Coevolution of norm psychology and cooperation through exapted conformity.

IF 2.2 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY
Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-24 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1017/ehs.2024.37
Yuta Kido, Masanori Takezawa
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Abstract

People willingly follow norms and values, often incurring material costs. This behaviour supposedly stems from evolved norm psychology, contributing to large-scale cooperation among humans. It has been argued that cooperation is influenced by two types of norms: injunctive and descriptive. This study theoretically explores the socialisation of humans under these norms. Our agent-based model simulates scenarios where diverse agents with heterogeneous norm psychologies engage in collective action to maximise their utility functions that capture three motives: gaining material payoff, following injunctive and descriptive norms. Multilevel selective pressure drives the evolution of norm psychology that affects the utility function. Further, we develop a model with exapted conformity, assuming selective advantage for descriptive norm psychology. We show that norm psychology can evolve via cultural group selection. We then identify two normative conditions that favour the evolution of norm psychology, and therefore cooperation: injunctive norms promoting punitive behaviour and descriptive norms. Furthermore, we delineate different characteristics of cooperative societies under these two conditions and explore the potential for a macro transition between them. Together, our results validate the emergence of large-scale cooperative societies through social norms and suggest complementary roles that conformity and punishment play in human prosociality.

规范心理的共同进化和通过外显一致性进行的合作。
人们心甘情愿地遵循规范和价值观,往往为此付出物质代价。据称,这种行为源于进化的规范心理学,促成了人类之间的大规模合作。有观点认为,合作受到两类规范的影响:强制规范和描述性规范。本研究从理论上探讨了人类在这些规范下的社会化过程。我们基于代理的模型模拟了具有不同规范心理的不同代理参与集体行动的情景,以最大化他们的效用函数,这些效用函数捕捉了三种动机:获得物质报酬、遵循强制规范和描述性规范。多层次的选择压力驱动着规范心理的演变,从而影响效用函数。此外,我们假设描述性规范心理具有选择性优势,从而建立了一个具有外显顺应性的模型。我们证明,规范心理可以通过文化群体选择而进化。然后,我们确定了有利于规范心理进化并进而有利于合作的两个规范条件:促进惩罚性行为的强制规范和描述性规范。此外,我们还描述了这两种条件下合作社会的不同特征,并探讨了它们之间宏观过渡的可能性。总之,我们的研究结果验证了大规模合作社会的出现是通过社会规范实现的,并提出了一致性和惩罚性在人类亲社会性中的互补作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Evolutionary Human Sciences
Evolutionary Human Sciences Social Sciences-Cultural Studies
CiteScore
4.60
自引率
11.50%
发文量
49
审稿时长
10 weeks
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