-01 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2025.10003

Olympia L K Campbell, Maheen Pracha, Ruth Mace

{"title":"Skewed sex ratios and violence against women in Pakistan.","authors":"Olympia L K Campbell, Maheen Pracha, Ruth Mace","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2025.10003","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ehs.2025.10003","url":null,"abstract":"Concerns have been raised that an excess of men leads to societal violence, including violence against women, although recent evidence has challenged this view. One area that remains untested is honour killings, a type of femicide perpetrated by unrelated family members, such as intimate partners, and related family members, such as parents and siblings. Using a novel data set of media reports of honour killings from Pakistan we test whether the sex ratio is associated with femicide. To address reporting bias, we implement two case-control studies. The first compares media reports of honour killings to male suicides. The second compares honour killings perpetrated by unrelated individuals to those perpetrated by kin. We find evidence that honour killings perpetrated by unrelated individuals are higher in male-biased areas compared to those perpetrated by kin. Honour killings of women by kin therefore appear less sensitive to the sex ratio. Results align with sexual selection theory, suggesting more male competition may lead to more violence. We also find weak evidence that male-biased areas report more male suicides than honour killings. However, we caution against drawing causal conclusions due to potential confounding variables, particularly economic deprivation. This highlights the challenges of studying sensitive topics quantitatively.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"e18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12344599/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144849284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evidence that cultural groups differ in their abilities to detect fake accents: a follow up. 不同文化群体在识别假口音能力上存在差异的证据：后续研究。

IF 2.2

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2025-07-01 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2025.10007

Jonathan R Goodman, Robert A Foley

引用次数: 0

Relationship between trackmakers of the Laetoli footprints from gait synchronization. 从步态同步看Laetoli脚印的足迹制造者之间的关系。

IF 2.2

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-08 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2025.10

Wataru Nakahashi

{"title":"Relationship between trackmakers of the Laetoli footprints from gait synchronization.","authors":"Wataru Nakahashi","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2025.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ehs.2025.10","url":null,"abstract":"The parallel trails of footprints at Laetoli site G are important fossils for studying the characteristics of Australopithecus afarensis. However, the relationship between the trackmakers - i.e. whether it was that of an adult male-female pair or of parent-offspring - remains unclear. The footprints show that the two individuals walked side by side with a narrow and constant distance between them and synchronized their leg movements and step lengths (gait synchronization), although they had a large height difference. In this study, live camera videos were collected to obtain data on gait synchronization in Homo sapiens, the closest extant species to A. afarensis. The data showed that when two humans with a large height difference walked alongside each other, with (at least) one of the pair having their arm around the other's shoulder or back, adult male-female pairs (couples) frequently synchronized their gait, but parent-offspring pairs did not, whereas both couples and parent-offspring seldom synchronized when they walked side by side without connection or with handholding. Two individuals only maintained a narrow and constant distance like that between the Laetoli footprints when they walked with an arm-around connection. Therefore, assuming that A. afarensis had the same gait synchronization tendency as H. sapiens, the trackmakers were more likely to be an adult male-female pair than a parent-offspring one.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"e13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12034493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Social induction and the developmental trajectory of participation in intergroup conflict by vervet monkeys. 长尾猴群体冲突参与的社会诱导与发展轨迹。

IF 2.2

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2025-03-13 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2025.7

Madison Clarke, Tyler Bonnell, Rosemary Blersch, Christina Nord, Chloé Vilette, Christopher Young, Peter Henzi, Louise Barrett

{"title":"Social induction and the developmental trajectory of participation in intergroup conflict by vervet monkeys.","authors":"Madison Clarke, Tyler Bonnell, Rosemary Blersch, Christina Nord, Chloé Vilette, Christopher Young, Peter Henzi, Louise Barrett","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2025.7","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ehs.2025.7","url":null,"abstract":"We assess the proposition that intergroup conflict (IGC) in non-human primates offers a useful comparison for studies of human IGC and its links to parochial altruism and prosociality. That is, for non-linguistic animals, social network integration and maternal influence promote juvenile engagement in IGC and can serve as the initial grounding for sociocultural processes that drive human cooperation. Using longitudinal data from three cohorts of non-adult vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus), we show that non-adults are sensitive to personal (age) and situational risk (participant numbers). The frequency and intensity of participation, although modulated by rank and temperament, both mirrors maternal participation and reflects non-adult centrality in the grooming network. The possibility of social induction is corroborated by the distribution of grooming during IGC, with non-adults being more likely to be groomed if they were female, higher-ranking and participants themselves. Mothers were more likely to groom younger offspring participants of either sex, whereas other adults targeted higher-ranking female participants. Although we caution against a facile alignment of these outcomes to human culturally mediated induction, there is merit in considering how the embodied act of participation and the resultant social give-and-take might serve as the basis for a unified comparative investigation of prosociality.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"e9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11949634/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143755033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0