Evolutionary Human Sciences最新文献_第3页

Primate dental function and evolution: longitudinal 3D tooth wear in wild baboons. 灵长类动物牙齿功能和进化：野生狒狒纵向三维牙齿磨损。

IF 2.1

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2026-03-24 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2026.10041

Ian Towle, Luca Fiorenza, Kristin L Krueger, Clifford J Jolly, Jane Phillips-Conroy

{"title":"Primate dental function and evolution: longitudinal 3D tooth wear in wild baboons.","authors":"Ian Towle, Luca Fiorenza, Kristin L Krueger, Clifford J Jolly, Jane Phillips-Conroy","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2026.10041","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ehs.2026.10041","url":null,"abstract":"Tooth wear constrains feeding efficiency, life history, and survival in mammals, yet its progression in wild populations remains poorly understood. We use high-resolution 3D analysis to quantify occlusal tissue loss over a 3-year period in the upper premolars and molars (P3-M3; n = 70) of wild baboons (Papio). Our sample includes olive baboons (P. anubis) and naturally occurring olive-hamadryas hybrids (P. anubis × P. hamadryas) from Awash National Park, Ethiopia. We calculate mean values for tooth types, visualize tissue loss across occlusal surfaces, and compare individuals by age, sex, and hybrid status. Molars lost tissue faster than premolars (molars: 0.13 mm3/mm2/year; premolars: 0.08 mm3/mm2/year), with the bulk of wear shifting from lingual to buccal cusps in older individuals. The rate of tissue loss did not increase with age, despite greater dentine exposure. There was no clear difference in wear patterns relating to sex or hybrid status, although subtle sex-related differences in P3 wear patterns were observed. These findings demonstrate the adaptive significance of gradual tissue loss in preserving dental function and establish comparative baselines for interpreting wear patterns in extinct primates, where dental remains often provide the primary record of diet and behaviour.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"e12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13112123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Brokering peace in the ape (culture) wars. 在猿（文化）战争中促成和平。

IF 2.1

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2026-03-06 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2026.10039

Ammie K Kalan, Claudio Tennie

{"title":"Brokering peace in the ape (culture) wars.","authors":"Ammie K Kalan, Claudio Tennie","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2026.10039","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ehs.2026.10039","url":null,"abstract":"Mid-last century, controversy existed around the question whether non-human great apes have culture. To a large degree, this is no longer controversial - apes have their own cultures. However, there remains controversy around how to best study ape culture, given the varying and often dichotomised contributions from captive and field-ape research. Here, we present a historical summary of the ape culture wars since their inception and how this has evolved over time. We then focus on debates surrounding wild versus captive-ape research with an emphasis on culture, detailing major arguments arising from both research domains. Throughout, we critically deconstruct these arguments, illustrating the nuance behind these critiques, while highlighting their assumptions, overgeneralising statements and potential constraints. We further provide potential solutions to help alleviate the issues we describe, when possible. We also offer a metacritique of ape culture research for its scientific and political impact, irrespective of one's expertise. In closing, we summarise concrete recommendations for a richer and more holistic understanding of ape, and human, culture.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"e9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13112122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental evidence of life history trade-offs during ultra-endurance physical activity. 超耐力体力活动中生命史权衡的实验证据。

IF 2.1

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2026-03-06 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2026.10040

Daniel P Longman, Alison Murray, Emily L Brown, Courtney Lewis, Richard M Millis, Tomasz J Nowak, Krizia-Ivana T Udquim, Michael P Muehlenbein, Jonathan C K Wells, Jay T Stock

{"title":"Experimental evidence of life history trade-offs during ultra-endurance physical activity.","authors":"Daniel P Longman, Alison Murray, Emily L Brown, Courtney Lewis, Richard M Millis, Tomasz J Nowak, Krizia-Ivana T Udquim, Michael P Muehlenbein, Jonathan C K Wells, Jay T Stock","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2026.10040","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ehs.2026.10040","url":null,"abstract":"Life history theory seeks to understand how organisms distribute energy between physiological functions across the life course. A central assumption is that energy allocation involves 'trade-offs' between competing functions relating to defence, maintenance, reproduction, and growth. Constraints on human energy expenditure may produce trade-offs during energetic stress, affecting functions critical for homeostasis, survival, and reproduction. While there is some evidence for binary trade-offs between two functions in humans, no studies have tested physiological resource prioritisation across multiple functions under energetic constraint. This study empirically assessed multiple human life history trade-offs and the proximate biological mechanisms underpinning them. We recruited 147 ultra-endurance athletes (107 male, 40 female) participating in four environmentally diverse multiday ultramarathons and one multiweek ocean rowing event. The severe energetic demands of these competitions provide a valuable opportunity to provoke and observe detectable trade-offs. We found evidence of trade-offs across multiple functions. Specifically, investment in defence (as indexed by immune biomarkers) was broadly prioritised relative to investment in storage, reproduction and maintenance. Our results enhance current understanding of the role of phenotypic plasticity in human adaptability and have implications for athlete health and performance as well as the emerging discipline of evolutionary public health.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"e14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13168829/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147943081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Women's mental health: current status and evolutionary perspectives. 妇女心理健康：现状和演变观点。

IF 2.1

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2026-02-19 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2025.10032

Carol M Worthman

{"title":"Women's mental health: current status and evolutionary perspectives.","authors":"Carol M Worthman","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2025.10032","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ehs.2025.10032","url":null,"abstract":"Women's mental health is commonly regarded as worse than that of men across most cultures and countries, although the pronounced female disparity for affective disorders, particularly depression and anxiety, is reversed for other mental conditions such as addiction, alcoholism, or autism. Here we probe this puzzle within a life-history adaptationist framework, focusing on the high prevalence of mood disorders among women with the goal to evaluate their adaptive rather than pathological qualities. First, we characterize gender disparities in mental health, particularly mood disorders among women, and review their phenomenology. Then we survey known risks for mood disorder on cultural, ecological, experiential, and physical/physiological dimensions. Next we consider adaptationist explanations for depression, and map women's life history in non-industrial societies, plotting resources, demands, and selection pressures. Thence we turn to how life-course selection pressures and female adaptive responses to them operate and intersect, illustrated by an example of low birthweight effects. Affective disorders vary in phenotype and prevalence within and across societies and through time, arising from an array of context-sensitive cost-benefit trade-offs for females that operate from birth onwards. Available evidence suggests that the general preponderance of mood disorder among females is adaptive overall albeit via multiple pathways.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"e6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12936447/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147327402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transmission of human handedness: a reanalysis. 人类利手性的传播：再分析。

IF 2.1

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2026-02-16 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2026.10038

Rony Karstadt, Chloe Shiff, Tomer Oron, Nadav Ben Nun, Yoav Ram

引用次数: 0

Saved in translation? Diversity shared in French and Dutch medieval literature. 翻译保存？法国和荷兰中世纪文学的多样性。

IF 2.1

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2026-02-02 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2026.10036

Mike Kestemont, Folgert Karsdorp, Jean-Baptiste Camps, Remco Sleiderink, Anne Chao

{"title":"Saved in translation? Diversity shared in French and Dutch medieval literature.","authors":"Mike Kestemont, Folgert Karsdorp, Jean-Baptiste Camps, Remco Sleiderink, Anne Chao","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2026.10036","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ehs.2026.10036","url":null,"abstract":"Empirical studies often have to work with incomplete samples, with scholars rarely accounting for under-registration: in cultural heritage e.g. the age-long loss of artefacts can yield an under-estimation of the original richness of assemblages. Recently, it has been argued that unseen species models from ecology can estimate the unobserved diversity in cultural collections. We report an extension on shared diversity, i.e. the number of types that are common to two assemblages. As a case study, we use stories in medieval French and Dutch (ca. 1150-1450), which were frequently shared. We apply an established estimator (Chao-shared) with a novel bootstrap procedure. The estimator suggests that the surviving data underestimate the original number of shared stories: for example, when its source is no longer extant, a translation can no longer be identified as such. Interestingly, there is less evidence for the total loss of shared stories: precisely because of the redundancy caused by inter-vernacular translation, shared stories were less likely to be lost in both languages simultaneously. These results go beyond previous studies in that they provide more insight into the composition of the unobserved share of cultural diversity (instead of its mere size).","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"e7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12964083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147378812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EHS editorial 2025. EHS编辑2025。

IF 2.2

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2026-01-12 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2025.10034

Ruth Mace

引用次数: 0

The longitudinal associations of material security and belief in God in young Americans. 美国年轻人物质安全感与上帝信仰的纵向关联。

IF 2.2

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2026-01-05 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2025.10035

Martin Lang, Petr Palíšek, Radim Chvaja

{"title":"The longitudinal associations of material security and belief in God in young Americans.","authors":"Martin Lang, Petr Palíšek, Radim Chvaja","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2025.10035","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ehs.2025.10035","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of religious beliefs and practices is puzzling from an evolutionary perspective, but previous research has suggested that religious traditions may provide cooperative benefits and improve well-being. Seemingly in contrast to this claim are worldwide secularization trends in which people disaffiliate from religions and abandon belief in God. Theorists have suggested that diminished pressures on cooperation and well-being no longer motivate individuals to seek religious benefits and pay the associated participation costs. We investigate this claim using the National Study of Youth and Religion dataset, which tracks the development of religiosity among US Christians from adolescence to young adulthood (n = 3,370). Using a lagged panel design, we found that material security in Wave 1 (early adolescence) predicts a decrease in belief in God in Wave 4 (young adulthood), although this association is rather small. This result provides some support for the hypothesis that participation in religious traditions is associated with living in an insecure socio-ecology, where religious systems may still confer benefits on their members; yet it is not the only driver of secularization. We conclude with a call for further research using more nuanced measures and larger sample sizes to provide deeper insights into the potentially adaptive nature of cultural systems.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"e2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12895462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146203108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparing predictions of anger in conflict situations: Recalibrational Theory versus Dark Triad traits. 比较冲突情境下对愤怒的预测：重新校准理论与黑暗三合一特质。

IF 2.1

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2025-12-23 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2025.10030

Isabella Righi, Mauro Silva Júnior

{"title":"Comparing predictions of anger in conflict situations: Recalibrational Theory versus Dark Triad traits.","authors":"Isabella Righi, Mauro Silva Júnior","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2025.10030","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ehs.2025.10030","url":null,"abstract":"Two research branches in evolutionary psychology can make similar predictions about treatment expectations in contexts of conflict of interest, where, for those involved, costs and benefits are at stake. Recalibrational Theory of Anger suggests that evolved psychological mechanisms operate at the cognitive level and regulate human behaviour. The Dark Triad Personality posits that traits of Machiavellianism, Narcissism, and Psychopathy confer adaptive advantages, leading individuals to prioritize their interests over those of others. This study aimed to conduct a direct replication of a previously experimental study on anger in conflict-of-interest situations in a Brazilian sample (Replication Analysis) and investigated whether dark triad traits predict the magnitude of anger in conflict-of-interest situations (Extension Analysis). The Replication Analysis consistently replicated previous findings, with effect sizes from moderate to large magnitudes. The Extension Analysis revealed that only Narcissism was a significant predictor when victims were intentionally targeted by offenders. While the Recalibrational Theory of Anger predictions were largely confirmed, the dark triad personality traits, except for Narcissism, were generally poor predictors of anger magnitude. The results suggest that the universality of the information processing is robust and is little influenced by antisocial personality characteristics.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"e22"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13227133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148158201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Social complexity is not strongly predictive of indiscriminate killing of wartime enemies in a cross-cultural sample. 在一个跨文化样本中，社会复杂性并不能强有力地预测战争期间不分青红皂白地杀害敌人。

IF 2.1

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2025-12-22 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2025.10033

Kiran Basava

{"title":"Social complexity is not strongly predictive of indiscriminate killing of wartime enemies in a cross-cultural sample.","authors":"Kiran Basava","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2025.10033","DOIUrl":"10.1017/ehs.2025.10033","url":null,"abstract":"The origins and correlates of war are historically contentious in anthropology, with researchers divided over its relationship to the development of agriculture, sedentism, and centralized states. Although this research tends not to focus on norms of wartime conduct, its arguments can be extended to how the levels and forms of violence directed at enemies vary with social complexity. For this study, variables on social complexity and warfare were coded from ethnographic and historical sources into a cross-cultural data set of 73 societies. The likelihood of different individuals who were enemies of the focal society being targeted or killed during war was tested for relationships with measures of social complexity and violent conquest of external populations. The results of the analyses provided little to no evidence for increased or decreased indiscriminate violence with social complexity (as measured by population size, governance levels, and centralization), or for a strong relationship with formal military structures and political/territorial expansion. A multidisciplinary literature review of how wartime violence relates to social structures is also presented. Interpretations, limitations, and future directions are discussed in the context of comparative cultural databases and their applications to cultural evolution research.","PeriodicalId":36414,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"e4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12936596/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147327476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0